Increased IgG4 levels in children with autism disorder
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Accumulating evidence indicates that immune dysfunction is associated with autism disorders in a significant subset of children. Previous reports have shown abnormal immunoglobulin (Ig) levels, including an increased presence of autoreactive antibodies in the circulation of individuals with autism. As IgG is the predominant antibody isotype in circulation, we expected that an altered immune response could result in an abnormal IgG subclass profile in children with autism. We examined circulating plasma levels of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 in 241 children from the CHARGE (Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and the Environment) study, a large epidemiologic case-control investigation, including 114 children who meet full criteria for autism disorder (AU), 96 typically developing control children (TD) from a randomly selected sample of the general population, and 31 children with developmental delays (DD). We report significantly increased levels of the IgG4 subclass in children with AU compared with TD control children (p=0.016) and compared with DD controls (p=0.041). These results may suggest an underlying immunological abnormality in AU subjects resulting in elevated IgG4 production. Further investigation is necessary to elucidate the relationship between immunological findings and behavioral impairments in autism.
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Elevated plasma cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p40, TNFα), altered immunoglobulin levels, elevated complement proteins, and increased chemokine levels (CCL2, CCL5, CCL11) are reported in the plasma of young children with autistic disorder compared with matched typically developing children.
“Elevated plasma cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p40 and TNFα) [82–84], altered immunoglobulin levels [85, 86], elevated levels of complement proteins [87], and increased chemokine levels (CCL2, CCL5 and CCL11) [88] are reported in the plasma of young children with AD compared with matched typically developing children.”
From Consensus Paper: Pathological Role of the Cerebellum in Autism (2012) · cites this paper as [86]
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- Authors
- Enstrom, A., Krakowiak, P., Onore, C., Pessah, I. N., Hertz-Picciotto, I., Hansen, R. L., Van de Water, J. A., & Ashwood, P.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ashwood, Paul
- Venue
- Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-03
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 389-395
- ISSN
- 0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2696343
- OpenAlex
- W2042013685
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 4.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- Emch Foundation
- University of California, Davis
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES015359, P01ES011269)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, IgG4, IgG subclasses, immune dysfunction, children, developmental delay, CHARGE study, autoantibodies
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Autistic Disorder, Developmental Disabilities, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Immunoglobulin G, Male, Case-Control Studies
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