Twenty-four-hour cortisol secretion patterns in prepubertal children with anxiety or depressive disorders
Abstract
Background Previous studies found few abnormalities in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function in prepubertal children with anxiety or depressive disorders. In this study, we combined data from two independent, consecutive studies to achieve a larger sample size. Our goal was to identify potential alterations in the circadian pattern of cortisol secretion in anxious or depressed children.Methods A total of 124 prepubertal subjects from two independent samples (76 with major depressive disorder, 31 with anxiety disorders, and 17 healthy control subjects) were studied. Blood samples collected for cortisol at hourly intervals over a 24-hour period were examined. Analyses were performed aligning cortisol samples by clock-time. Additional analyses aligning samples by sleep-onset time were performed with a subsample of subjects.Results In the combined sample, significant findings emerged that were previously undetected. Anxious children exhibited significantly lower nighttime cortisol levels and an initially sluggish rise in cortisol during the nighttime when compared with depressed and healthy control children. In contrast, depressed children did not show a clear-cut pattern of differences compared with healthy control children.Conclusions Anxious children seem to exhibit an altered pattern of nighttime cortisol secretion, with an initially sluggish or delayed nocturnal rise before reaching similar peak levels of cortisol near the time of awakening. These findings suggest subtle alterations in HPA axis function in prepubertal children with anxiety disorders.
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Non-maltreated children with early-onset depression rarely show HPA regulatory dysfunction.
“Non-maltreated children with early onset depression rarely display evidence of regulatory dysfunction of the HPA axis”
From The Differential Impacts of Early Physical and Sexual Abuse and Internalizing Problems on Daytime Cortisol Rhythm in School-Aged Children (2010) · cites this paper as Feder, Coplan, Goetz, Mathew, Pine, Dahl, Ryan, Greenwald, & Weissman, 2004
Depressed children without early abuse seldom show cortisol dysregulation.
“because cortisol dysregulation rarely occurs in depressed children who did not experience abuse early in life (Feder et al., 2004)”
From The Differential Impacts of Early Physical and Sexual Abuse and Internalizing Problems on Daytime Cortisol Rhythm in School-Aged Children (2010) · cites this paper as Feder et al., 2004
Childhood depression with and without early abuse may differ in causal processes and neurobiological features.
“childhood depression without early physical or sexual abuse may be caused by different processes and have different neurobiological features than childhood depression with early abuse.”
From The Differential Impacts of Early Physical and Sexual Abuse and Internalizing Problems on Daytime Cortisol Rhythm in School-Aged Children (2010) · cites this paper as Feder et al., 2004
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- Authors
- Feder, A., Coplan, J. D., Goetz, R. R., Mathew, S. J., Pine, D. S., Dahl, R. E., Ryan, N. D., Greenwald†, S., & Weissman, M. M.
- Affiliations
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- State University of New York (US)
- National Institute of Mental Health (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Feder, Adriana
- ORCID
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-08
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 198-204
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2017538352
- Cited by
- 103
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH50666)
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Keywords
- cortisol secretion, circadian rhythm, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, prepubertal children, childhood anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, sleep latency
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Anxiety, Child, Circadian Rhythm, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Radioimmunoassay, Time Factors, Chi-Square Distribution, Area Under Curve
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