Oxidative stress: The core pathogenesis and mechanism of Alzheimer’s disease
Abstract
As the number of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) increases, it brings great suffering to their families and causes a heavy socioeconomic burden to society. A vast amount of funds and a mass of research have been devoted to elucidating the pathology of AD. However, the main pathogenesis is still elusive, and its mechanism is not completely clear. Research on the mechanisms of AD mainly focuses on the amyloid cascade, tau protein, neuroinflammation, metal ions, and oxidative stress hypotheses. Oxidative stress is as a bridge that connects the different hypotheses and mechanisms of AD. It is a process that causes neuronal damage and occurs in various pathways. Oxidative stress plays a critical role in AD and can even be considered a crucial central factor in the pathogenesis of AD. Previous reviews have also summarized the role of oxidative stress in AD, but these mainly review a specific signaling pathway. Taking oxidative stress as the central point, this review comprehensively expands on the roles of oxidative stress that are involved in the pathogenesis of AD. The vivid and easy-to-understand figures systematically clarify the connected roles of oxidative stress in AD and allow readers to further understand oxidative stress and AD.
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Mitochondrial dysfunction reduces activities of essential enzymes and disrupts mitochondrial dynamics, contributing to oxidative stress in AD.
“Key contributors to oxidative stress in AD include mitochondrial dysfunction, which reduces the activities of essential enzymes and disrupts mitochondrial dynamics.”
From Recent Advances in Therapeutics for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (2024) · cites this paper as [20]
An imbalance between ROS production and detoxification leads to damage of neuronal membrane lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, causing neuronal cell death.
“It suggests that an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body’s ability to detoxify these harmful compounds leads to damage of neuronal membrane lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, ultimately causing neuronal cell death.”
From Recent Advances in Therapeutics for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (2024) · cites this paper as [20]
The oxidative stress hypothesis indicates that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD.
“The oxidative stress hypothesis indicates that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD.”
From Recent Advances in Therapeutics for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (2024) · cites this paper as [20]
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“But when the ROS levels exceed that of the antioxidant activity, they attack cell macromolecules, destroy cell function, and induce neuronal apoptosis [67].”
- Authors
- Bai, R., Guo, J., Ye, X.-Y., Xie, Y., & Xie, T.
- Affiliations
- Hangzhou Normal University (CN)
- Zhejiang University of Technology (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Bai, Renren
- Xie, Yuanyuan
- Xie, Tian
- Venue
- Ageing Research Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-05
- Volume
- 77
- Pages
- 101619
- ISSN
- 1568-1637 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4223596392
- Cited by
- 813
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 197 · 2025: 290 · 2024: 191 · 2023: 115 · 2022: 20
- FWCI
- 21.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Ageing Research Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LY20H300004)
- Hangzhou Normal University (2021C03085)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81803340)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, oxidative stress, pathogenesis, amyloid hypothesis, tau protein, neuroinflammation, metal ions, neuronal injury
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Humans, Metals, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Oxidative Stress
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