Ovarian hormones and borderline personality disorder features: preliminary evidence for interactive effects of estradiol and progesterone
Open accessAbstract
Cyclical fluctuations in the ovarian hormones 17β-estradiol (E2; estrogen) and progesterone (P4) predict emotions, cognitive processes, and behaviors relevant to Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD); however, there are individual differences in sensitivity to normal hormone shifts. This study examined associations of naturally occurring hormonal changes with concurrent BPD feature expression. Forty women sampled for a flat distribution of the PAI-BOR (n=10 where T<50, n=10 where 50<T<60, n=10 where 60<T<70, and n=10 where T>70) provided four weekly saliva samples and psychological assessments. Across most outcomes (e.g., BPD features, felt rejection, anger rumination, negative urgency) P4 deviation (from one's person mean) moderated the effect of current E2 deviation (from one's person mean) among women high (+1 SD) in trait BPD features such that E2 deviation was negatively associated with symptoms only when P4 was higher-than-usual. Cyclical hormone changes (e.g., higher P4 in the luteal phase; E2 fluctuations at ovulation and in the luteal phase) may impact BPD feature expression among at-risk women.
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Negative Urgency may be related to fluctuations in estradiol and progesterone through its links with affect.
“with Negative Urgency potentially related to fluctuations in E2 and P4 through its links with affect (Eisenlohr-Moul et al., 2015).”
From Reproductive steroids and ADHD symptoms across the menstrual cycle (2018) · cites this paper as Eisenlohr-Moul et al., 2015
This work replicates antagonistic effects of estradiol and progesterone in externalizing disorders.
“Our work replicates antagonistic effects of E2 and P4 in externalizing disorders (Eisenlohr-Moul et al., 2015; Klump et al., 2008; 2013; Singh, Su, & Ng, 2013) and is the first to indicate an antagonistic relationship of E2 and T.”
From Reproductive steroids and ADHD symptoms across the menstrual cycle (2018) · cites this paper as Eisenlohr-Moul et al., 2015
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Flagged first, then by citations
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Sorted by citations
Psychiatric Symptoms Across the Menstrual Cycle in Adult Women: A Comprehensive Review
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Reproductive steroids and ADHD symptoms across the menstrual cycle
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Self-citationThe psychology of puberty: What aren’t we studying that we should?
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- Authors
- Eisenlohr-Moul, T. A., DeWall, C. N., Girdler, S. S., & Segerstrom, S. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Kentucky (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Eisenlohr-Moul, Tory A.
- Venue
- Biological Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-07
- Volume
- 109
- Pages
- 37-52
- ISSN
- 0301-0511 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4516641
- OpenAlex
- W2029022759
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 126
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 7.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biological Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH093315)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA005312)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1RR033173, UL1TR000117)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Keywords
- borderline personality disorder, estradiol, progesterone, ovarian hormones, menstrual cycle, moderated effects, women, anger rumination, negative urgency, borderline personality traits
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Borderline Personality Disorder, Estradiol, Female, Humans, Menstrual Cycle, Personality Inventory, Progesterone, Saliva, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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