The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Indirectness and politeness in requests: Same or different?
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Grice, H. P. (1975) · Speech Acts · doi:10.1163/9789004368811_003 · Cited by 23,221
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BLUM-KULKA, S., & OLSHTAIN, E. (1984) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/5.3.196 · Cited by 1,242 · cited 1×
“For details of the study see Blum-Kulka and Olshtain (1984), and Blum-Kulka, House and Kasper (forthcoming).”
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Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Blum-Kulka, Shoshana, in press. The multifunctionality of discourse markers: The case of requests. Theoretical Linguistics. Blum-Kulka, Shoshana, Juliane House and Gabriele Kasper, eds., forthcoming. Cross-cultural pragmatics. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
- Dascal, 1983, Vol. 1
- Katriel Tamar, forthcoming. ‘Dugri’ speech: Talking straight in Israeli ‘Sabra’ culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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“As Blum-Kulka (1987) suggested, the link between indirectness and politeness is not very strong, but rather is a matter of cultural context.”
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“At the same, time, as Blum-Kulka (1987) and Terkourafi (2015) have shown, indirectness is only perceived to be more polite if it is conventional.”
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“To investigate the level of explicitness, the Action-directives were analysed based on their directness or opaqueness (Blum-Kulka, 1987) and sub-categorised into four pragmalinguistic structures, i.e., various forms that one can utilise when attempting to convey the same meaning, based on the…”
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“This confirms the seminal argument of Blum-Kulka (1987), and Trosborg (1995) stating that conventionally indirect strategies are the most preferred strategies chosen by both native speakers and learners of language learned.”
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“In [24], the author investigates the correlation in the use of indirectness in requesting with the degree of politeness, using data from English and Hebrew.”
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“Among the contrastive studies on this issue, one finds: american english and hebrew (Blum-Kulka, 1987); french canadian, australian english, german, hebrew and argentinian spanish (Blum-Kulka et al., 1989a); turkish and german (Marti, 2006); american english and chinese (Lin, 2009); English,…”
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“The absence of ‘please’ is another notable result when we consider the postulations that adding ‘please’ will affect levels of politeness in all languages (Blum-Kulka, 1987), and that it is the most salient of the commonest politeness strategies to show respect to the interlocutor and politely ask for his/her cooperat…”
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“Se basa en la que presentó Blum-Kulka (1987) y luego BlumKulka, House y Kasper (1989) en el ‘Proyecto Intercultural de Realización de Actos de habla’ (Cross-Cultural Speech Act Realization Patterns, o CCSARP).”
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“Concerning directness and politeness, Blum-Kulka (1987: 131) reports that Hebrew speakers are more direct than Americans when expressing requests. From a South African perspective, De Kadt (1994) confirms that in isiZulu a direct, but nevertheless polite form (ngiyacela) is used for the formulation of requests, (trans…”
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“Some have cautioned that this relationship between linguistic indirectness and socially accepted forms of politeness could be a strong association rather an inextricable link (Blum-Kulka, 1987; Fraser, 1990; Kasper, 1990).”
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“This strategy is used in multiple languages (e.g., Blum-Kulka, 1987; Brown and Levinson, 1987), and Barron (2005) cataloged the use of conventionalized indirectness as a “super-strategy” for making requests.”
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“…utilized pre-designed scales, presenting examples of specific episodes or tasks, and subsequently analyzing participants’ responses to these scenarios (e.g. Axia & Baroni, 1985; Blum-Kulka, 1987; Ervin-Tripp et al., 1987; Lwanga-Lumu, 1999; Ting-Toomey, 2015; Ting-Toomey & Oetzel, 2001).”
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“Although this framework has been widely applied in pragmatics and politeness research (e.g., Márquez Reiter 2000; Wagner and Roebuck 2010), some scholars (Blum-Kulka 1987; Matsumoto 1988) have argued that it re fl ects an indi-vidualistic orientation and cannot be regarded as universal.”
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“Studies of requests, for example, reveal that politeness is not linearly correlated with indirectness, since excessive direct-ness as well as indirectness can be judged impolite depending on the context in which they are enacted (Blum-Kulka, 1987; Locher and Watts, 2005; Ruytenbeek, 2019).”
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“Blum-Kulka (1987), on the other hand, refuses to equate indirectness with politeness saying that indirectness does not necessarily imply being more polite. Besides, directness is not perceived as impolite-but rather as an economical and intimate discursive form (Blum-Kulka, 1990). Brown and Levinson (in Goody, 1996: 7…”
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“The directness levels were empirically established in Blum-Kulka (1987) who had native speakers of English rate a number of request strategies according to their directness level.”
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“Beginning with the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, coming to Blum-Kulka (1987); Lakoff (1975; 1990) and KerbratOrecchioni (1997: 70), not to mention but few, we can refer to Ifantidou (2011: 177)”
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“Blum-Kulka (1987) reported conventionally indirect requests as the most polite, explaining that they are non-coercive unlike direct requests and they have sufficient pragmatic clarity unlike hints.”
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“…act has been one of the foci of analysis for (im)politeness studies since the publication of Brown and Levinson’s widely cited volume, in which they already highlight its face-threatening nature, including it in their first strategy to save negative face (be conventionally indirect) (1987: 132).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Blum-Kulka, S.
- Venue
- Journal of Pragmatics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1987-04
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 131-146
- ISSN
- 0378-2166 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1974543382
- Cited by
- 891
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 71 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 29.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Pragmatics (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Linguistics and Language Analysis
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation
- Keywords
- indirectness, politeness, requests, politeness theory, coerciveness, face, hints, Hebrew language, English language
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