Effects of in-scanner bilateral frontal tDCS on functional connectivity of the working memory network in older adults
Open accessAbstract
Working memory is an executive memory process essential for everyday decision-making and problem solving that declines with advanced age. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive form of brain stimulation that has demonstrated potential for improving working memory performance in older adults. However, the neural mechanisms underlying effects of tDCS on working memory are not well understood. This mechanistic study investigated the acute and after-effects of bilateral frontal (F3/F4) tDCS at 2 mA for 12-min on functional connectivity of the working memory network in older adults. We hypothesized active tDCS over sham would increase frontal connectivity during working memory performance. The study used a double-blind within-subject 2 session crossover design. Participants performed an functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) N-Back working memory task before, during, and after active or sham stimulation. Functional connectivity of the working memory network was assessed within and between stimulation conditions (FDR < 0.05). Active tDCS produced a significant increase in functional connectivity between left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and left dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) during stimulation, but not after stimulation. Connectivity did not significantly increase with sham stimulation. In addition, our data demonstrated both state-dependent and time-dependent effects of tDCS working memory network connectivity in older adults. tDCS during working memory performance produces a selective change in functional connectivity of the working memory network in older adults. These data provide important mechanistic insight into the effects of tDCS on brain connectivity in older adults, as well as key methodological considerations for tDCS-working memory studies.
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Post-intervention cognitive gains have been associated with increases in resting-state functional connectivity.
“Finally, post-intervention cognitive gains have been associated with increases in resting-state functional connectivity [36–37], suggesting that this intervention may adaptively modify communication within brain networks vulnerable to aging.”
From Primary outcome from the augmenting cognitive training in older adults study (ACT): A tDCS and cognitive training randomized clinical trial (2023) · cites this paper as [37]
The Analytical Approach says the connectivity analysis captured N-Back task periods, not rest periods. The Results (Post > Baseline) report no significant post-stimulation connectivity increase, and the Discussion says the study found no statistically significant behavioral improvement. The paper therefore does not report the claimed association between post-intervention cognitive gains and increased resting-state connectivity. (LLM, conf=0.89)
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredApplying 2mA to the frontal cortex during an in-scanner working memory task using the F3/F4 montage results in increased functional connectivity between left frontal regions under the cathode during active stimulation in older adults.
“In contrast, applying 2mA to the frontal cortex during an in-scanner working memory task using the F3/F4 montage results in increased functional connectivity between left frontal regions under the cathode during active stimulation in older adults [37].”
From Primary outcome from the augmenting cognitive training in older adults study (ACT): A tDCS and cognitive training randomized clinical trial (2023) · cites this paper as [37]
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The knowledge domain of cognitive neuroscience of aging: A Scientometric and bibliometric analysis
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Impact of electrode selection on modeling tDCS in the aging brain
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Clinical Research and Methodological Aspects for tDCS Research
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- Authors
- Nissim, N. R., O’Shea, A., Indahlastari, A., Telles, R., Richards, L., Porges, E., Cohen, R., & Woods, A. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Florida Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Woods, Adam J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2019-03-15
- Volume
- 11
- Pages
- 51-51
- ISSN
- 1663-4365 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6428720
- OpenAlex
- W2921724998
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 4.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (K01AG05070, R01AG054077)
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Research Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- transcranial direct current stimulation, working memory, older adults, functional connectivity, working memory network, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, n-back task, state-dependent effects, cognitive aging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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