Ontogeny of fear-, anxiety- and depression-related behavior across adolescence in C57BL/6J mice
Open accessAbstract
Adolescence is characterized by behavioral traits such as emotional lability and impulsivity that are associated with increased vulnerability to affective illness and addictions. Research in rodents has found that adolescent rats and mice differ from adults on measures of anxiety-like behavior, novelty seeking and stress-responsivity. The present study sought to extend these data by evaluating fear-, anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in male C57BL/6J mice aged four (early adolescent), six (peri-adolescent) or eight (early adult) weeks of age. Age groups were compared on: Pavlovian fear conditioning and extinction, anxiety-like behavior and exploratory locomotion (using elevated plus-maze and novel open field), and depression-related behavior (via forced swim test). Results showed that early adolescent mice exhibited enhanced fear conditioning, but extinguished at a similar rate as adults. There were no major differences in anxiety-like behavior across age groups, although early adolescent and peri-adolescent mice exhibited less exploratory locomotion than adults. Depression-related immobility behavior in the forced swim test was lower in early adolescents than adult mice across three test exposures. Present findings in the C57BL/6J inbred strain add to growing evidence of changes in rodent fear- and stress-related behaviors across the developmental transition from juvenility through adulthood. Understanding the neural basis of these ontogenic changes could provide insight into the pathogenesis and treatment of affective disorders that have their origins in adolescence.
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The Hefner and Holmes study only examined within-session extinction.
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From Impaired Extinction Retention in Adolescent Rats: Effects of D-Cycloserine (2010) · cites this paper as Hefner and Holmes, 2007
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- Authors
- HEFNER, K., & HOLMES, A.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- HOLMES, A
- ORCID
- HEFNER, K
- Venue
- Behavioural Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-01-25
- Volume
- 176
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 210-215
- ISSN
- 0166-4328 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC1831838
- OpenAlex
- W2028299419
- Cited by
- 183
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 4.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Behavioural Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (Z01AA000411)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- adolescence, ontogeny, fear conditioning, fear extinction, anxiety-like behavior, exploratory locomotion, forced swim test, C57BL/6J mice, stress responsiveness, mood disorders, developmental transitions
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Anxiety, Behavior, Animal, Conditioning, Classical, Depression, Exploratory Behavior, Extinction, Psychological, Fear, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Phenotype, Swimming, Maze Learning, Mice
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