The looming storm: Blood and cytokines in COVID-19
Open accessAbstract
A novel coronavirus termed as COVID-19 by WHO has been the causative agent of an unprecedented pandemic in the history of humanity. The global burden of mortality and morbidity associated with this pandemic continues to increase with each passing day as it is progressively leading to multiorgan dysfunction. In most cases, the cause of death has been attributed to respiratory failure, sepsis, cardiac failure, kidney injury, or coagulopathy. As more knowledge is being unfolded, an in-depth understanding of various systemic manifestations and complications of SARS-CoV2 is vital for optimum management of these patients. This novel virus is known to spread faster than its two ancestors, the SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), demonstrating a case fatality ranging from 5 to 8% [1]. Hematological abnormalities such as lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated D-Dimer, elevated fibrinogen, elevated fibrinogen degradation products as well as cytokines such as IL-6 are emerging as important prognostic marker for worse outcome of COVID-19. Among various systemic manifestations, hematological complications such as venous thrombosis causing pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis, and arterial thrombosis causing myocardial infarction, strokes or limb ischemia are being noted to be directly linked to high mortality from COVID-19. An attempt to understand the pathophysiology of various hematological abnormalities including cytokine storm, hypercoagulable state and some rare presentations of this disease hence becomes imperative. Through this review, we aim to provide an up-to-date summary of current evidence-based literature of hematological manifestations, their consequences and management including role of anticoagulation and drugs targeting cytokine storm in patients with SARS-CoV-2.
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Ciências da Saúde: desafios, perspectivas e possibilidades - Volume 1
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Effective Focusing of Radiation in the Medium Non-Linear Dielectric Film
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Silent Speech Recognition for BCI - A Review
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Mesenteric Thrombosis in Patients with Coronavirus Disease
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SÍNDROME DE LIBERAÇÃO DE CITOCINAS DA COVID-19: UMA RESIVÃO DE LITERATURA
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Use of Indomethacin in Patients with COVID-19
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ISQUEMIA MESENTÉRICA AGUDA COMO COMPLICAÇÃO TROMBOEMBÓLICA DA COVID-19: RELATO DE TRÊS CASOS
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PERFIL HEMATO-LABORATORIAL DE PACIENTES COVID-19 NO EXTREMO SUL CATARINENSE/BRASIL
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- Authors
- Kaur, S., Bansal, R., Kollimuttathuillam, S., Gowda, A. M., Singh, B., Mehta, D., & Maroules, M.
- Affiliations
- St. Joseph’s University Medical Center (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Westchester Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kaur, Supreet
- Venue
- Blood Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-03
- Volume
- 46
- Pages
- 100743
- ISSN
- 0268-960X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7431319
- OpenAlex
- W3049196457
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 7
- FWCI
- 1.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Blood Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Touro Scholar (Touro College) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, cytokine storm, hypercoagulability, thrombosis, venous thromboembolism, arterial thrombosis, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, D-dimer, fibrinogen, interleukin-6, anticoagulation, multiple organ failure, prognostic factors
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Blood Coagulation Disorders, Humans, Prognosis, Cytokines
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