Identification and treatment of pathophysiological comorbidities of autism spectrum disorder to achieve optimal outcomes
Open accessAbstract
Despite the fact that the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) continues to rise, no effective medical treatments have become standard of care. In this paper we review some of the pathophysiological abnormalities associated with ASD and their potential associated treatments. Overall, there is evidence for some children with ASD being affected by seizure and epilepsy, neurotransmitter dysfunction, sleep disorders, metabolic abnormalities, including abnormalities in folate, cobalamin, tetrahydrobiopterin, carnitine, redox and mitochondrial metabolism, and immune and gastrointestinal disorders. Although evidence for an association between these pathophysiological abnormalities and ASD exists, the exact relationship to the etiology of ASD and its associated symptoms remains to be further defined in many cases. Despite these limitations, treatments targeting some of these pathophysiological abnormalities have been studied in some cases with high-quality studies, whereas treatments for other pathophysiological abnormalities have not been well studied in many cases. There are some areas of more promising treatments specific for ASD including neurotransmitter abnormalities, particularly imbalances in glutamate and acetylcholine, sleep onset disorder (with behavioral therapy and melatonin), and metabolic abnormalities in folate, cobalamin, tetrahydrobiopterin, carnitine, and redox pathways. There is some evidence for treatments of epilepsy and seizures, mitochondrial and immune disorders, and gastrointestinal abnormalities, particularly imbalances in the enteric microbiome, but further clinical studies are needed in these areas to better define treatments specific to children with ASD. Clearly, there are some promising areas of ASD research that could lead to novel treatments that could become standard of care in the future, but more research is needed to better define subgroups of children with ASD who are affected by specific pathophysiological abnormalities and the optimal treatments for these abnormalities.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Both human and animal studies have indicated an association between maternal inflammation and ASD risk.
“Both human and animal studies have indicated an association between maternal inflammation and ASD risk 62.”
From Gastrointestinal Issues and Autism Spectrum Disorder (2020) · cites this paper as [62]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Host-gut microbiota metabolic interactions
Nicholson, J. K., Holmes, E., Kinross, J., Burcelin, R., Gibson, G., Jia, W., & Pettersson, S. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1223813 · Cited by 4,760 · see citing works
Hsiao, E. Y., McBride, S. W., Hsien, S., Sharon, G., Hyde, E. R., McCue, T., Codelli, J. A., Chow, J., Reisman, S. E., Petrosino, J. F., et al. (2013) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.11.024 · Cited by 3,283 · see citing works
Normal gut microbiota modulates brain development and behavior
Heijtz, R. D., Wang, S., Anuar, F., Qian, Y., Björkholm, B., Samuelsson, A., Hibberd, M. L., Forssberg, H., & Pettersson, S. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1010529108 · Cited by 3,228 · see citing works
Neuroglial activation and neuroinflammation in the brain of patients with autism
Vargas, D. L., Nascimbene, C., Krishnan, C., Zimmerman, A. W., & Pardo, C. A. (2005) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20315 · Cited by 2,149 · see citing works
De novo mutations revealed by whole-exome sequencing are strongly associated with autism
Sanders, S. J., Murtha, M. T., Gupta, A. R., Murdoch, J. D., Raubeson, M. J., Willsey, A. J., Ercan-Sencicek, A. G., DiLullo, N. M., Parikshak, N. N., Stein, J. L., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10945 · Cited by 2,084 · see citing works
Genetic Heritability and Shared Environmental Factors Among Twin Pairs With Autism
Hallmayer, J. (2011) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.76 · Cited by 1,970 · see citing works
Patterns and rates of exonic de novo mutations in autism spectrum disorders
Neale, B. M., Kou, Y., Liu, L., Ma’ayan, A., Samocha, K. E., Sabo, A., Lin, C.-F., Stevens, C., Wang, L.-S., Makarov, V., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11011 · Cited by 1,734 · see citing works
Synaptic Vesicle Phosphoproteins and Regulation of Synaptic Function
Greengard, P., Valtorta, F., Czernik, A. J., & Benfenati, F. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8430330 · Cited by 1,311 · see citing works
Sandin, S., Lichtenstein, P., Kuja-Halkola, R., Larsson, H., Hultman, C. M., & Reichenberg, A. (2014) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2014.4144 · Cited by 1,073 · see citing works
Correll, C. U. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1549 · Cited by 1,050 · see citing works
Reduced incidence of Prevotella and other fermenters in intestinal microflora of autistic children
Kang, D.-W., Park, J. G., Ilhan, Z. E., Wallstrom, G., LaBaer, J., Adams, J. B., & Krajmalnik-Brown, R. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0068322 · Cited by 976 · see citing works
James, S. J., Cutler, P., Melnyk, S., Jernigan, S., Janak, L., Gaylor, D. W., & Neubrander, J. A. (2004) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/80.6.1611 · Cited by 955 · see citing works
Mitochondrial dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Rossignol, D. A., & Frye, R. E. (2011) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2010.136 · Cited by 913 · see citing works
Self-citationDe Angelis, M., Piccolo, M., Vannini, L., Siragusa, S., De Giacomo, A., Serrazzanetti, D. I., Cristofori, F., Guerzoni, M. E., Gobbetti, M., & Francavilla, R. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076993 · Cited by 887 · see citing works
Buie, T., Campbell, D. B., Fuchs, G. J., Furuta, G. T., Levy, J., VandeWater, J., Whitaker, A. H., Atkins, D., Bauman, M. L., Beaudet, A. L., et al. (2010) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2009-1878c · Cited by 872 · see citing works
Elevated immune response in the brain of autistic patients
Li, X., Chauhan, A., Sheikh, A. M., Patil, S., Chauhan, V., Li, X.-M., Ji, L., Brown, T., & Malik, M. (2009) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.12.002 · Cited by 786 · see citing works
Morgan, J. T., Chana, G., Pardo, C. A., Achim, C., Semendeferi, K., Buckwalter, J., Courchesne, E., & Everall, I. P. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.05.024 · Cited by 749 · see citing works
Tuchman, R. F., & Rapin, I. (2002) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(02)00160-6 · Cited by 713 · see citing works
Short-Term Benefit From Oral Vancomycin Treatment of Regressive-Onset Autism
Sandler, R. H., Finegold, S. M., Bolte, E. R., Buchanan, C. P., Maxwell, A. P., Väisänen, M.-L., Nelson, M. N., & Wexler, H. M. (2000) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/088307380001500701 · Cited by 614 · see citing works
Wild-type microglia arrest pathology in a mouse model of Rett syndrome
Derecki, N. C., Cronk, J. C., Lu, Z., Xu, E., Abbott, S. B. G., Guyenet, P. G., & Kipnis, J. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10907 · Cited by 607 · see citing works
James, S. J., Melnyk, S., Jernigan, S., Cleves, M. A., Halsted, C. H., Wong, D. H., Cutler, P., Bock, K., Boris, M., Bradstreet, J., et al. (2006) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30366 · Cited by 605 · see citing works
Reichow, B., Barton, E. E., Boyd, B. A., & Hume, K. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009260.pub2 · Cited by 577 · see citing works
Perlmutter, S. J., Leitman, S. F., Garvey, M. A., Hamburger, S., Feldman, E., Leonard, H. L., & Swedo, S. E. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)12297-3 · Cited by 556 · see citing works
Rossignol, D. A., & Frye, R. E. (2011) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2011.165 · Cited by 545 · see citing works
Self-citationSchaefer, G. B., & Mendelsohn, N. J. (2013) · Genetics in Medicine · doi:10.1038/gim.2013.32 · Cited by 537 · see citing works
Zablotsky, B., Black, L. I., Maenner, M. J., Schieve, L. A., & Blumberg, S. J. (2015) · PubMed · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Microglial Activation in Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Suzuki, K., Sugihara, G., Ouchi, Y., Nakamura, K., Futatsubashi, M., Takebayashi, K., Yoshihara, Y., Omata, K., Matsumoto, K., Tsuchiya, K. J., et al. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.272 · Cited by 523 · see citing works
Abnormal melatonin synthesis in autism spectrum disorders
Melke, J., Goubran Botros, H., Chaste, P., Betancur, C., Nygren, G., Anckarsäter, H., Rastam, M., Ståhlberg, O., Gillberg, I. C., Delorme, R., et al. (2008) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4002016 · Cited by 511 · see citing works
Amiet, C., Gourfinkel-An, I., Bouzamondo, A., Tordjman, S., Baulac, M., Lechat, P., Mottron, L., & Cohen, D. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.04.030 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
MACFABE, D., CAIN, D., RODRIGUEZCAPOTE, K., FRANKLIN, A., HOFFMAN, J., BOON, F., TAYLOR, A., KAVALIERS, M., & OSSENKOPP, K. (2007) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2006.07.025 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
Williams, B. L., Hornig, M., Buie, T., Bauman, M. L., Cho Paik, M., Wick, I., Bennett, A., Jabado, O., Hirschberg, D. L., & Lipkin, W. I. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024585 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Rose, S., Melnyk, S., Pavliv, O., Bai, S., Nick, T. G., Frye, R. E., & James, S. J. (2012) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2012.61 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
Self-citationMelatonin in autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
ROSSIGNOL, D. A., & FRYE, R. E. (2011) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.03980.x · Cited by 468 · see citing works
Self-citationCytokine aberrations in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Masi, A., Quintana, D. S., Glozier, N., Lloyd, A. R., Hickie, I. B., & Guastella, A. J. (2014) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2014.59 · Cited by 467 · see citing works
Mitochondrial dysfunction in autism
Giulivi, C., Zhang, Y.-F., Omanska-Klusek, A., Ross-Inta, C., Wong, S., Hertz-Picciotto, I., Tassone, F., & Pessah, I. N. (2010) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1706 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Mimicry and autoantibody-mediated neuronal cell signaling in Sydenham chorea
Kirvan, C. A., Swedo, S. E., Heuser, J. S., & Cunningham, M. W. (2003) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm892 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Clinical trials of N-acetylcysteine in psychiatry and neurology: A systematic review
Deepmala, Slattery, J., Kumar, N., Delhey, L., Berk, M., Dean, O., Spielholz, C., & Frye, R. (2015) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.04.015 · Cited by 463 · see citing works
Self-citationEnvironmental toxicants and autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review
Rossignol, D. A., Genuis, S. J., & Frye, R. E. (2014) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2014.4 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Self-citationSulforaphane treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
Singh, K., Connors, S. L., Macklin, E. A., Smith, K. D., Fahey, J. W., Talalay, P., & Zimmerman, A. W. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1416940111 · Cited by 449 · see citing works
VOLKMAR, F. R., & NELSON, D. S. (1990) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199001000-00020 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
MacFabe, D. F. (2012) · Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease · doi:10.3402/mehd.v23i0.19260 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Wang, L., Christophersen, C. T., Sorich, M. J., Gerber, J. P., Angley, M. T., & Conlon, M. A. (2013) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/2040-2392-4-42 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for autism spectrum disorders (ASD)
Williams, K., Brignell, A., Randall, M., Silove, N., & Hazell, P. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004677.pub3 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Colonization-induced host-gut microbial metabolic interaction
Claus, S. P., Ellero, S. L., Berger, B., Krause, L., Bruttin, A., Molina, J., Paris, A., Want, E. J., de Waziers, I., Cloarec, O., et al. (2011) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.00271-10 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Schmidt, R. J., Tancredi, D. J., Ozonoff, S., Hansen, R. L., Hartiala, J., Allayee, H., Schmidt, L. C., Tassone, F., & Hertz-Picciotto, I. (2012) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.110.004416 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Oxidative stress-related biomarkers in autism: Systematic review and meta-analyses
Frustaci, A., Neri, M., Cesario, A., Adams, J. B., Domenici, E., Bernardina, B. D., & Bonassi, S. (2012) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.03.011 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Rossignol, D. A., & Frye, R. E. (2014) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2014.00150 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Self-citationGlutamatergic Dysfunction in OCD
Chakrabarty, K., Bhattacharyya, S., Christopher, R., & Khanna, S. (2005) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300733 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Wei, H., Zou, H., Sheikh, A. M., Malik, M., Dobkin, C., Brown, W. T., & Li, X. (2011) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-8-52 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Clonidine Treatment of Hyperactive and Impulsive Children with Autistic Disorder
JASELSKIS, C. A., COOK, E. H., FLETCHER, K. E., & LEVENTHAL, B. L. (1992) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/00004714-199210000-00005 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
A randomised controlled trial of bumetanide in the treatment of autism in children
Lemonnier, E., Degrez, C., Phelep, M., Tyzio, R., Josse, F., Grandgeorge, M., Hadjikhani, N., & Ben-Ari, Y. (2012) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2012.124 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Elevation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Autistic Children
Chez, M. G., Dowling, T., Patel, P. B., Khanna, P., & Kominsky, M. (2007) · Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2007.01.012 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
A Randomised, Controlled Study of Dietary Intervention in Autistic Syndromes
Knivsberg, A. M., Reichelt, K. L., Høien, T., & Nødland, M. (2002) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/10284150290028945 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
The Gluten-Free, Casein-Free Diet In Autism: Results of A Preliminary Double Blind Clinical Trial
Elder, J. H., Shankar, M. N., Shuster, J. J., Theriaque, D. W., Burns, S., & Sherrill, L. (2006) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0079-0 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Effect of a vitamin/mineral supplement on children and adults with autism
Adams, J. B., AUDHYA, T. K., McDonough-Means, S. I., Rubin, R. A., Quig, D. W., Geis, E., Gehn, E., Loresto, M., Mitchell, J., Atwood, S., et al. (2011) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/1471-2431-11-111 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Nocturnal excretion of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin in children and adolescents with autistic disorder
Tordjman, S., Anderson, G. M., Pichard, N., Charbuy, H., & Touitou, Y. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.003 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Danielsson, S., Gillberg, I. C., Billstedt, E., Gillberg, C., & Olssøn, I. (2005) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2005.57504.x · Cited by 296 · see citing works
A randomized controlled pilot trial of oral N-acetylcysteine in children with autism
Hardan, A. Y., Fung, L. K., Libove, R. A., Obukhanych, T. V., Nair, S., Herzenberg, L. A., Frazier, T. W., & Tirouvanziam, R. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.01.014 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Microglia in the Cerebral Cortex in Autism
Tetreault, N. A., Hakeem, A. Y., Jiang, S., Williams, B. A., Allman, E., Wold, B. J., & Allman, J. M. (2012) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1513-0 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Hill, A. P., Zuckerman, K. E., Hagen, A., Kříž, D., Duvall, S. W., van Santen, J. P. H., Nigg, J. T., Fair, D. A., & Fombonne, E. J. (2014) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2014.05.006 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Autoantibodies to Folate Receptors in the Cerebral Folate Deficiency Syndrome
Ramaekers, V. T., Rothenberg, S. P., Sequeira, J. M., Opladen, T., Blau, N., Quadros, E. V., & Selhub, J. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa043160 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Malow, B. A., Byars, K. C., Johnson, K., Weiss, S. K., Bernal, P., Goldman, S. E., Panzer, R., Coury, D. L., & Glaze, D. G. (2012) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2012-0900i · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Cortesi, F., Giannotti, F., Sebastiani, T., Panunzi, S., & Valente, D. (2012) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2012.01021.x · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Chez, M. G., Chang, M., Krasne, V., Coughlan, C. A., Kominsky, M., & Schwartz, A. (2006) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2005.11.001 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Malow, B., Adkins, K. W., McGrew, S. G., Wang, L., Goldman, S. E., Fawkes, D., & Burnette, C. (2012) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-011-1418-3 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Mitochondrial dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders: a population-based study
Oliveira, G., Diogo, L. M., Grazina, M. M., Garcia, P., Ataíde, A., Marques, C., Miguel, T., Borges, L., Vicente, A., & Oliveira, C. R. (2005) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1017/s0012162205000332 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Whiteley, P., Haracopos, D., Knivsberg, A.-M., Reichelt, K. L., Parlar, S., Jacobsen, J., Seim, A., Pedersen, L., Schondel, M., & Shattock, P. (2010) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1179/147683010x12611460763922 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Connolly, A. M., Chez, M. G., Streif, E. M., Keeling, R. M., Golumbek, P. T., Kwon, J. M., Riviello, J. J., Robinson, R., Neuman, R. J., & Deuel, R. K. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.07.004 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Atomoxetine for hyperactivity in autism spectrum disorders: placebo-controlled crossover pilot trial
ARNOLD, L. E., AMAN, M. G., COOK, A. M., WITWER, A. N., HALL, K. L., THOMPSON, S., & RAMADAN, Y. (2006) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000231976.28719.2a · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Cerebral folate receptor autoantibodies in autism spectrum disorder
Frye, R. E., Sequeira, J. M., Quadros, E. V., James, S. J., & Rossignol, D. A. (2012) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2011.175 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Self-citationAutism-specific maternal autoantibodies recognize critical proteins in developing brain
Braunschweig, D., Krakowiak, P., Duncanson, P., Boyce, R., Hansen, R. L., Ashwood, P., Hertz-Picciotto, I., Pessah, I. N., & Van de Water, J. (2013) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2013.50 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Melnyk, S., Fuchs, G. J., Schulz, E., Lopez, M., Kahler, S. G., Fussell, J. J., Bellando, J., Pavliv, O., Rose, S., Seidel, L., et al. (2012) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-011-1260-7 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Autism and epilepsy: A retrospective follow-up study
Hara, H. (2007) · Brain and Development · doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2006.12.012 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
James, S. J., Melnyk, S., Fuchs, G. J., Reid, T., Jernigan, S., Pavliv, O., Hubanks, A., & Gaylor, D. W. (2008) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.26615 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
The incidence of seizures among children with autistic symptoms
Deykin, E. Y., & MacMahon, B. (1979) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.136.10.1310 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Management of Sleep Disorders in Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Review
Blackmer, A. B., & Feinstein, J. A. (2016) · Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy · doi:10.1002/phar.1686 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Serum autoantibodies to brain in Landau-Kleffner variant, autism, and other neurologic disorders
Connolly, A. M., Chez, M. G., Pestronk, A., Arnold, S. T., Mehta, S., & Deuel, R. K. (1999) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(99)70248-9 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Frye, R. E., Melnyk, S., & MacFabe, D. F. (2013) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2012.143 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Self-citationTaliou, A., Zintzaras, E., Lykouras, L., & Francis, K. (2013) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.04.006 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Stereotypies and hyperactivity in rhesus monkeys exposed to IgG from mothers of children with autism
Martin, L. A., Ashwood, P., Braunschweig, D., Cabanlit, M., Van de Water, J., & Amaral, D. G. (2008) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2007.12.007 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Antipsychotics and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Youth
Bobo, W. V., Cooper, W. O., Stein, C. M., Olfson, M., Graham, D. J., Daugherty, J. R., Fuchs, D. C., & Ray, W. A. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.2053 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Buie, T., Fuchs, G. J., Furuta, G. T., Kooros, K., Levy, J., Lewis, J. D., Wershil, B. K., & Winter, H. (2010) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2009-1878d · Cited by 228 · see citing works
James, S. J., Rose, S., Melnyk, S., Jernigan, S., Blossom, S. J., Pavliv, O., & Gaylor, D. W. (2009) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.08-128926 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Chez, M. G., Buchanan, C. P., Aimonovitch, M. C., Becker, M., Schaefer, K., Black, C., & Komen, J. (2002) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/08830738020170111501 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
An update on pharmacotherapy for autism spectrum disorder in children and adolescents
Ji, N. Y., & Findling, R. L. (2015) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000132 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Frye, R. E., & Rossignol, D. A. (2011) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/pdr.0b013e318212f16b · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Self-citationAbnormal microglial–neuronal spatial organization in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in autism
Morgan, J. T., Chana, G., Abramson, I., Semendeferi, K., Courchesne, E., & Everall, I. P. (2012) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2012.03.036 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Shavelle, R. M., Strauss, D. J., & Pickett, J. (2001) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1013247011483 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Palmieri, L., Papaleo, V., Porcelli, V., Scarcia, P., Gaita, L., Sacco, R., Hager, J., Rousseau, F., Curatolo, P., Manzi, B., et al. (2008) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2008.63 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
(1992) · PubMed · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Immunological and autoimmune considerations of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Gesundheit, B., Rosenzweig, J. P., Naor, D., Lerer, B., Zachor, D. A., Procházka, V., Melamed, M., Kristt, D. A., Steinberg, A., Shulman, C., et al. (2013) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2013.05.005 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Antibody-mediated neuronal cell signaling in behavior and movement disorders
Kirvan, C. A., Swedo, S. E., Snider, L. A., & Cunningham, M. W. (2006) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.06.017 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Extended-Release Guanfacine for Hyperactivity in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Scahill, L., McCracken, J. T., King, B. H., Rockhill, C., Shah, B., Politte, L., Sanders, R., Minjarez, M., Cowen, J., Mullett, J., et al. (2015) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15010055 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Ashwood, P., Anthony, A., Pellicer, A. A., Torrente, F., Walker-Smith, J. A., & Wakefield, A. J. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1023/b:joci.0000010427.05143.bb · Cited by 197 · see citing works
King, B. H., WRIGHT, D. M., Handen, B. L., Sikich, L., Zimmerman, A. W., McMahon, W., Cantwell, E., Davanzo, P. A., Dourish, C. T., Dykens, E. M., et al. (2001) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200106000-00010 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Desulfovibrio species are potentially important in regressive autism
Finegold, S. M. (2011) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2011.04.032 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Relative Carnitine Deficiency in Autism
Filipek, P. A., Juranek, J. J., Nguyen, M. T., Cummings, C., & Gargus, J. J. (2004) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-004-5283-1 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
The near universal presence of autism spectrum disorders in children with Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome
Sikora, D. M., Pettit‐Kekel, K., Penfield, J., Merkens, L. S., & Steiner, R. D. (2006) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A · doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.31294 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Reduced levels of immunoglobulin in children with autism correlates with behavioral symptoms
Heuer, L., Ashwood, P., Schauer, J., Goines, P., Krakowiak, P., Hertz‐Picciotto, I., Hansen, R., Croen, L. A., Pessah, I. N., & Van de Water, J. (2008) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.42 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
The level of arabinitol in autistic children after probiotic therapy
Kałużna-Czaplińska, J., & Błaszczyk, S. (2012) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2011.08.002 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Ramaekers, V. T., Blau, N., Sequeira, J. M., Nassogne, M., & Quadros, E. (2007) · Neuropediatrics · doi:10.1055/s-2008-1065354 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Use of clonidine in children with autism spectrum disorders
Ming, X., Gordon, E., Kang, N., & Wagner, G. C. (2008) · Brain and Development · doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2007.12.007 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Pennesi, C. M., & Klein, L. C. (2012) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1179/1476830512y.0000000003 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Adams, J. B., & Holloway, C. (2004) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2004.10.1033 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Autism Associated With the Mitochondrial DNA G8363A Transfer RNALys Mutation
Graf, W. D., Marı́n-Garcı́a, J., Gao, H.-G., Pizzo, S., Naviaux, R. K., Markusic, D. M., Barshop, B. A., Courchesne, E., & Haas, R. (2000) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/088307380001500601 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Bauman, M. D., Iosif, A.-M., Ashwood, P., Braunschweig, D., Lee, A., Schumann, C. M., Van de Water, J., & Amaral, D. G. (2013) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2013.47 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Mitochondrial dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders: Cause or effect?
Palmieri, L., & Persico, A. M. (2010) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics · doi:10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.04.018 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Harfterkamp, M., van de Loo-Neus, G., Minderaa, R. B., van der Gaag, R.-J., Escobar, R., Schacht, A., Pamulapati, S., Buitelaar, J. K., & Hoekstra, P. J. (2012) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2012.04.011 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
A preliminary trial of ascorbic acid as supplemental therapy for autism
Dolske, M. C., Spollen, J., McKay, S., Lancashire, E., & Tolbert, L. (1993) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0278-5846(93)90058-z · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Rose, S., Frye, R. E., Slattery, J., Wynne, R., Tippett, M., Pavliv, O., Melnyk, S., & James, S. J. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085436 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Self-citationKrajmalnik‐Brown, R., Lozupone, C., Kang, D., & Adams, J. B. (2015) · Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease · doi:10.3402/mehd.v26.26914 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Autism spectrum disorder and epilepsy: Disorders with a shared biology
Lee, B. H., Smith, T., & Paciorkowski, A. R. (2015) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.03.017 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
The serotonin-N-acetylserotonin-melatonin pathway as a biomarker for autism spectrum disorders
Pagan, C., Delorme, R., Callebert, J., Goubran-Botros, H., Amsellem, F., Drouot, X., Boudebesse, C., Le Dudal, K., Ngo-Nguyen, N., Laouamri, H., et al. (2014) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2014.120 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Johnson, C. R., Turner, K. S., Foldes, E., Brooks, M. M., Kronk, R. A., & Wiggs, L. D. (2013) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2013.05.013 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Decreased Brain Levels of Vitamin B12 in Aging, Autism and Schizophrenia
Zhang, Y., Hodgson, N., Trivedi, M. S., Abdolmaleky, H. M., Fournier, M., Cuénod, M., Kim, Q., & Deth, R. C. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0146797 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Abnormalities of cholesterol metabolism in autism spectrum disorders
Tierney, E., Bukelis, I., Thompson, R. E., Ahmed, K., Aneja, A., Kratz, L., & Kelley, R. I. (2006) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30368 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
The role of hyperhomocysteinemia and B-vitamin deficiency in neurological and psychiatric diseases
Obeid, R., McCaddon, A., & Herrmann, W. (2007) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm.2007.356 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Achkar, C. M. E., & Spence, S. J. (2015) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.12.022 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Ghanizadeh, A. J., & Sarani, E. M. (2013) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-13-196 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Gupta, S., Aggarwal, S., & Heads, C. (1996) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02172828 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Developmental Regression and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a Child With Autism
Poling, J. S., Frye, R. E., Shoffner, J. M., & Zimmerman, A. W. (2006) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/08830738060210021401 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Self-citationRandomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Methyl B12 for Children with Autism
Hendren, R. L., James, S. J., Widjaja, F., Lawton, B., Rosenblatt, A., & Bent, S. (2016) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2015.0159 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Mitochondrial dysfunction in autistic patients with 15q inverted duplication
Filipek, P. A., Juranek, J. J., Smith, M., Mays, L. Z., Ramos, E. R., Bocian, M. E., Masser‐Frye, D., Laulhere, T. M., Modahl, C., Spence, M. A., et al. (2003) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.10596 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Cerebral folate deficiency with developmental delay, autism, and response to folinic acid
Moretti, P., Sahoo, T., Hyland, Κ., Bottiglieri, T., Peters, S. U., del Gaudio, D., Roa, B., Curry, S. H., Zhu, H., Finnell, R. H., et al. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000154641.08211.b7 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Asadabadi, M., Mohammadi, M.-R., Ghanizadeh, A. J., Modabbernia, A., Ashrafi, M., Hassanzadeh, E., Forghani, S., & Akhondzadeh, S. (2012) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2796-8 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Filiano, J. J., Goldenthal, M. J., Rhodes, C. H., & Marı́n-Garcı́a, J. (2002) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/088307380201700607 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Redox metabolism abnormalities in autistic children associated with mitochondrial disease
Frye, R. E., DeLaTorre, R., Taylor, H., Slattery, J. M., Melnyk, S., Chowdhury, N., & James, S. J. (2013) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2013.51 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Self-citationFrye, R. E., Rose, S., Slattery, J. M., & MacFabe, D. F. (2015) · Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease · doi:10.3402/mehd.v26.27458 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citationCelestino-Soper, P. B. S., Violante, S., Crawford, E. L., Luo, R., Lionel, A. C., Delaby, E., Cai, G., Sadikovic, B., Lee, K., Lo, C., et al. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1120210109 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Autoantibodies to cerebellum in children with autism associate with behavior
Goines, P., Haapanen, L., Boyce, R., Duncanson, P., Braunschweig, D., Delwiche, L., Hansen, R., Hertz-Picciotto, I., Ashwood, P., & Van de Water, J. (2011) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2010.11.017 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Oxidative burden and mitochondrial dysfunction in a mouse model of Rett syndrome
Großer, E., Hirt, U., Janc, O. A., Menzfeld, C., Fischer, M., Kempkes, B., Vogelgesang, S., Manzke, T., Opitz, L., Salinas, G., et al. (2012) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2012.06.007 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Bresnahan, M., Hornig, M., Schultz, A. F., Gunnes, N., Hirtz, D., Lie, K. K., Magnus, P., Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., Roth, C., Schjølberg, S., et al. (2015) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.3034 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Foley, K. A., Ossenkopp, K., Kavaliers, M., & MacFabe, D. F. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087072 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Autism: Metabolism, Mitochondria, and the Microbiome
Macfabe, D. (2013) · Global Advances in Health and Medicine · doi:10.7453/gahmj.2013.089 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Pu, D., Shen, Y., & Wu, J. (2013) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1300 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Tordjman, S., Anderson, G. M., Bellissant, E., Botbol, M., Charbuy, H., Camus, F., Graignic, R., Kermarrec, S., Fougerou, C., Cohen, D., et al. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.04.013 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Epilepsy and EEG paroxysmal abnormalities in autism spectrum disorders
Parmeggiani, A., Barcia, G., Posar, A., Raimondi, E., Santucci, M., & Scaduto, M. C. (2010) · Brain and Development · doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2010.07.003 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Sleep disorders, epilepsy, and autism
Malow, B. A. (2004) · Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/mrdd.20023 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Increased serum albumin, γ globulin, immunoglobulin IgG, and IgG2 and IgG4 in autism
Croonenberghs, J., Wauters, A., Devreese, K. M. J., Verkerk, R. M., Scharpé, S., Bosmans, E., Egyed, B., Deboutte, D., & Maes, M. H. J. (2002) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291702006037 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Pressler, R., Robinson, R. O., Wilson, G. A., & Binnie, C. D. (2005) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.08.084 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Pașca, S. P., Dronca, E., Kaucsár, T., Crăciun, E. C., Endreffy, E., Ferencz, B., Iftene, F., Benga, I., Cornean, R., Banerjee, R. V., et al. (2008) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00463.x · Cited by 126 · see citing works
STX209 (Arbaclofen) for Autism Spectrum Disorders: An 8-Week Open-Label Study
Erickson, C. A., Veenstra-VanderWeele, J. M., Melmed, R. D., McCracken, J. T., Ginsberg, L. D., Sikich, L., Scahill, L. D., Cherubini, M., Zarevics, P., Walton-Bowen, K. L., et al. (2013) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1963-z · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Down Syndrome
Pagano, G., & Castello, G. (2012) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0653-2_22 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Mahajan, R., Bernal, M. P., Panzer, R., Whitaker, A. H., Roberts, W., Handen, B. L., Hardan, A. Y., Anagnostou, E. A., & Veenstra-VanderWeele, J. M. (2012) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2012-0900j · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Frye, R. E. (2015) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.08.134 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citationDeficits in bioenergetics and impaired immune response in granulocytes from children with autism
Napoli, E., Wong, S., Hertz-Picciotto, I., & Giulivi, C. (2014) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2013-1545 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Napoli, E., Ross‐Inta, C., Wong, S., Hung, C., Fujisawa, Y., Sakaguchi, D., Angelastro, J. M., Omanska-Klusek, A., Schoenfeld, R. A., & Giulivi, C. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042504 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Geier, D. A., Kern, J. K., Davis, G., King, P. G., Adams, J. B., Young, J. L., & Geier, M. R. (2011) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.881792 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Akhondzadeh, S., Fallah, J., Mohammadi, M.-R., Imani, R., Mohammadi, M., Salehi, B., Ghanizadeh, A. J., Raznahan, M., Mohebbi-Rasa, S., Rezazadeh, S., et al. (2009) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.09.012 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Bertoglio, K. C., James, S. J., Deprey, L., Brule, N., & Hendren, R. L. (2010) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2009.0177 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Billiau, A., Witters, P., Ceulemans, B., Kasran, A., Wouters, C. H., & Lagae, L. G. (2007) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.01134.x · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Rossignol, D. A., Rossignol, L. W., James, S. J., Melnyk, S., & Mumper, E. A. (2007) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/1471-2431-7-36 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationPallardó, F. V., Lloret, A., Lebel, M., d’Ischia, M., Cogger, V. C., Couteur, D. G. L., Gadaleta, M. N., Castello, G., & Pagano, G. (2010) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-010-9269-4 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Metabolic Pathology of Autism in Relation to Redox Metabolism
Frye, R. E., & James, S. J. (2014) · Biomarkers in Medicine · doi:10.2217/bmm.13.158 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationCorrell, C. U., & Kane, J. M. (2007) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2006.0117 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
A milk‐free diet downregulates folate receptor autoimmunity in cerebral folate deficiency syndrome
Ramaekers, V. T., Sequeira, J. M., Blau, N., et al. (2008) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.02053.x · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Increased IgG4 levels in children with autism disorder
Enstrom, A., Krakowiak, P., Onore, C., Pessah, I. N., Hertz-Picciotto, I., Hansen, R. L., Van de Water, J. A., & Ashwood, P. (2009) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2008.12.005 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Gibson, J. H., Slobedman, B., Kurup, H. K. N., Williamson, S. L., Minchenko, D., El‐Osta, A., Stern, J. L., & Christodoulou, J. (2010) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/1471-2202-11-53 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Frye, R. E. (2013) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2013.00031 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationDietary Therapies for Epilepsy
Kossoff, E. H., & Wang, H.-S. (2013) · Biomedical Journal · doi:10.4103/2319-4170.107152 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Pastural, É., Ritchie, S. A., Lu, Y., Jin, W., Kavianpour, A., Su-Myat, K. K., Heath, D., Wood, P. L., Fisk, M., & Goodenowe, D. B. (2009) · Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids · doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2009.06.003 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Clark-Taylor, T., & Clark-Taylor, B. E. (2004) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2004.01.011 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Ubiquinol Improves Symptoms in Children with Autism
Gvozdjáková, A., Kucharská, J., Ostatníková, D., Babinská, K., Nakládal, D., & Crane, F. L. (2014) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2014/798957 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
The metabolic basis for developmental disorders due to defective folate transport
Desai, A., Sequeira, J. M., & Quadros, E. V. (2016) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2016.02.012 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Marston, D., Besag, F., Binnie, C. D., & Fowler, M. (1993) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.1993.tb11694.x · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Foley, K. A., MacFabe, D. F., Kavaliers, M., & Ossenkopp, K. (2014) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.09.032 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Schneider, C. K., Melmed, R. D., Barstow, L. E., Enriquez, F. J., Ranger‐Moore, J., & Ostrem, J. A. (2006) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0141-y · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Autism: Electroencephalogram Abnormalities and Clinical Improvement With Valproic Acid
Plioplys, A. V. (1994) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.1994.02170020106021 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Nordahl, C. W., Braunschweig, D., Iosif, A.-M., Lee, A., Rogers, S., Ashwood, P., Amaral, D. G., & Van de Water, J. (2013) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2013.01.084 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Aberrations in folate metabolic pathway and altered susceptibility to autism
Mohammad, N. S., Jain, J. M. N., Chintakindi, K. P., Singh, R. P., Naik, U., & Akella, R. R. D. (2009) · Psychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1097/ypg.0b013e32832cebd2 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Rose, S., Melnyk, S., Trusty, T. A., Pavliv, O., Seidel, L., Li, J., Nick, T. G., & James, S. J. (2011) · Autism Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2012/986519 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Intravenous Immunoglobulin Treatment of Children With Autism
Plioplys, A. V. (1998) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/088307389801300207 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Mitochondrial DNA and anti-mitochondrial antibodies in serum of autistic children
Zhang, B., Angelidou, A., Alysandratos, K., Vasiadi, M., Francis, K., Asadi, S., Theoharides, A., Sideri, K., Lykouras, L., Kalogeromitros, D. C., et al. (2010) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-7-80 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Treatments for Biomedical Abnormalities Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Frye, R. E., & Rossignol, D. A. (2014) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2014.00066 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationMelatonin in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Rossignol, D. A., & Frye, R. E. (2014) · Current Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.2174/15748847113086660072 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationPiras, I. S., Haapanen, L., Napolioni, V., Sacco, R., Van de Water, J., & Persico, A. M. (2014) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2013.12.020 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Ingrassia, A., & Turk, J. (2005) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-005-0424-4 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Moretti, P. M., Peters, S. U., del Gaudio, D., Sahoo, T., Hyland, Κ., Bottiglieri, T., Hopkin, R. J., Peach, E., Min, S. H., Goldman, D., et al. (2007) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0492-z · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Frye, R. E., Melnyk, S., Fuchs, G. J., Reid, T., Jernigan, S., Pavliv, O., Hubanks, A., Gaylor, D. W., Walters, L., & James, S. J. (2013) · Autism Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2013/609705 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citationMostafa, G. A., & AL-ayadhi, L. Y. (2011) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-8-39 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Septo‐optic dysplasia associated with a new mitochondrial cytochrome b mutation
Schuelke, M., Krude, H., Finckh, B., Mayatepek, E., Janssen, A. J. M., Schmelz, M., Trefz, F. K., Trijbels, F. J. M., & Smeitink, J. A. M. (2002) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.10151 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Griffith, L. C., & Schulman, H. (1988) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)76576-4 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Autism: The role of cholesterol in treatment
Aneja, A., & Tierney, E. (2008) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540260801889062 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Bukelis, I., Porter, F. D., Zimmerman, A. W., & Tierney, E. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07020315 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Su, H., Fan, W., Coskun, P. E., Vesa, J., Gold, J.-A., Jiang, Y.-H., Potluri, P., Procaccio, V., Acab, A., Weiss, J. H., et al. (2011) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2009.06.079 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Role of folate receptor autoantibodies in infantile autism
Ramaekers, V. T., Quadros, E. V., & Sequeira, J. M. (2012) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2012.22 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Rossignol, D. A., & Frye, R. E. (2014) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2014.00087 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationRose, S., Frye, R. E., Slattery, J., Wynne, R. A., Tippett, M., Melnyk, S., & James, S. J. (2015) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2015.29 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationRelation of Melatonin to Sleep Architecture in Children with Autism
Leu, R. M., Beyderman, L., Botzolakis, E. J., Surdyka, K., Wang, L., & Malow, B. A. (2010) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-010-1072-1 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Wink, L. K., Early, M. C., Schaefer, T. L., Pottenger, A., Horn, P. S., McDougle, C. J., & Erickson, C. A. (2014) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2013.0099 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Brief Report: A Pilot Open Clinical Trial of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Childhood Autism
DelGiudice-Asch, G., Simon, L., Schmeidler, J., Cunningham‐Rundles, C., & Hollander, E. (1999) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1023096728131 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Approaches to studying and manipulating the enteric microbiome to improve autism symptoms
Frye, R. E., Slattery, J. M., MacFabe, D. F., Allen‐Vercoe, E., Parker, W., Rodakis, J., Adams, J. B., Krajmalnik‐Brown, R., Bolte, E. R., Kahler, S. G., et al. (2015) · Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease · doi:10.3402/mehd.v26.26878 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationl-Carnitine supplementation improves the behavioral symptoms in autistic children
Fahmy, S., El‐Hamamsy, M., Zaki, O. K., & Badary, O. A. (2012) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2012.07.006 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Adams, M. C., Lucock, M. D., STUART, J. E., Fardell, S., Baker, K., & Ng, X. (2007) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2007.05.025 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Metabolite Biomarkers in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Wang, L., Conlon, M. A., Christophersen, C. T., Sorich, M. J., & Angley, M. T. (2014) · Biomarkers in Medicine · doi:10.2217/bmm.14.12 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Medically refractory epilepsy in autism
Sansa, G., Carlson, C., Doyle, W., Weiner, H. L., Bluvstein, J., Barr, W., & Devinsky, O. (2011) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03069.x · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Metabolic effects of sapropterin treatment in autism spectrum disorder: a preliminary study
Frye, R. E., DeLaTorre, R., Taylor, H., Slattery, J. M., Melnyk, S., Chowdhury, N., & James, S. J. (2013) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2013.14 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationGuo, T., Chen, H., Liu, B., Ji, W., & Yang, C. (2012) · Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers · doi:10.1089/gtmb.2012.0091 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Serum anti-nuclear antibodies as a marker of autoimmunity in egyptian autistic children
Mostafa, G. A., & Kitchener, N. (2009) · Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2008.10.017 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Oxidative stress induces mitochondrial dysfunction in a subset of autistic lymphoblastoid cell lines
Rose, S., Frye, R. E., Slattery, J. M., Wynne, R. A., Tippett, M., Melnyk, S., & James, S. J. (2014) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2014.15 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [109]Frye RE Rossignol D Metabolic disorders and abnormalities associated with autism spectrum disorder J Pediatr Biochem 2012 2 181 91 PMC4073259 25019065
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The role of probiotics in children with autism spectrum disorder: A prospective, open-label study
Shaaban, S. Y., El Gendy, Y. G., Mehanna, N. S., El-Senousy, W. M., El-Feki, H. S. A., Saad, K., & El-Asheer, O. M. (2018) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/1028415x.2017.1347746 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Butyrate enhances mitochondrial function during oxidative stress in cell lines from boys with autism
Rose, S., Bennuri, S. C., Davis, J. E., Wynne, R., Slattery, J. C., Tippett, M., Delhey, L., Melnyk, S., Kahler, S. G., MacFabe, D. F., et al. (2018) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-017-0089-z · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Self-citationGastrointestinal Issues and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Madra, M., Ringel, R., & Margolis, K. G. (2020) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2020.02.005 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Rose, S., Bennuri, S. C., Murray, K. F., Buie, T., Winter, H., & Frye, R. E. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0186377 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationYang, X.-L., Liang, S., Zou, M.-Y., Sun, C.-H., Han, P.-P., Jiang, X.-T., Xia, W., & Wu, L.-J. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.10.040 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Feng, P., Zhao, S., Zhang, Y., & Li, E. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1123462 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Coleman, D. M., Adams, J. B., Anderson, A. L., & Frye, R. E. (2019) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2018.0121 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationFrye, R. E., Nankova, B., Bhattacharyya, S., Rose, S., Bennuri, S. C., & MacFabe, D. F. (2017) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01670 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationGut-to-Brain Axis in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Kraneveld, A. D., Szklany, K., de Theije, C. G. M., & Garssen, J. (2016) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2016.09.001 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
- Authors
- Frye, R. E., & Rossignol, D. A.
- Affiliations
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute (US)
- Rossignol Medical Center, Irvine CA, USA.
- Corresponding author
- Frye, Richard E.
- Venue
- Clinical Medicine Insights Pediatrics
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2016-01
- Volume
- 10
- Pages
- 43-56
- ISSN
- 1178-220X (ISSN-L)
- 1179-5565
- PMC
- PMC4910649
- OpenAlex
- W2440939746
- Cited by
- 96
- References
- 275
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 5
- FWCI
- 1.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Clinical Medicine Insights Pediatrics (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, comorbidities, pathophysiology, epilepsy, seizures, neurotransmitter dysfunction, glutamate, acetylcholine, sleep disorders, melatonin, folic acid, vitamin B12, tetrahydrobiopterin, L-carnitine, redox metabolism, mitochondrial metabolism, immune disorders, gastrointestinal diseases, gut microbiota, behavior therapy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
