The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Indirectness and politeness in requests: Same or different?
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Citations
Cites
Grice, H. P. (1975) · Speech Acts · doi:10.1163/9789004368811_003 · Cited by 23,221
Leech, G. (2016) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315835976 · Cited by 7,767
Strategies of Discourse Comprehension
Staczek, J. J., van Dijk, T. A., & Kintsch, W. (1985) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.2307/326517 · Cited by 5,377
Universals in language usage: Politeness phenomena
Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1978) · Max Planck Digital Library · Cited by 2,726
Biber, D. (1986) · Language · doi:10.2307/415483 · Cited by 1,941
A Festschrift for Morris Halle
Halle, M., Anderson, S. R., & Kiparsky, P. (1973) · Holt, Rinehart and Winston eBooks · Cited by 1,908
(1979) · Expression and Meaning · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511609213.004 · Cited by 1,393
Requests and Apologies: A Cross-Cultural Study of Speech Act Realization Patterns (CCSARP)1
BLUM-KULKA, S., & OLSHTAIN, E. (1984) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/5.3.196 · Cited by 1,242 · cited 1×
“For details of the study see Blum-Kulka and Olshtain (1984), and Blum-Kulka, House and Kasper (forthcoming).”
MethodSelf-citationSearle, J. R. (1975) · BRILL eBooks · doi:10.1163/9789004368811_004 · Cited by 804
Is Sybil there? the structure of some American English directives
Ervin-Tripp, S. Μ. (1976) · Language in Society · doi:10.1017/s0047404500006849 · Cited by 764
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Blum-Kulka, Shoshana, in press. The multifunctionality of discourse markers: The case of requests. Theoretical Linguistics. Blum-Kulka, Shoshana, Juliane House and Gabriele Kasper, eds., forthcoming. Cross-cultural pragmatics. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
- Dascal, 1983, Vol. 1
- Katriel Tamar, forthcoming. ‘Dugri’ speech: Talking straight in Israeli ‘Sabra’ culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 887
Constructing a proposal as a thought
Stevanovic, M. (2015) · Pragmatics Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) · doi:10.1075/prag.23.3.07ste · Cited by 69
“…try to control the behavior of others, they are motivated to mitigate those of their actions that could be perceived as problematic in this respect (Clark 1979; Fraser 1980, 1990; House and Kasper 1981; Blum-Kulka 1987; Faerch and Kasper 1989; Caffi 1999; Byon 2006; Silverstein 2010; Bella 2011).”
BackgroundRequest Strategies in Everyday Interactions of Persian and English Speakers
Yazdanfar, S., & Bonyadi, A. (2016) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244016679473 · Cited by 56
“The researcher used the principles from Blum-Kulka, House, and Kasper’s (1989) CCSARP.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCoding speech acts for their degree of explicitness
Stadler, S. (2010) · Journal of Pragmatics · doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2010.08.014 · Cited by 55
Culture, Communication, and Preferences for Directness in Expression of Directives
Fitch, K. L., & Sanders, R. E. (1994) · Communication Theory · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.1994.tb00091.x · Cited by 55
Kim, M., & Sharkey, W. F. (1995) · Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01463379509369953 · Cited by 55
Requests in American and British English
Flöck, I. (2016) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.265 · Cited by 53
Yu, K.-A. (2011) · Intercultural Pragmatics · doi:10.1515/iprg.2011.018 · Cited by 52
“In Korean, their category means are very close; in English, the category means of Want Statements and Performatives are the same, although Blum-Kulka (1987) gave their orders as 6 and 7.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialLempert, M. P. (2012) · doi:10.1002/9781118247273.ch10 · Cited by 52
Making E-Mail Requests to Professors: Taiwanese vs. American Students.
Chen, C.-F. E. (2001) · Cited by 51
Spencer‐Oatey, H., & Kádár, D. Z. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316810071 · Cited by 68
The proverb as a mitigating and politeness strategy in Akan discourse.
Obeng, S. G. (1996) · IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) · Cited by 48
(Im)politeness and Cultural Variation
Sifianou, M., & Blitvich, G.-C. (2017) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-37508-7_22 · Cited by 48
Request strategies in Indonesian
Hassall, T. (2015) · Pragmatics Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) · doi:10.1075/prag.9.4.02has · Cited by 50
“Can I very please borrow it?”: Request development in young Norwegian EFL learners
Savić, M. (2015) · Intercultural Pragmatics · doi:10.1515/ip-2015-0023 · Cited by 47
Caballero, J. A., Vergis, N., Jiang, X., et al. (2018) · Speech Communication · doi:10.1016/j.specom.2018.06.004 · Cited by 47
Manifestations of Relationship Conceptualizations in Conversation
Knobloch, L. K., & Solomon, D. H. (2003) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2003.tb00853.x · Cited by 47
“…Hornstein, 1985; Planalp & Garvin-Doxas, 1994), because they wish to avoid redundancy that limits the efficiency of their message (e.g., Brown & Levinson, 1987; Planalp, 1993), and because they recognize that the potential for miscommunication is low (e.g., Blum-Kulka, 1987; Kent et al., 1981).”
BackgroundPrompting offers of assistance in interaction
Haugh, M. (2017) · Pragmatics and Society · doi:10.1075/ps.8.2.02hau · Cited by 46
Timpe‐Laughlin, V., Sydorenko, T., & Dombi, J. (2022) · Computer Assisted Language Learning · doi:10.1080/09588221.2022.2032184 · Cited by 46
“Blum-Kulka (1987), for instance, highlighted that hints are difficult to decode, even for human interlocutors given that they strongly rely on context and tend to unfold over several turns in a conversation.”
BackgroundBrasoveanu, A., & Dotlačil, J. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198791768.013.3 · Cited by 47
Social Media in Emergent Brazil
Spyer, J. (2017) · UCL Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctt1wc7rdn · Cited by 46
On-line interactions as a resource to raise pragmatic awareness
Eisenchlas, S. A. (2011) · Journal of Pragmatics · doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2010.08.013 · Cited by 45
“It may well be that the elicited nature of the advice, the lack of continuity in the interaction and the impossibility of the advice recipient to ask for clarification bring other pragmatic principles to play, related to the relevance, clarity and economy of the message (cf. Blum-Kulka, 1987).”
Depraetere, I., Decock, S., & Ruytenbeek, N. (2020) · Journal of Pragmatics · doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2020.09.026 · Cited by 45
Politeness Counts: Perceptions of Peacekeeping Robots
Inbar, O., & Meyer, J. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems · doi:10.1109/thms.2019.2900337 · Cited by 44
“Blum-Kulka [49] defined politeness in the context of requests as the interactional balance between two needs: the need for”
BackgroundInfluentialReconceptualizing Politeness to Accommodate Dynamic Tensions in Subordinate-to-Superior Reporting
Rogers, P. S., & Lee-Wong, S. M. (2003) · Journal of Business and Technical Communication · doi:10.1177/1050651903255401 · Cited by 45
“Blum-Kulka’s (1987) study of Israeli speakers, Wierzbicka’s (1985) Rogers, Lee-Wong / RECONCEPTUALIZING POLITENESS 383”
Issues in Acquisitional Pragmatics
Jung, J.-Y. (2002) · Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL · doi:10.7916/d84f237w · Cited by 45
“Greek social norms, for example, require a much higher level of indirectness in social interaction than American ones, while Israeli norms generally allow even more directness than American ones (Blum-Kulka, 1982, 1987).”
BackgroundThe request system in Italian interaction
Rossi, G. (2015) · MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) · Cited by 45
Nguyen, T. T. M. (2005) · ResearchSpace (University of Auckland) · Cited by 45
Nepali requestive acts: Linguistic indirectness and politeness reconsidered
Upadhyay, S. R. (2003) · Journal of Pragmatics · doi:10.1016/s0378-2166(03)00076-6 · Cited by 43
Skewis, M. (2002) · Journal of Pragmatics · doi:10.1016/s0378-2166(02)00084-x · Cited by 45
A developmental model of intimacy and date request explicitness
Solomon, D. H. (1997) · Communication Monographs · doi:10.1080/03637759709376409 · Cited by 43
Investigating pragmatic language learning in foreign language classrooms
Soler, E. A. (2008) · IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching · doi:10.1515/iral.2008.008 · Cited by 45
Bowe, H., Martin, K., & Manns, H. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781107445680 · Cited by 43
Why self-deprecating? Achieving ‘oneness’ in conversation
Kim, M.-H. (2014) · Journal of Pragmatics · doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2014.03.004 · Cited by 42
Spanish speakers apologizing in English
Cordella, M. (1991) · Australian Review of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1075/aral.14.2.05cor · Cited by 41
Notions of Politeness in Britain and North America
Culpeper, J., O’Driscoll, J., & Hardaker, C. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108182119.008 · Cited by 41
El uso de los apéndices modalizadores ¿no? y ¿eh? en español peninsular
Vizcaíno, M. J. G. (2005) · Cited by 39
Strong and mild requestive hints and positive-face redress in Cuban Spanish
Ružičková, E. (2006) · Journal of Pragmatics · doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2006.06.005 · Cited by 39
Conceptions of social relations and pragmatics research
Spencer‐Oatey, H. (1993) · Journal of Pragmatics · doi:10.1016/0378-2166(93)90105-x · Cited by 39
Power and indirectness in business correspondence: Petitions in Colonial Louisiana Spanish
King, J. (2011) · Journal of Politeness Research · doi:10.1515/jplr.2011.013 · Cited by 38
“It should not be surprising, therefore, that the request strategy employed in (8) can be classified as highly indirect (Blum-Kulka 1987; Blum-Kulka et al. 1989) since, according to traditional politeness theory, the most indirect strategies are utilized in situations that involve the most potential…”
BackgroundPerceptions of Social-Sexual Communication at Work as Sexually Harassing
Solomon, D. H., & Williams, M. L. M. (1997) · Management Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0893318997112001 · Cited by 38
POLITENESS STRATEGIES, LINGUISTIC MARKERS AND SOCIAL CONTEXTS IN DELIVERING REQUESTS IN JAVANESE
Sukarno, S. (2018) · Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.17509/ijal.v7i3.9816 · Cited by 38
“Adapting and modifying the directness scales of Blum-Kulka (1987), Blum-Kulka, et al.”
MethodInfluentialBabel, F., Vogt, A., Höck, P., Kraus, J., Angerer, F., Seufert, T., & Baumann, M. R. K. (2022) · International Journal of Social Robotics · doi:10.1007/s12369-021-00858-7 · Cited by 39
“Therefore, in human interactions, requests that follow specific politeness norms are more likely to be accepted and obeyed [48,49].”
BackgroundThe Technical Editor as Diplomat: Linguistic Strategies for Balancing Clarity and Politeness
Mackiewicz, J., & Riley, K. (2003) · Cited by 38
La politesse et l'indirection : un essai de synthèse
Manno, G. (2002) · Langage et société · doi:10.3917/ls.100.0005 · Cited by 37
Im/politeness between the Analyst and Participant Perspectives: An Overview of the Field
Ogiermann, E., & Blitvich, P. G.-C. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108182119.001 · Cited by 38
A feasibility study for the application of AI-generated conversations in pragmatic analysis
Chen, X., Li, J., & Ye, Y. (2024) · Journal of Pragmatics · doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2024.01.003 · Cited by 37
Tough talk: Indirectness and gender in requests for information
Macaulay, M. I. (2001) · Journal of Pragmatics · doi:10.1016/s0378-2166(99)00129-0 · Cited by 37
Pavlidou, T.-S. (1991) · Journal of Pragmatics · doi:10.1016/0378-2166(91)90024-r · Cited by 37
Exploring L2 learners’ request behavior in a multi-turn conversation with a fully automated agent
Timpe‐Laughlin, V., & Dombi, J. (2020) · Intercultural Pragmatics · doi:10.1515/ip-2020-0010 · Cited by 36
A cross-cultural analysis of the speech act of congratulating in Kabyle and Jordanian Arabic
Alghazo, S. M., Zemmour, S., Salem, M. N. A., et al. (2021) · Ampersand · doi:10.1016/j.amper.2021.100075 · Cited by 36
The Role of Intimacy in the Production and Perception of Relationship Talk Within Courtship
Knobloch, L. K., Solomon, D. H., & Theiss, J. A. (2006) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650206289148 · Cited by 36
“Explicitness, identified by politeness theory as a fundamental dimension along which interpersonal communication varies (Brown & Levinson, 1987), refers to the directness, candor, and clarity of a message (Blum-Kulka, 1987).”
BackgroundSequential organization of hinting in online task-oriented L2 interaction
Balaman, U. (2019) · Text and Talk · doi:10.1515/text-2019-2038 · Cited by 35
“She mainly examines the act of off-record requests stemming from literature on politeness and indirectness (Blum-Kulka and Olshtain 1984; Blum-Kulka 1987; Weizman 1985).”
BackgroundThe Routledge Handbook of Translation and Pragmatics
(2019) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315205564 · Cited by 35
Prayitno, H. J., Huda, M., Inayah, N., et al. (2021) · Asian Journal of University Education · doi:10.24191/ajue.v17i4.16205 · Cited by 35
“Speech acts have the power to influence speech partners to behave in a certain way or the otherwise (Adams, 2009; Beaver, 2007; Blum-Kulka, 1987).”
BackgroundArroyo, J. L. ́. (2001) · Oralia análisis del discurso oral · doi:10.25115/oralia.v4i1.8468 · Cited by 35
Promises in French children: Comprehension and metapragmatic knowledge
Bernicot, J., & Laval, V. (1996) · Journal of Pragmatics · doi:10.1016/0378-2166(94)00075-5 · Cited by 35
Morkus, N. (2009) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) · Cited by 35
Off‒Record Indirectness and the Notion of Imposition
Sifianou, M. (2005) · doi:10.1002/9780470758434.ch14 · Cited by 35
Sociocultural variation in Indian English speech acts
Tinkham, T. (1993) · World Englishes · doi:10.1111/j.1467-971x.1993.tb00024.x · Cited by 34
Threats, suggestions, hints, and promises: Gaining compliance efficiently and politely
Kellermann, K., & Shea, B. C. (1996) · Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01463379609370007 · Cited by 34
Schnurr, S., & Chan, A. (2009) · Journal of Politeness Research · doi:10.1515/jplr.2009.009 · Cited by 33
Telling it like it isn't — exploring an instance of pragmatic ambivalence in supervisory discourse
Wajnryb, R. (1998) · Journal of Pragmatics · doi:10.1016/s0378-2166(97)00076-3 · Cited by 33
Linguistic Politeness in Student-Team Emails: Its Impact on Trust Between Leaders and Members
Lam, C. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication · doi:10.1109/tpc.2011.2172669 · Cited by 32
“In this study, the author found that a balance of clarity and coerciveness avoidance was perceived as most polite [12].”
BackgroundJudging emotion and attitudes from prosody following brain damage
Pell, M. D. (2006) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(06)56017-0 · Cited by 32
When once is not enough: Politeness of multiple requests in oral proficiency interviews
Kasper, G. (2006) · Multilingua · doi:10.1515/multi.2006.018 · Cited by 32
Solomon, D. H., & Williams, M. L. M. (1997) · Journal of Applied Communication Research · doi:10.1080/00909889709365476 · Cited by 32
JORDAN, J. M., & Roloff, M. E. (1990) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1990.tb00221.x · Cited by 32
Language in the military workplace—between hierarchy and politeness
Halbe, D. (2011) · Text and Talk · doi:10.1515/text.2011.014 · Cited by 31
Evidential meanings in native and learner Japanese and English
Filipović, L., Brown, M., & Engelhardt, P. E. (2023) · Pragmatics and Society · doi:10.1075/ps.20089.fil · Cited by 31
Constraint-Based Pragmatic Processing
Degen, J., & Tanenhaus, M. K. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198791768.013.8 · Cited by 31
Social Psychology and Language: Words, Utterances, and Conversations
Holtgraves, T. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470561119.socpsy002036 · Cited by 35
(Im)politeness in cross-cultural encounters
House, J. (2012) · Language and Intercultural Communication · doi:10.1080/14708477.2012.722097 · Cited by 31
“Both House (1986) and Blum-Kulka (1987) have shown that the relationship”
BackgroundExperimental Approaches to Linguistic (Im)politeness
Holtgraves, T., & Bonnefon, J. (2017) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-37508-7_15 · Cited by 30
“Some researchers suggested that off-record forms carry a cost because the recipient must make an effort in order to infer the speaker’s meaning (Blum-Kulka 1987; Leech 1983).”
Manik, S., & Hutagaol, J. (2015) · English Language Teaching · doi:10.5539/elt.v8n8p152 · Cited by 29
Refusal strategies in P ersian
Izadi, A., & Zilaie, F. (2014) · International Journal of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1111/ijal.12065 · Cited by 29
Comprehension process of second language indirect requests
Takahashi, S., & Roitblat, H. L. (1994) · Applied Psycholinguistics · doi:10.1017/s0142716400006883 · Cited by 29
Mind your Ps and Qs! How polite instructions affect learning with multimedia
Schneider, S., Nebel, S., Pradel, S., & Rey, G. D. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.025 · Cited by 29
Chapter 13. Implicature and the inferential substrate
Haugh, M. (2017) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.276.13hau · Cited by 28
Macaulay, M. I. (2015) · Pragmatics Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) · doi:10.1075/prag.6.4.02mac · Cited by 28
Negotiation of face in web chats
Golato, A., & Taleghani-Nikazm, C. (2006) · mult · doi:10.1515/multi.2006.017 · Cited by 70
Studies in Intercultural, Cognitive and Social Pragmatics
Garcés-Conejos, P. (2007) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 27
Relational Judgments in an Influence Context
Dillard, J. P., Palmer, M. T., & Kinney, T. A. (1995) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1995.tb00350.x · Cited by 27
Direct off-record requests? – ‘Hinting’ in family interactions
Ogiermann, E. (2015) · Journal of Pragmatics · doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2015.06.006 · Cited by 27
“At the same time, off-record requests are said to involve a long inferential path which can increase the interpretative demands and the imposition on the hearer (Blum-Kulka, 1987:141).”
BackgroundPriem, J. S., & Solomon, D. H. (2015) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650215595074 · Cited by 27
“Explicitness is a quality that characterizes communication phenomena ranging from specific messages (Blum-Kulka, 1987) to conversational style (Fitch & Sanders, 1994).”
BackgroundSpeech Etiquette in Online Communities: Medialinguistics Analysis
Duskaeva, L. R. (2020) · Russian Journal of Linguistics · doi:10.22363/2687-0088-2020-24-1-56-79 · Cited by 26
Hierarchy politeness: What Brown and Levinson refused to see
Yabuuchi, A. (2006) · Intercultural Pragmatics · doi:10.1515/ip.2006.019 · Cited by 26
REQUEST MODIFICATION IN THE PRAGMATIC PRODUCTION OF INTERMEDIATE ESP LEARNERS
Halupka-Rešetar, S. (2014) · Cited by 26
Breheny, R. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198791768.013.4 · Cited by 26
Persian requests: Redress of face through indirectness
Nodoushan, M. A. S. (2008) · Cited by 25
Camiciottoli, B. C. (2009) · Text and Talk · doi:10.1515/text.2009.034 · Cited by 25
CAUGHT BETWEEN TWO CULTURES: THE REALIZATION OF REQUESTS BY JORDANIAN EFL LEARNERS
Al-Momani, H. (2009) · Cited by 25
The Analysis of Face Work in Discourse
Wood, L. A., & Kroger, R. O. (1994) · Journal of Language and Social Psychology · doi:10.1177/0261927x94133002 · Cited by 25
Learning pragmatics through tasks
Barón, J., Celaya, M. L., & Levkina, M. (2020) · Applied Pragmatics · doi:10.1075/ap.18010.bar · Cited by 28
Prayitno, H. J., Ngalim, A., Sutopo, A., et al. (2019) · Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews · doi:10.18510/hssr.2019.7241 · Cited by 24
“In line with the previous results, it is also found that directive illocutionary speech acts are not limited to the use of imperative sentence types, but they can be found by using declarative sentences (Blum-Kulka, 1987; Zaka Al Farisi, 2015).”
BackgroundResultKampf, Z. (2012) · The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal0104 · Cited by 24
Gendered discursive practices on-line
Eisenchlas, S. A. (2012) · Journal of Pragmatics · doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2012.02.001 · Cited by 23
“Perhaps the elicited nature of the advice, the lack of continuity in the interaction and the impossibility of the advice recipient asking for clarification bring other pragmatic principles into play, related to the relevance, clarity and economy of the message (cf. Blum-Kulka, 1987).”
In/directness in Polish children's requests at the dinner table
Ogiermann, E. (2015) · Journal of Pragmatics · doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2015.03.007 · Cited by 23
Félix‐Brasdefer, J. C. (2010) · Journal of Pragmatics · doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2010.04.015 · Cited by 23
Muschalik, J. (2017) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.284 · Cited by 27
Martín, F. J. B. (2001) · Estudios Ingleses de la Universidad Complutense · doi:10.5209/rev_eiuc.2001.n9.8992 · Cited by 23
Metadata
- Authors
- Blum-Kulka, S.
- Venue
- Journal of Pragmatics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1987-04
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 131-146
- ISSN
- 0378-2166 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1974543382
- Cited by
- 891
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 71 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 29.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Pragmatics (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Linguistics and Language Analysis
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation
- Keywords
- indirectness, politeness, requests, politeness theory, coerciveness, face, hints, Hebrew language, English language
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review