Intensive Lipid Lowering with Atorvastatin in Patients with Stable Coronary Disease
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Previous trials have demonstrated that lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below currently recommended levels is beneficial in patients with acute coronary syndromes. We prospectively assessed the efficacy and safety of lowering LDL cholesterol levels below 100 mg per deciliter (2.6 mmol per liter) in patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS: A total of 10,001 patients with clinically evident CHD and LDL cholesterol levels of less than 130 mg per deciliter (3.4 mmol per liter) were randomly assigned to double-blind therapy and received either 10 mg or 80 mg of atorvastatin per day. Patients were followed for a median of 4.9 years. The primary end point was the occurrence of a first major cardiovascular event, defined as death from CHD, nonfatal non-procedure-related myocardial infarction, resuscitation after cardiac arrest, or fatal or nonfatal stroke. RESULTS: The mean LDL cholesterol levels were 77 mg per deciliter (2.0 mmol per liter) during treatment with 80 mg of atorvastatin and 101 mg per deciliter (2.6 mmol per liter) during treatment with 10 mg of atorvastatin. The incidence of persistent elevations in liver aminotransferase levels was 0.2 percent in the group given 10 mg of atorvastatin and 1.2 percent in the group given 80 mg of atorvastatin (P<0.001). A primary event occurred in 434 patients (8.7 percent) receiving 80 mg of atorvastatin, as compared with 548 patients (10.9 percent) receiving 10 mg of atorvastatin, representing an absolute reduction in the rate of major cardiovascular events of 2.2 percent and a 22 percent relative reduction in risk (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.69 to 0.89; P<0.001). There was no difference between the two treatment groups in overall mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Intensive lipid-lowering therapy with 80 mg of atorvastatin per day in patients with stable CHD provides significant clinical benefit beyond that afforded by treatment with 10 mg of atorvastatin per day. This occurred with a greater incidence of elevated aminotransferase levels.
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The rate of discontinuation of evolocumab injections because of adverse events ascribed to the drug compares favorably to rates with atorvastatin 80 mg daily (1.5% per year) and ezetimibe (1.1% per year) in other trials.
“and compares favorably to the rates that have been found with atorvastatin at a dose of 80 mg daily (1.5% per year) and with ezetimibe (1.1% per year) in other trials.14,15”
From Evolocumab and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease (2017) · cites this paper as [14]
The observed annualized primary endpoint event rate for placebo patients in REDUCE-IT is consistent with historical cardiovascular outcome studies with comparable patient populations and expanded or hard MACE.
“The observed annualized primary endpoint event rate for placebo patients in REDUCE-IT was 5.74%, which is consistent with historical cardiovascular outcome studies, including those published since the design of REDUCE-IT, with comparable patient populations and expanded or hard major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (4,8,9,30-44).”
From Effects of Icosapent Ethyl on Total Ischemic Events (2019) · cites this paper as [34]
Trial evidence confirms that statin therapy adds benefit in primary and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease.
“Although healthy lifestyle habits remain a cornerstone of T2DM management, trial data have confirmed the additional benefits of statin therapy in the primary and secondary prevention of CAD.13,102–112”
From Clinical management of stable coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association (2020) · cites this paper as [109]
A large body of evidence shows that statin strategies produce similar LDL cholesterol lowering and relative cardiovascular risk reduction in people with and without type 2 diabetes.
“A large body of evidence indicates that statin-based strategies convey similar LDL-C lowering and relative cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with and those without T2DM.102–112”
From Clinical management of stable coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association (2020) · cites this paper as [109]
Cholesterol-lowering therapy in adults at high CVD risk due to LDL-C or other risk factors, including arterial hypertension, reduces the risk of stroke or TIA.
“The use of cholesterol-lowering therapy in adults at high risk of CVD due to LDL-C or other CV risk factors, including arterial hypertension, reduces the risk of stroke or TIA.26,30,33,210,211”
From ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias (2011) · cites this paper as [33]
More intensive lipid lowering with statins is associated with a lower risk of stroke compared with less intensive regimens.
“More intensive lipid lowering with statins is associated with a lower risk of stroke compared with less intensive regimens.64,65,128,422”
From 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias (2016) · cites this paper as [128]
Statin therapy in adults at high cardiovascular risk due to LDL-C or other risk factors, including arterial hypertension, as well as in established cardiovascular disease, reduces the risk of ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack.
“The use of statin therapy in adults at high risk of CVD due to LDL-C or other CV risk factors, including arterial hypertension, as well as in the setting of established CVD, reduces the risk of ischaemic stroke or TIA.64,69,128,330,422e426”
From 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias (2016) · cites this paper as [128]
In the Treating to New Targets trial, patients receiving 80 mg of atorvastatin achieved a mean LDL-C of 77 mg/dL, with the majority achieving <100 mg/dL.
“The patients receiving 80 mg of atorvastatin achieved a mean LDL-C of 77 mg/dL, with the majority achieving <100 mg/dL, whereas the patients receiving 10 mg of atorvastatin achieved a mean LDL-C of 101 mg/dL.”
In the Treating to New Targets trial, patients receiving 10 mg of atorvastatin achieved a mean LDL-C of 101 mg/dL.
“The patients receiving 80 mg of atorvastatin achieved a mean LDL-C of 77 mg/dL, with the majority achieving <100 mg/dL, whereas the patients receiving 10 mg of atorvastatin achieved a mean LDL-C of 101 mg/dL.”
In the Treating to New Targets trial, patients with clinical coronary heart disease (CHD) were randomized to fixed-dose atorvastatin 80 mg versus 10 mg daily as an active comparator.
“This statement was based on the findings from trials such as Treating to New Targets, in which patients with clinical coronary heart disease (CHD) were randomized to fixeddose atorvastatin 80 mg versus 10 mg daily as an active comparator (7).”
In the Treating to New Targets trial, the difference in LDL-C was associated with a significant 22% reduction in major cardiovascular events.
“This difference was associated with a significant 22% reduction in major cardiovascular events in the trial.”
Two additional trials demonstrated cardiovascular benefit for lipid lowering significantly below current cholesterol goal levels for those with chronic coronary heart disease.
“Subsequent to the 2004 update of ATP III, 2 additional trials 26,27 demonstrated cardiovascular benefit for lipid lowering significantly below current cholesterol goal levels for those with chronic coronary heart disease.”
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Randomized controlled trial of atorvastatin in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: LEADe
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Anti-PCSK9 Monotherapy for Hypercholesterolemia
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Risk of incident diabetes among patients treated with statins: population based study
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Early and Late Benefits of High-Dose Atorvastatin in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes
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Beyond Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
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Predictors of New-Onset Diabetes in Patients Treated With Atorvastatin
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The Evolving Future of PCSK9 Inhibitors
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Statin Safety: An Overview and Assessment of the Data—2005
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Self-citationPROTACs: great opportunities for academia and industry (an update from 2020 to 2021)
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Effects of Icosapent Ethyl on Total Ischemic Events
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2026 ACC/AHA/AACVPR/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Dyslipidemia
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Cardiovascular risk factors and dementia
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Reduction in Total Cardiovascular Events With Ezetimibe/Simvastatin Post-Acute Coronary Syndrome
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Atherothrombotic risk stratification and ezetimibe for secondary prevention
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Self-citationESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias
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Lipid-Modifying Therapies and Risk of Pancreatitis: A Meta-analysis
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Self-citationInnate and Adaptive Inflammation as a Therapeutic Target in Vascular Disease
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Effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on simvastatin-induced myalgia
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The Current State of Niacin in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
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Coronary heart disease risk equivalence in diabetes depends on concomitant risk factors
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- Authors
- LaRosa, J. C., Grundy, S. M., Waters, D. D., Shear, C., Barter, P., Fruchart, J.-C., Gotto, A. M., Greten, H., Kastelein, J. J. P., Shepherd, J., & Wenger, N. K.
- Affiliations
- State University of New York (US)
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- San Francisco General Hospital (US)
- Pfizer (United States) (US)
- The Heart Research Institute (AU)
- Institut Pasteur de Lille (FR)
- Cornell University (US)
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (DE)
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- Emory University (US)
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2005-04-07
- Volume
- 352
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 1425-1435
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2139168645
- Cited by
- 3,489
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 49 · 2025: 59 · 2024: 79 · 2023: 88 · 2022: 89 · 2021: 93 · 2020: 90 · 2019: 104 · 2018: 142 · 2017: 143 · 2016: 142 · 2015: 168 · 2014: 184 · 2013: 173 · 2012: 183
- FWCI
- 326.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Acute Myocardial Infarction Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Keywords
- atorvastatin, intensive lipid lowering, LDL cholesterol, stable coronary artery disease, major cardiovascular events, myocardial infarction, stroke, statin dose comparison, cardiovascular mortality, drug safety
- MeSH terms
- Atorvastatin, Adult, Aged, Alanine Transaminase, Anticholesteremic Agents, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cholesterol, Coronary Disease, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Heptanoic Acids, Humans, Cholesterol, LDL, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Pyrroles, Risk, Triglycerides, Incidence, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
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