CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 610

Neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury: Opportunities for therapeutic intervention

Kumar, Alok, Loane, David J.·2012·Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
DOI 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.06.008
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, yet despite extensive efforts to develop neuroprotective therapies for this devastating disorder there have been no successful outcomes in human clinical trials to date. Following the primary mechanical insult TBI results in delayed secondary injury events due to neurochemical, metabolic and cellular changes that account for many of the neurological deficits observed after TBI. The development of secondary injury represents a window of opportunity for therapeutic intervention to prevent progressive tissue damage and loss of function after injury. To establish effective neuroprotective treatments for TBI it is essential to fully understand the complex cellular and molecular events that contribute to secondary injury. Neuroinflammation is well established as a key secondary injury mechanism after TBI, and it has been long considered to contribute to the damage sustained following brain injury. However, experimental and clinical research indicates that neuroinflammation after TBI can have both detrimental and beneficial effects, and these likely differ in the acute and delayed phases after injury. The key to developing future anti-inflammatory based neuroprotective treatments for TBI is to minimize the detrimental and neurotoxic effects of neuroinflammation while promoting the beneficial and neurotrophic effects, thereby creating optimal conditions for regeneration and repair aft…

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.06.008

Cites

18 of 18 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Traumatic brain injuries and head traumas are associated with neuroinflammation, which can persist for decades following the initial incident.

    “Additionally, TBIs and head traumas are associated with neuroinflammation, which can persist for decades following the initial incident [51,52,53].”

    From Head Injury and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Population-Based Study from the National ALS Registry (2025) · cites this paper as [53]

  • Since the impacts of a severe head injury can be sustained for years after the incident, the effects of a head injury received at a younger age may not appear until later stages of life.

    “Since the impacts of a severe head injury can be sustained for years after the incident, the effects of a head injury received at a younger age may not appear until later stages of life [51,52,53].”

    From Head Injury and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Population-Based Study from the National ALS Registry (2025) · cites this paper as [53]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Kumar, A., & Loane, D. J.
Venue
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2012-11
Volume
26
Issue
8
Pages
1191-1201
ISSN
0889-1591
DOI
10.1016/j.bbi.2012.06.008
Cited by
610
References
18
Language
en
Licence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review