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Cited by 95Exercise and Physiological ResponsesPhysical Activity and HealthCardiovascular and exercise physiology

Effects of exercise training on 5 inflammatory markers associated with cardiovascular risk

Hammett, Christopher J.K., Prapavessis, Harry, Baldi, J. Chris, Varo, Nerea, Schoenbeck, Uwe, Ameratunga, Rohan, French, John K., White, Harvey D. +1 more·2006·American Heart Journal
DOI 10.1016/j.ahj.2005.08.009
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Abstract

Background Cross-sectional studies suggest that regular exercise has anti-inflammatory effects, leading to lower levels of several proatherogenic inflammatory markers. However, this has yet to be confirmed by randomized prospective trials. We performed a randomized controlled trial to assess whether exercise training decreases levels of 5 inflammatory markers linked to future cardiovascular risk: white blood cell count, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and soluble CD40 ligand.Methods One hundred fifty-two healthy female smokers were randomized to either 12 weeks of exercise training or health education as part of a smoking cessation program. Smoking was held steady for the first 6 weeks, and thereafter, smoking cessation was actively attempted. One hundred four participants completed 6 weeks, and 88 completed 12 weeks. Fitness and circulating inflammatory marker levels were measured at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. To avoid potential confounding from changes in smoking exposure during the second 6 weeks of the trial, the primary end point was change in inflammatory marker levels from baseline to 6 weeks. Change in inflammatory markers from baseline to 12 weeks was a secondary end point.Results At baseline, greater physical fitness was associated with lower white blood cell, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein levels, but these associations were not statistically significant after adjusting for body mass index (P > .1 for all). Fitness improved significantly in the exercise group at both 6 and 12 weeks. However, there were no differences in levels of any inflammatory marker between the exercise and control groups at either 6 weeks (primary end point) or 12 weeks (secondary end point) (P > .05 for all comparisons).Conclusion In female smokers, baseline associations between fitness and inflammatory markers were largely attributable to differences in body fat; regular exercise did not reduce levels of any of the inflammatory markers studied despite a significant improvement in fitness at both 6 and 12 weeks.

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  • Some observations suggest that hyperglycaemia and hypertriacylglycerolaemia/elevated NEFA levels induce independent effects and, when present together, act synergistically to generate oxidative stress, inflammation, impaired endothelial function and vascular disease.

    “However, some observations have suggested that hyperglycaemia and hypertriacylglycerolaemia/elevated NEFA levels induce independent effects and, when present together, act synergistically to generate oxidative stress, inflammation, impaired endothelial function and vascular disease (651 -653) .”

    From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [653]

  • Pro-inflammatory transcription factors, inflammatory markers including CRP, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a and matrix metalloproteinase, and endothelial dysfunction markers VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin are elevated in response to acute and persistent hyperglycaemia.

    “Accordingly, pro-inflammatory transcription factors, inflammatory markers including CRP, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a and matrix metalloproteinase and markers of endothelial dysfunction VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin have been observed to be elevated in response to acute and persistent hyperglycaemia (474,475,514,521,653,662,670,671) .”

    From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [653]

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Authors
Hammett, C. J. K., Prapavessis, H., Baldi, J. C., Varo, N., Schoenbeck, U., Ameratunga, R., French, J. K., White, H. D., & Stewart, R. A. H.
Affiliations
  • Auckland City Hospital (NZ)
  • University of Auckland (NZ)
  • Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
Corresponding author
Stewart, Ralph A.H.
ORCID
Venue
American Heart Journal
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2006-02
Volume
151
Issue
2
Pages
367.e7-367.e16
ISSN
0002-8703 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.ahj.2005.08.009
OpenAlex
W2003939661
Cited by
95
References
43
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
FWCI
10.14
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • American Heart Journal (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords
exercise training, inflammatory markers, cardiovascular risk, smoking, women smokers, physical fitness, white blood cell count, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble CD40 ligand, fat mass, smoking cessation
MeSH terms
Adult, C-Reactive Protein, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Fibrinogen, Health Education, Health Status, Humans, Inflammation, Leukocyte Count, Physical Fitness, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Smoking, Time Factors, Biomarkers, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Smoking Cessation, Statistics, Nonparametric, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, CD40 Ligand

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