Cited by 110Polymer Surface Interaction StudiesImmune cells in cancerBone Tissue Engineering Materials

Phenotypic dichotomies in the foreign body reaction

Open access
Anderson, James M., Jones, Jacqueline A.·2007·Biomaterials

Abstract

To better understand the relationship between macrophage/foreign body giant cell adhesion and activation on surface-modified biomaterials, quantitative assessment of adherent cell density (cells per mm(2)) and cytokine production (pgs per mL) were determined by ELISA. Further analysis to identify cellular activation was carried out by normalizing the cytokine concentration data to provide a measure of cellular activation. This method of analysis demonstrated that hydrophobic surfaces provided statistically significantly greater adherent cell densities than hydrophilic/neutral surfaces. However, when cell activation parameters were determined by normalization to the adherent cell density, the hydrophilic/neutral surfaces demonstrated statistically significantly greater levels of activation and production of IL-10, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and MIP-1beta. With increasing time, production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased, whereas IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8 decreased and MIP-1beta was relatively constant over the culture time period. This observed dichotomy or disparity between adhesion and activation may be related to surface-induced adherent cell apoptosis. Further evaluation of macrophage activation on biomaterial surfaces indicated that an apparent phenotypic switch in macrophage phenotype occurred over the course of the in vitro culture. Analysis of cytokine/chemokine profiles with surface-modified biomaterials revealed similarities between the classically activated macrophages and the biomaterial-adherent macrophages early (day 3) in culture, while at later timepoints the biomaterial-adherent macrophages produced profiles similar to alternatively activated macrophages. Classically activated macrophages are those commonly activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and alternatively activated macrophages are those activated by IL-4/IL-13 or IL-10. Surface modification of biomaterials offer an opportunity to control cellular activation and cytokine profiles in the phenotypic switch, and may provide a means by which macrophages can be induced to regulate particular secretory proteins that direct inflammation, the foreign body reaction, wound healing, and ultimately biocompatibility.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.07.010

Cites

22 of 22 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Anderson, J. M., & Jones, J. A.
Affiliations
Case Western Reserve University (US)
Corresponding author
Anderson, James M.
Venue
Biomaterials
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2007-12
Volume
28
Issue
34
Pages
5114-5120
ISSN
0142-9612 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2023878656
Cited by
110
References
22
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
FWCI
3.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Biomaterials (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R01EB000279, R37EB000275, EB 000275, R01EB000282, R01EB000275)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › Polymer Surface Interaction Studies
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
Keywords
foreign body reaction, macrophage activation, foreign body giant cells, hydrophobic surfaces, hydrophilic surfaces, cytokine production, IL-10, M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, macrophage phenotype switching, cell adhesion, biocompatibility, wound healing
MeSH terms
Animals, Biocompatible Materials, Cell Adhesion, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Foreign-Body Reaction, Humans, Macrophage Activation, Macrophages, Materials Testing, Monocytes, Phenotype, Wound Healing, Giant Cells, Giant Cells, Foreign-Body, Cytokines

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review