Cited by 1,153Gut microbiota and healthProbiotics and Fermented FoodsInfant Nutrition and Health

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The indigenous gastrointestinal microflora

Berg, R·1996·Trends in Microbiology

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Abstract

The indigenous gastrointestinal (GI) tract microflora has profound effects on the anatomical, physiological and immunological development of the host. The indigenous microflora stimulates the host immune system to respond more quickly to pathogen challenge and, through bacterial antagonism, inhibits colonization of the GI tract by overt exogenous pathogens. Indigenous GI bacteria are also opportunistic pathogens and can translocate across the mucosal barrier to cause systemic infection in debilitated hosts.

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Crossref · 10.1016/0966-842x(96)10057-3

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“detected in this compartment represented 10 to 100 times more bacteria than the resident microbiota (3), and it largely exceeded the concentration of probiotics that was previously suggested by some authors for the recovery of a clinical effect (at least 6 log10 CFU · ml 1 in the small bowel, according to Marteau et a…”
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“T he human large intestine harbors approximately 10 14 CFU of >1000 different species of bacteria, some potentially pathogenic but the majority benign (1).”
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“This microbial community provides protection against pathogenic bacteria, stimulates cell-mediated and humoral immune responses, and indirectly supports digestive processes by microbial fermentation (Berg, 1996; Cummings Received 18 April, 2014; revised 1 July, 2014; accepted 12 July, 2014.”
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“The types of bacteria that comprise the normal intestinal microflora, as well as their relative concentrations, are remarkably stable and provide a strong defence against infection by inhibiting colonization by pathogenic enteric organisms ( Berg, 1996 ).”
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“Moreover, when compared to conventional mice, such animals were protected in models of various infectious diseases as well as cancer (Beura et al., 2016; Rosshart et al., 2017), which may allow for the identification of microbiotamediated protective mechanisms that cannot be discovered in…”
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“At the time of weaning, lactic acid bacteria and coliforms are replaced by obligatory anaerobes (Berg, 1996).”
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“faecalis genomes, as reflected by admixture analysis (27; this study), which showed variable intraclonal PFGE patterns (31, 63) (see Tables S1 and S2 in the supplemental material) and recombination of large fragments of the chromosome (79–83; our unpublished results).”
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Authors: Berg, R.
Affiliations: Louisiana State University (US)
Corresponding author: Berg, R
Venue: Trends in Microbiology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1996-11
Volume: 4
Issue: 11
Pages: 430-435
ISSN: 0966-842X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0966-842x(96)10057-3
OpenAlex: W2087484128
Cited by: 1,153
References: 17
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 59 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 54
FWCI: 3.03
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Trends in Microbiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
Keywords: gastrointestinal tract, host-pathogen interaction, bacterial antagonism, colonization resistance, opportunistic pathogens, mucosal barrier, systemic infection, host-microbe interactions
MeSH terms: Animals, Digestive System, Ecology, Humans, Mouth, Bacterial Physiological Phenomena

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