Cited by 1,153Gut microbiota and healthProbiotics and Fermented FoodsInfant Nutrition and Health

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The indigenous gastrointestinal microflora

Berg, R·1996·Trends in Microbiology

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Abstract

The indigenous gastrointestinal (GI) tract microflora has profound effects on the anatomical, physiological and immunological development of the host. The indigenous microflora stimulates the host immune system to respond more quickly to pathogen challenge and, through bacterial antagonism, inhibits colonization of the GI tract by overt exogenous pathogens. Indigenous GI bacteria are also opportunistic pathogens and can translocate across the mucosal barrier to cause systemic infection in debilitated hosts.

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Crossref · 10.1016/0966-842x(96)10057-3

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Dominguez-Vergara, A. M., Vázquez–Moreno, L., & Montfort, G. R.-C. (2026) · Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición · doi:10.37527/2009.59.4.002 · Cited by 9
“Esta microflora intestinal, está compuesta por más de 400 especies diferentes (1,2).”
Background
Ação do prebiótico sobre as proteínas de fase aguda de pacientes com neoplasia hematológica
Búrigo, T., Fagundes, R. L. M., Trindade, E. B. S. D. M., Vasconcelos, H., Massaut, I. H. B., & Rotolo, M. (2007) · Revista Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia · doi:10.1590/s1516-84842007000200010 · Cited by 7
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Eddins, C., & GRAY, M. L. (2007) · Journal of Wound Ostomy and Continence Nursing · doi:10.1097/01.won.0000299811.00910.f0 · Cited by 7
“In addition, the patient should experience 2 or more of the following symptoms at least 25% of the time: (1) altered frequency of bowel movements, (2) altered stool consistency (hardened or loose stools), (3) bowel elimination symptoms (straining to defecate, rectal urgency, feeling of incomplete bowel elimination), (…”
BackgroundMethod
Impact of probiotic supplementation on mortality of induced 1,2-dimethylhydrazine carcinogenesis in a mouse model
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Schmidt, V. M., Pinchbeck, G. L., Nuttall, T. J., Shaw, S., McIntyre, K. M., McEwan, N. R., Dawson, S., & Williams, N. J. (2018) · Veterinary Dermatology · doi:10.1111/vde.12538 · Cited by 7
“925 Female 13 (25) 12 (23) 12 (23) 11 (21) 4 (8) 52 (41) Treatment duration 1 week REF 5 (15) 17 (52) 0 10 (30) 1 (3) 33 (26) 0.”
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Arora, M., Kaur, N., Bansal, P., & Baldi, A. (2019) · Applied Clinical Research Clinical Trials and Regulatory Affairs · doi:10.2174/2213476x06666190126161931 · Cited by 7
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Is the Hygiene Hypothesis an Example of Hormesis?
Bukowski, J. A., & Lewis, R. J. (2003) · Nonlinearity in Biology Toxicology Medicine · doi:10.1080/15401420391434306 · Cited by 7
“…must also be recognized that asthma/allergy development is complex, with multiple other factors (e.g., fetal development and genetic predisposition), as well as interactions of these factors with the environment, playing an important role (Berg 1996; Tantisira and Weiss 2001; Bukowski et al. 2002).”
Background
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Rusch, V., Ottendorfer, D., Zimmermann, K., Gebauer, F., Schrödl, W., Nowak, P., Skarabis, H., & Kunze, R. (2011) · Arzneimittelforschung · doi:10.1055/s-0031-1300104 · Cited by 7
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Rinkinen, M. L. (2004) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja · Cited by 7
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Kaur, R., & Panesar, P. S. (2022) · doi:10.1002/9781119702160.ch12 · Cited by 7
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“The number of bacteria generally increases along the gastrointestinal tract, ranging from approximately ~10 8 bacteria per gram (dry weight) of ileal contents to up to ~10 12 bacteria per gram (dry weight) in the colon (Berg, 1996).”
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Kinara, E., Moturi, J., Hosseindoust, A., Mun, J. Y., Tajudeen, H., Ha, S. H., Park, S. R., Lee, S. H., & Kim, J. (2024) · Journal of Animal Science and Technology · doi:10.5187/jast.2024.e58 · Cited by 6
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Ünsal, H., & Balkay, M. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/51977 · Cited by 6
“described as colonization resistance [23,154].”
Background
Intestinal Microflora and Diet in Health
Ariefdjohan, M. W., Brown-Esters, O. N., & Savaiano, D. A. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-391884-0.00038-x · Cited by 6
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Jansen, S., Wasityastuti, W., Astarini, F. D., & Hartini, S. (2020) · PubMed Central · doi:10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2020.61.3.1499 · Cited by 6
Spatial and temporal colonization dynamics of segmented filamentous bacteria is influenced by gender, age and experimental infection with Helicobacter hepaticus in Swiss Webster mice
Ge, Z., Feng, Y., Woods, S. E., & Fox, J. G. (2014) · Microbes and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2014.10.005 · Cited by 6
“However, perturbation of the commensal microbiota is also associated with human diseases such as obesity, IBD and colon cancer [1,2].”
Aspects of the progesterone response in Hortaea werneckii: Steroid detoxification, protein induction and remodelling of the cell wall
Bombek, L. K., Lapornik, A., Ukmar, M., Matis, M., Črešnar, B., Katalinić, J. P., & Žakelj‐Mavrič, M. (2008) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2008.08.004 · Cited by 6
Antagonistic and protective effects against Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium by Lactobacillus murinus in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic mice
Vasconcelos, A. L. S., Nicoli, J. R., & Nardi, R. M. D. (2003) · Brazilian Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1590/s1517-83822003000500007 · Cited by 6
“The intestines of non-human primates and other mammals harbor a vast bacterial ecosystem having several beneficial effects on the host (1).”
Background
Identification of Virulence Genes among Antibacterial-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Poultry
Rami, F. E., Rahal, E. A., Sleiman, F. T., Abdelnoor, A. M., & Lebanon, B. (2012) · Cited by 6
Chapter 13 Mucosal immunity and the bovine entero-mammary link: evolutionary established dialogue between antigen and arms of immune system
Niemiałtowski, M., Schollenberger, A., & Kluciński, W. (2005) · Biology of growing animals · doi:10.1016/s1877-1823(09)70046-3 · Cited by 6
Role for the Bacterial Signal Indole in Promoting Epithelial Cell Barrier Function
Bansal, T. (2012) · Journal of Epithelial Biology & Pharmacology · doi:10.2174/1875044301205010032 · Cited by 6
“The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is home to ~ 10(14) bacteria belonging to more than 400 known species [1-4], and bacterial cells out-number human cells by a factor of 10 in the GI tract.”
Background
Composición y funciones de la flora bacteriana intestinal
Duque, M. G., & Acero, F. (2011) · Revista Repertorio de Medicina y Cirugía · doi:10.31260/repertmedcir.v20.n2.2011.680 · Cited by 6
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Mountzouris, K. C. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-33957-3_7 · Cited by 6
Hydrolytic Activity of Enzymes of Microflora Associated with Digestive-Transport Surfaces of Pike Intestine and Triaenophorus nodulosus (Cestoda, Pseudophyllidea) Parasitizing in It
Izvekova, G. I. (2005) · Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology · doi:10.1007/s10893-005-0053-z · Cited by 6
“The absence of the symbiont microflora causes in mammals negative morphological, physiological-biochemical, and immunological changes in gastrointestinal tract [4, 5].”
Background

Authors: Berg, R.
Affiliations: Louisiana State University (US)
Corresponding author: Berg, R
Venue: Trends in Microbiology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1996-11
Volume: 4
Issue: 11
Pages: 430-435
ISSN: 0966-842X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0966-842x(96)10057-3
OpenAlex: W2087484128
Cited by: 1,153
References: 17
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 59 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 54
FWCI: 3.03
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Trends in Microbiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
Keywords: gastrointestinal tract, host-pathogen interaction, bacterial antagonism, colonization resistance, opportunistic pathogens, mucosal barrier, systemic infection, host-microbe interactions
MeSH terms: Animals, Digestive System, Ecology, Humans, Mouth, Bacterial Physiological Phenomena

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