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The indigenous gastrointestinal microflora
Abstract
The indigenous gastrointestinal (GI) tract microflora has profound effects on the anatomical, physiological and immunological development of the host. The indigenous microflora stimulates the host immune system to respond more quickly to pathogen challenge and, through bacterial antagonism, inhibits colonization of the GI tract by overt exogenous pathogens. Indigenous GI bacteria are also opportunistic pathogens and can translocate across the mucosal barrier to cause systemic infection in debilitated hosts.
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“Saliva contains 109 bacteria per milliliter, with the bacteria present in saliva being shed from the tongue, cheeks, and dental and gingival plaque.197”
From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [197]
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“12The metabolic activity of just the gastrointestinal bacteria in a human is believed to be equal to that of the liver – the most metabolically active organ in the human body (Berg 1996).”
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“…July 2004 Accepted 18 October 2004 250 different species, genera, or even to different kingdoms (Amabile-Cuevas & Chicurel 1992; Courvalin et al. 1995), which is of major concern since bacteria often share the habitat with hundreds of other bacterial species (e.g. in human gut or skin; Berg 1996).”
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“…long been hypothesized that an important function of the native gut microbiota of insects is to competitively inhibit pathogens from colonizing the gut (Berg 1996; Dillon & Dillon 2004), especially as the gut represents one of the most sensitive entry routes for pathogens (Siva-Jothy et al. 2005).”
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“It is more and more recognized that the resident microflora of the gastrointestinal tract plays an important role in inhibiting gut colonization by incoming pathogens (Tancrede, 1992; Berg, 1996 ).”
BackgroundColistin and rifampicin in the treatment of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections
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“Studies in germfree mice provide insights to understand the complex system and demonstrate the effects of the gut microbiota on host metabolism (Berg, 1996).”
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Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Berg, R.
- Affiliations
- Louisiana State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Berg, R
- Venue
- Trends in Microbiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1996-11
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 430-435
- ISSN
- 0966-842X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2087484128
- Cited by
- 1,153
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 59 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 54
- FWCI
- 3.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
- Keywords
- gastrointestinal tract, host-pathogen interaction, bacterial antagonism, colonization resistance, opportunistic pathogens, mucosal barrier, systemic infection, host-microbe interactions
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Digestive System, Ecology, Humans, Mouth, Bacterial Physiological Phenomena
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