HMGB1: A Common Biomarker and Potential Target for TBI, Neuroinflammation, Epilepsy, and Cognitive Dysfunction

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Advances in the Potential Biomarkers of Epilepsy

Kobylarek, D., Iwanowski, P. S., Lewandowska, Z., Limphaibool, N., Szafranek, S., Labrzycka, A., & Kozubski, W. P. (2019) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00685 · Cited by 153 · see citing works

Endothelial cell ferroptosis mediates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats by modulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation

Xie, S., Deng, Y., Guo, S., Li, J., Zhou, Y.-C., Liao, J., Wu, D., & Lan, W. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-06848-7 · Cited by 150 · see citing works

Crosstalk between neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in epilepsy

Fabisiak, T., & Patel, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.976953 · Cited by 142 · see citing works

Neuroinflammation in epileptogenesis: from pathophysiology to therapeutic strategies

Li, W., Wu, J., Zeng, Y., & Zheng, W. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1269241 · Cited by 141 · see citing works

Modulating neuroinflammation and oxidative stress to prevent epilepsy and improve outcomes after traumatic brain injury

Eastman, C. L., D’Ambrosio, R., & Ganesh, T. (2019) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107907 · Cited by 137 · see citing works

Neuroinflammation in neurological disorders: pharmacotherapeutic targets from bench to bedside

Mishra, A., Bandopadhyay, R., Singh, P. K., Mishra, P. S., Sharma, N., & Khurana, N. (2021) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-021-00806-4 · Cited by 132 · see citing works

Neuroinflammation as an etiological trigger for depression comorbid with inflammatory bowel disease

Craig, C. F., Filippone, R. T., Stavely, R., Bornstein, J. C., Apostolopoulos, V., & Nurgali, K. (2022) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-021-02354-1 · Cited by 124 · see citing works

High Mobility Group Box-1 and Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption

Nishibori, M., Wang, D., Ousaka, D., & Wake, H. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9122650 · Cited by 127 · see citing works

Understanding the Role of SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a in Viral Pathogenesis and COVID-19

Zhang, J., Ejikemeuwa, A., Gerzanich, V., Nasr, M., Tang, Q., Simard, J. M., & Zhao, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.854567 · Cited by 125 · see citing works

An open label, non-randomized study assessing a prebiotic fiber intervention in a small cohort of Parkinson’s disease participants

Hall, D. A., Voigt, R. M., Cantu-Jungles, T. M., Hamaker, B., Engen, P. A., Shaikh, M., Raeisi, S., Green, S. J., Naqib, A., Forsyth, C. B., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-36497-x · Cited by 124 · see citing works

Senescence, brain inflammation, and oligomeric tau drive cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease: Evidence from clinical and preclinical studies

Gaikwad, S., Senapati, S., Haque, M. A., & Kayed, R. (2024) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13490 · Cited by 117 · see citing works

Anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody therapy for a wide range of CNS and PNS diseases

Nishibori, M., Mori, S., & Takahashi, H. K. (2019) · Journal of Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jphs.2019.04.006 · Cited by 106 · see citing works

Potential Neuroprotective Effect of the HMGB1 Inhibitor Glycyrrhizin in Neurological Disorders

Paudel, Y. N., Angelopoulou, E., Semple, B. D., Piperi, C., Othman, I., & Shaikh, M. F. (2020) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00640 · Cited by 105 · see citing works

SIRT1-regulated HMGB1 release is partially involved in TLR4 signal transduction: A possible anti-neuroinflammatory mechanism of resveratrol in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury

Le, K., Chibaatar, E., Wu, S., Qian, F., Ali, A. I., Yu, D., & Guo, Y. (2019) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105779 · Cited by 104 · see citing works

VX765 Attenuates Pyroptosis and HMGB1/TLR4/NF- κ B Pathways to Improve Functional Outcomes in TBI Mice

Sun, Z., Nyanzu, M. K., Yang, S., Zhu, X., Wang, K., Ru, J., Yu, E., Zhang, H., Wang, Z., Shen, J. M., et al. (2020) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2020/7879629 · Cited by 103 · see citing works

Ferroptosis and traumatic brain injury

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HMGB‐1, TLR4, IL‐1R1, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β: novel epilepsy markers?

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Pregabalin mitigates microglial activation and neuronal injury by inhibiting HMGB1 signaling pathway in radiation-induced brain injury

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High mobility group box 1 ( HMGB 1) as a novel frontier in epileptogenesis: from pathogenesis to therapeutic approaches

Paudel, Y. N., Semple, B. D., Jones, N. C., Othman, I., & Shaikh, M. F. (2019) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.14663 · Cited by 92 · see citing works

Reactive gliosis in traumatic brain injury: a comprehensive review

Amlerova, Z., Chmelová, M., Anděrová, M., & Vargová, L. (2024) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2024.1335849 · Cited by 86 · see citing works

The Effect and Regulatory Mechanism of High Mobility Group Box-1 Protein on Immune Cells in Inflammatory Diseases

Ge, Y., Huang, M., & Yao, Y.-M. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10051044 · Cited by 83 · see citing works

An Update on Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction Following Cardiac Surgery

Vu, T., & Smith, J. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.884907 · Cited by 76 · see citing works

Microglial polarization in TBI: Signaling pathways and influencing pharmaceuticals

Li, Y., Ren, X., Zhang, L., Wang, Y., & Chen, T. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.901117 · Cited by 76 · see citing works

Detrimental Effects of HMGB-1 Require Microglial-Astroglial Interaction: Implications for the Status Epilepticus -Induced Neuroinflammation

Rosciszewski, G., Cadena, V., Auzmendi, J., Cieri, M. B., Lukin, J., Rossi, A. R., Murta, V., Villarreal, A., Reinés, A. G., Gomes, F. C. A., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2019.00380 · Cited by 74 · see citing works

Role of HMGB1/TLR4 and IL-1β/IL-1R1 Signaling Pathways in Epilepsy

Zhang, S., Chen, F., Zhai, F., & Liang, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.904225 · Cited by 74 · see citing works

Modulating inflammatory macrophages with an apoptotic body-inspired nanoparticle.

Kraynak, C., Yan, D. J., & Suggs, L. (2020) · Acta Biomaterialia · doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.041 · Cited by 68 · see citing works

Post-Translational Modification of HMGB1 Disulfide Bonds in Stimulating and Inhibiting Inflammation

Andersson, J., Tracey, K. J., & Yang, H. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10123323 · Cited by 73 · see citing works

C‐phycocyanin protects against ethanol‐induced gastric ulcers in rats: Role of HMGB1/NLRP3/NF‐κB pathway

Alzokaky, A. A., El-Kader, E. M. A., El‐Dessouki, A. M., Khaleel, S. A., & Raslan, N. A. (2020) · Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology · doi:10.1111/bcpt.13415 · Cited by 70 · see citing works

HMGB1 in nervous system diseases: A common biomarker and potential therapeutic target

Mao, D., Yuan, Z., Xu, F., Han, X., & Zhao, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.1029891 · Cited by 70 · see citing works

Neuroinflammation Treatment via Targeted Delivery of Nanoparticles

Cerqueira, S. R., Ayad, N. G., & Lee, J. K. (2020) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2020.576037 · Cited by 67 · see citing works

Sex-specific cognitive deficits following space radiation exposure

Parihar, V. K., Angulo, M. C., Allen, B. D., Syage, A., Usmani, M. T., Passerat de la Chapelle, E., Amin, A. N., Flores, L., Lin, X., Giedzinski, E., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2020.535885 · Cited by 67 · see citing works

Pharmacological modulation of cytokines correlating neuroinflammatory cascades in epileptogenesis

Vishwakarma, S., Singh, S., & Singh, T. G. (2021) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-021-06896-8 · Cited by 66 · see citing works

High Mobility Group Box 1 in Human Cancer

Rapoport, B. L., Steel, H. C., Theron, A. J., Heyman, L., Smit, T., Ramdas, Y., & Anderson, R. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9071664 · Cited by 64 · see citing works

Hydroxychloroquine attenuates neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway

HU, J. L., Wang, X., Chen, X., Fang, Y., Chen, K., Peng, W., Wang, Z., Guo, K., Tan, X., Liang, F., et al. (2022) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-022-02430-0 · Cited by 63 · see citing works

Role of Innate Immune Receptor TLR4 and its endogenous ligands in epileptogenesis

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HMGB1 mediates cognitive impairment caused by the NLRP3 inflammasome in the late stage of traumatic brain injury

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Neuroinflammatory Biomarkers for Traumatic Brain Injury Diagnosis and Prognosis: A TRACK-TBI Pilot Study

Yue, J. K., Kobeissy, F. H., Jain, S., Sun, X., Phelps, R. R. L., Korley, F. K., Gardner, R. C., Ferguson, A. R., Huie, J. R., Schneider, A. L. C., et al. (2023) · Neurotrauma Reports · doi:10.1089/neur.2022.0060 · Cited by 58 · see citing works

Astrocytes, reactive astrogliosis, and glial scar formation in traumatic brain injury

Cieri, M. B., & Ramos, A. J. (2024) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-02091 · Cited by 58 · see citing works

Effects of Diabetes Mellitus-Related Dysglycemia on the Functions of Blood–Brain Barrier and the Risk of Dementia

Wątroba, M., Grabowska, A. D., & Szukiewicz, D. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241210069 · Cited by 60 · see citing works

Potential neurotoxic activity of diverse molecules released by microglia

Lindhout, I. A., Murray, T. E., Richards, C. M., & Klegeris, A. (2021) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105117 · Cited by 56 · see citing works

Targeting Inflammatory Mediators in Epilepsy: A Systematic Review of Its Molecular Basis and Clinical Applications

Costagliola, G., Depietri, G., Michev, A., Riva, A., Foiadelli, T., Savasta, S., Bonuccelli, A., Peroni, D. G., Consolini, R., Marseglia, G. L., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.741244 · Cited by 55 · see citing works

Genome-wide microRNA profiling of plasma from three different animal models identifies biomarkers of temporal lobe epilepsy

Brennan, G. P., Bauer, S., Engel, T., Jimenez-Mateos, E. M., Gallo, F. D., Hill, T. D. M., Connolly, N. M. C., Costard, L. S., Neubert, V., Salvetti, B., et al. (2020) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105048 · Cited by 54 · see citing works

Dual roles of anesthetics in postoperative cognitive dysfunction: Regulation of microglial activation through inflammatory signaling pathways

Zhang, M., & Yin, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1102312 · Cited by 54 · see citing works

HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4 axis and glutamate as novel targets for PCSK9 inhibitor in high fat cholesterol diet induced cognitive impairment and amyloidosis

Abuelezz, S. A., & Hendawy, N. (2021) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119310 · Cited by 50 · see citing works

Embelin Prevents Seizure and Associated Cognitive Impairments in a Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Kindling Zebrafish Model

Kundap, U. P., Paudel, Y. N., Kumari, Y., Othman, I., & Shaikh, M. F. (2019) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.00315 · Cited by 50 · see citing works

High mobility group box-1 mediates hippocampal inflammation and contributes to cognitive deficits in high-fat high-fructose diet-induced obese rats

Yu, M., Huang, H., Dong, S., Sha, H., Wei, W., & Liu, C. (2019) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2019.08.007 · Cited by 50 · see citing works

Effects of mango and mint pod-based e-cigarette aerosol inhalation on inflammatory states of the brain, lung, heart, and colon in mice

Moshensky, A., Brand, C. S., Alhaddad, H., Shin, J., Masso-Silva, J. A., Advani, I., Gunge, D., Sharma, A., Mehta, S., Jahan, A., et al. (2022) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.67621 · Cited by 49 · see citing works

High-Mobility Group Box 1 Contributes to Cerebral Cortex Injury in a Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Rat Model by Regulating the Phenotypic Polarization of Microglia

Sun, Y., Hei, M., Fang, Z., Tang, Z., Wang, B., & Hu, N. (2019) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2019.00506 · Cited by 49 · see citing works

Inhibition of APE1/Ref-1 Redox Signaling Alleviates Intestinal Dysfunction and Damage to Myenteric Neurons in a Mouse Model of Spontaneous Chronic Colitis

Sahakian, L., Filippone, R. T., Stavely, R. G., Robinson, A. M., Yan, X., Abalo, R., Eri, R. D., Bornstein, J. C., Kelley, M. R., & Nurgali, K. (2020) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1093/ibd/izaa161 · Cited by 46 · see citing works

Enlightening the neuroprotective effect of quercetin in epilepsy: From mechanism to therapeutic opportunities

Akyüz, E., Paudel, Y. N., Polat, A. K., Dundar, H. E., & Angelopoulou, E. (2021) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107701 · Cited by 47 · see citing works

Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus: Prognosis and Recent Advances in Management

Kirmani, B. F., Au, K., Ayari, L., John, M., Shetty, P. A., & DeLorenzo, R. J. (2021) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2021.0302 · Cited by 49 · see citing works

Inhibition of A1 Astrocytes and Activation of A2 Astrocytes for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury

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The role of high mobility group box 1 in neuroinflammatory related diseases

Mo, J., Hu, J., & Cheng, X. (2023) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114541 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

SYVN1 attenuates ferroptosis and alleviates spinal cord ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats by regulating the HMGB1/NRF2/HO-1 axis

Guo, L., Zhang, D., Ren, X., & Liu, D. (2023) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110802 · Cited by 43 · see citing works

Emerging perspectives on mitochondrial dysfunctioning and inflammation in epileptogenesis

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HMGB1-RAGE Signaling Plays a Role in Organic Dust-Induced Microglial Activation and Neuroinflammation

Massey, N., Puttachary, S., Bhat, S. M., Kanthasamy, A. G., & Charavaryamath, C. (2019) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfz071 · Cited by 41 · see citing works

Potential neurotoxic activity of diverse molecules released by astrocytes

Murray, T. E., Richards, C. M., Robert-Gostlin, V. N., Bernath, A. K., Lindhout, I. A., & Klegeris, A. (2022) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.08.015 · Cited by 40 · see citing works

The Pathway of Let-7a-1/2-3p and HMGB1 Mediated Dexmedetomidine Inhibiting Microglia Activation in Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Mice

Na, H. S. T., Ming, N., Meng, Q., & Xia, Z. (2019) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-019-01338-4 · Cited by 41 · see citing works

HMGB1 signaling pathway in diabetes-related dementia: Blood-brain barrier breakdown, brain insulin resistance, and Aβ accumulation

Jeong, J., Lee, D. H., & Song, J. (2022) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112933 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

Novel Approaches for Omega-3 Fatty Acid Therapeutics: Chronic Versus Acute Administration to Protect Heart, Brain, and Spinal Cord

Zirpoli, H., Chang, C. L., Carpentier, Y., Michael-Titus, A. T., Ten, V. S., & Deckelbaum, R. J. (2020) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-082018-124539 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

Targeting HMGB1 inhibits T-2 toxin-induced neurotoxicity via regulation of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis

Pei, X., Jiang, H., Liu, X., Li, L., Li, C., Xiao, X., Li, D., & Tang, S. (2021) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2021.112134 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

Gestational exposure to PM2.5 leads to cognitive dysfunction in mice offspring via promoting HMGB1-NLRP3 axis mediated hippocampal inflammation

Zhang, T., Sun, L., Wang, T., Liu, C., Zhang, H., Zhang, C. M., & Yu, L. (2021) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112617 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

Decoding mechanisms and protein markers in lung-brain axis

Huang, S., Zhou, Y., Ji, H., Zhang, T., Liu, S., Ma, L., Deng, D., Ding, Y., Han, L., Shu, S., et al. (2025) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/s12931-025-03272-z · Cited by 36 · see citing works

Vesicular HMGB1 release from neurons stressed with spreading depolarization enables confined inflammatory signaling to astrocytes

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Neuroprotective Effect of Dioscin on the Aging Brain

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Neutrophil extracellular traps promote scar formation in post-epidural fibrosis

Jin, Z., Sun, J., Song, Z., Chen, K., Nicolas, Y. S. M., Rupesh, K. C., Ma, Q., Liu, J., & Zhang, M. (2020) · npj Regenerative Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41536-020-00103-1 · Cited by 36 · see citing works

Potential effects of HMGB1 on viral replication and virus infection-induced inflammatory responses: A promising therapeutic target for virus infection-induced inflammatory diseases

Ding, X., Li, S., & Zhu, L. (2021) · Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.08.003 · Cited by 34 · see citing works

Stroke promotes the development of brain atrophy and delayed cell death in hypertensive rats

Sayed, M. A., Eldahshan, W., Abdelbary, M. A., Pillai, B. A., Althomali, W., Johnson, M. H., Arbab, A. S., Ergul, A., & Fagan, S. C. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-75450-6 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

The NF-κB pathway: Key players in neurocognitive functions and related disorders

Yang, D., Su, J., Chen, Y., & Chen, G. (2024) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.177038 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

Pilocarpine Induced Behavioral and Biochemical Alterations in Chronic Seizure-Like Condition in Adult Zebrafish

Paudel, Y. N., Kumari, Y., Abidin, S. A. Z., Othman, I., & Shaikh, M. F. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21072492 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

Implication of HMGB1 signaling pathways in Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): From molecular mechanisms to pre-clinical results

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Potential Role of Extracellular CIRP in Alcohol-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease

Sharma, A., Brenner, M., & Wang, P. (2020) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-020-02075-1 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

The polypeptide antibiotic polymyxin B acts as a pro-inflammatory irritant by preferentially targeting macrophages

Kagi, T., Naganuma, R., Inoue, A., Noguchi, T., Hamano, S., Sekiguchi, Y., Hwang, G., Hirata, Y., & Matsuzawa, A. (2021) · The Journal of Antibiotics · doi:10.1038/s41429-021-00490-7 · Cited by 29 · see citing works

Elevated Blood-Based Brain Biomarker Levels in Patients with Epileptic Seizures: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

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Neuroprotective effects of intraoperative dexmedetomidine versus saline infusion combined with goal-directed haemodynamic therapy for patients undergoing cranial surgery

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CSF high-mobility group box 1 is associated with drug-resistance and symptomatic etiology in adult patients with epilepsy

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Potential clinical and biochemical markers for the prediction of drug-resistant epilepsy: A literature review

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The Role of High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) in Neurodegeneration: A Systematic Review

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Embelin Protects Against Acute Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures and Positively Modulates Cognitive Function in Adult Zebrafish

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TAK-242 ameliorates olfactory dysfunction in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis by inhibiting neuroinflammation in the olfactory bulb

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HMGB1, neuronal excitability and epilepsy

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HMGB1 augments cognitive impairment in sepsis‐associated encephalopathy by binding to MD ‐2 and promoting NLRP3 ‐induced neuroinflammation

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Electroacupuncture Reduces Fibromyalgia Pain by Attenuating the HMGB1, S100B, and TRPV1 Signalling Pathways in the Mouse Brain

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Roles of Fatty Acids in Microglial Polarization: Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies on Neurodegenerative Diseases

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High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) crosses the BBB bidirectionally

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