The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Indirectness and politeness in requests: Same or different?
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Citations
Cites
Grice, H. P. (1975) · Speech Acts · doi:10.1163/9789004368811_003 · Cited by 23,221
Leech, G. (2016) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315835976 · Cited by 7,767
Strategies of Discourse Comprehension
Staczek, J. J., van Dijk, T. A., & Kintsch, W. (1985) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.2307/326517 · Cited by 5,377
Universals in language usage: Politeness phenomena
Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1978) · Max Planck Digital Library · Cited by 2,726
Biber, D. (1986) · Language · doi:10.2307/415483 · Cited by 1,941
A Festschrift for Morris Halle
Halle, M., Anderson, S. R., & Kiparsky, P. (1973) · Holt, Rinehart and Winston eBooks · Cited by 1,908
(1979) · Expression and Meaning · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511609213.004 · Cited by 1,393
Requests and Apologies: A Cross-Cultural Study of Speech Act Realization Patterns (CCSARP)1
BLUM-KULKA, S., & OLSHTAIN, E. (1984) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/5.3.196 · Cited by 1,242 · cited 1×
“For details of the study see Blum-Kulka and Olshtain (1984), and Blum-Kulka, House and Kasper (forthcoming).”
MethodSelf-citationSearle, J. R. (1975) · BRILL eBooks · doi:10.1163/9789004368811_004 · Cited by 804
Is Sybil there? the structure of some American English directives
Ervin-Tripp, S. Μ. (1976) · Language in Society · doi:10.1017/s0047404500006849 · Cited by 764
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Blum-Kulka, Shoshana, in press. The multifunctionality of discourse markers: The case of requests. Theoretical Linguistics. Blum-Kulka, Shoshana, Juliane House and Gabriele Kasper, eds., forthcoming. Cross-cultural pragmatics. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
- Dascal, 1983, Vol. 1
- Katriel Tamar, forthcoming. ‘Dugri’ speech: Talking straight in Israeli ‘Sabra’ culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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Chapter 2. Theoretical framework
(2016) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.265.02the
(2016) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.265.prelim
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.287.refs
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.287.si
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.287.prelim
Appendix A. Email production questionnaires
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.287.app1
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.284.ack
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.284.c6
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.284.c4
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.284.c2
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.284.ind
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.287.lot
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.284.lot
Appendix C. Frequency of external modifiers in refusals
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.287.app3
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.287.c6
Appendix B. Frequency of external modifiers in requests
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.287.app2
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.284.refs
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.284.lof
Li, W. (2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.287.c5
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.284.prelim
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.287.abb
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.287.lof
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.284.c3
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.287.c4
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.287.c3
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.287.ack
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.284.appendix
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.284.toc
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.284.c1
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.284.c5
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.287.ni
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.287.c2
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.287.toc
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.287.c1
Cross-Cultural Differences: A Review of a Random Sample of Cross-Cultural Studies on Speech Acts
Hosni, H. R. (2024) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1006738
Song, M., Liu, Z., Tian, D., et al. (2025) · ACM International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI) · doi:10.1145/3708359.3712099
“Politeness theory offers the following four super strategies to mitigate face threats [2, 5], presented in order of decreasing estimated threat to face [28]: Direct Request (DR) -”
Requesting at work: exploring the intercultural style hypothesis of German-English bilinguals
Joo, H. (2025) · Multilingua · doi:10.1515/multi-2024-0234
Politeness Strategies in Classroom Requests
Dağtan, E. (2025) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-0964-4.ch003
Bilateral and Unilateral Requests
Rossi, G. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190690731.003.0003
Perceptions of inter-turn silence after requests in standard and colloquial Singapore English
Bandi-Rao, S., Starr, R. L., Ang, G., Roberts, F., & Luke, K. K. (2025) · Asian Englishes · doi:10.1080/13488678.2025.2517496
“How requests are formulated and responded to can vary culturally and situationally along politeness and directness continua (Blum-Kulka, 1987), with interlocuters navigating a variety of linguistic and non-linguistic cues in real time, managing potential face-threats (Brown & Levinson, 1987).”
Scivoletto, G. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780198940661.003.0012 · Cited by 2
Cyclic change in grammar and discourse
Hansen, M. M., & Waltereit, R. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780198940661.003.0001
la Roi, E. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780198940661.003.0007
Hansen, M. M., & Waltereit, R. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780198940661.002.0008
Hansen, M. M., & Waltereit, R. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780198940661.002.0009
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Long, H., & Wang, J. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780198940661.003.0009
Spanish approximators en plan and rollo between two centuries
Llibrer, A. P. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780198940661.003.0016
Prototypicalization in cyclic change
Erb, I., & Ariel, M. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780198940661.003.0005
Fedriani, C., & Molinelli, P. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780198940661.003.0003
Clines and cycles of meaning change
Bardenstein, R. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780198940661.003.0013
Hansen, M. M., & Waltereit, R. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780198940661.002.0006
Hansen, M. M., & Waltereit, R. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780198940661.002.0007
The role of reanalysis in the renewal of contrast
Ferrari, L. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780198940661.003.0015
Pragmatic cycles in Spanish farewell routines
Cardona, A. B. L. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780198940661.003.0018
Refusal strategies in Turkish-Persian bilinguals vs. Persian monolinguals: a pragmatic comparison
Shekarab, M. F. (2025) · Cogent Arts and Humanities · doi:10.1080/23311983.2025.2559884
“For instance, Blum-Kulka (1987) argued that the speakers’ cultural and linguistic norms influence how refusals are expressed and that multilinguals must negotiate multiple norms when communicating. similar to this, house and Kasper (1987) proposed a model of pragmatic transfer, which contends that…”
Explicit and Implicit Command in English and Arabic
Ahmed, S. M., & Jawad, S. B. (2025) · Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities · doi:10.25130/jtuh.32.3.2.2025.04
Political rhetorical force: analyzing the dynamics of threat in President Biden’s speeches
Rabab'ah, G. A., Derki, N., Alghazo, S. M., & Drissi, O. A. (2025) · Cogent Social Sciences · doi:10.1080/23311886.2025.2582839
Hedged performatives in spoken American English: recent change and variation in their use
Latouche, L., Laporte, S., & Depraetere, I. (2025) · English Language and Linguistics · doi:10.1017/s136067432510035x
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Zambrano-Paff, M. (2022) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-64802-761-120251008
Evaluating Argumentative Discourse Processes
Hinton, M. D. (2025) · Studies in Logic Grammar and Rhetoric · doi:10.2478/slgr-2025-0014
“At the same time, politeness is often associated with indirectness (Brown & Levinson, 1987) or conventionalisation (Blum-Kulka, 1987; Terk-ourafi, 2015), both of which might lead to difficulties in obtaining a proper understanding of the argumentative content of a particular piece of discourse.”
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Kamel, F. E., Masrar, F. Z., Ech-Channouri, H., Fadil, R., Echchebaby, R., & Hicham, K. B. (2025) · Dibon Journal of Languages · doi:10.64169/djl.93
The intercultural style of refusing by German-English bilinguals
Joo, H., & Hussain, A. (2026) · Journal of Pragmatics · doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2026.01.005
Krupa, R. (2010) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/09be75fczad99z4807zad55zcd90233d2e5c
A comparative analysis of the use of forms of address by Spanish and Polish university students
Testa, M., & Zakrzewska, S. (2026) · Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada/Spanish Journal of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.58859/resla.835
“In fact, Blum-Kulka (1987) argues that directness in communication can also be regarded as a form of politeness because it clearly conveys the speaker’s intentions, thereby saving the interpreter’s time.”
The Importance of Pragmatic Competence in the EFL Curriculum: Application and Implications*Preprint
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When requests are not articulated: Accountability and social action ascription
Rossi, G., Stivers, T., & Chalfoun, A. (2026) · Research on Language and Social Interaction · doi:10.1080/08351813.2026.2624345
“Indirectness in action has been conceptualized in different ways (e.g., Blum-Kulka, 1987; Clark, 1979; Searle, 1975; Walker et al., 2011), but a core insight is the degree of detachment between what words seem designed to accomplish on the surface (i.e., taken literally) and the action they forward.”
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Barzani, S. H. H., Ahmad, R. S., & Omar, F. R. (2026) · Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies · doi:10.66815/ejecs/2701
“The early works and notable ones start with those of Blum-Kulka (1987), Blum-Kulka et al. (1989), and Félix-Brasdefer (2008).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Blum-Kulka, S.
- Venue
- Journal of Pragmatics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1987-04
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 131-146
- ISSN
- 0378-2166 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1974543382
- Cited by
- 891
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 71 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 29.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Pragmatics (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Linguistics and Language Analysis
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation
- Keywords
- indirectness, politeness, requests, politeness theory, coerciveness, face, hints, Hebrew language, English language
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