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Structural and enzyme kinetic studies of retrograded starch: Inhibition of α-amylase and consequences for intestinal digestion of starch
Open accessAbstract
Retrograded starch is known to be resistant to digestion. We used enzyme kinetic experiments to examine how retrogradation of starch affects amylolysis catalysed by porcine pancreatic amylase. Parallel studies employing differential scanning calorimetry, infra red spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and NMR spectroscopy were performed to monitor changes in supramolecular structure of gelatinised starch as it becomes retrograded. The total digestible starch and the catalytic efficiency of amylase were both decreased with increasing evidence of retrogradation. A purified sample of retrograded high amylose starch inhibited amylase directly. These new findings demonstrate that amylase binds to retrograded starch. Therefore consumption of retrograded starch may not only be beneficial to health through depletion of total digestible starch, and therefore the metabolisable energy, but may also slow the rate of intestinal digestion through direct inhibition of α-amylase. Such physiological effects have important implications for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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“Type 3 resistant starch (RS3) forms when gelatinized starch is cooled, a process that promotes retrogradation and increases crystalline, enzyme-resistant structures of amylose and amylopectin [8,9,10,11,12].”
From Does Resistant Starch Formed by Cooling Pasta Decrease the Postprandial Glycemic Response in Type 1 Diabetes? A Randomized Single-Blind Crossover Study (2026) · cites this paper as [11]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Patel, H., Royall, P. G., Gaisford, S., Williams, G. R., Edwards, C. H., Warren, F. J., Flanagan, B. M., Ellis, P. R., & Butterworth, P. J.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- UCL School of Pharmacy (GB)
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Butterworth, Peter J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Carbohydrate Polymers
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-05
- Volume
- 164
- Pages
- 154-161
- ISSN
- 0144-8617 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5374268
- OpenAlex
- W2573838612
- Cited by
- 154
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6
- FWCI
- 9.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Carbohydrate Polymers (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- BBSRC (BB/H004866/1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Proteins in Food Systems
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Polysaccharides Composition and Applications
- Keywords
- retrograded starch, starch retrogradation, α-amylase inhibition, starch digestibility, high-amylose starch, type 2 diabetes prevention, cardiovascular disease prevention
- MeSH terms
- alpha-Amylases, Amylose, Animals, Digestion, Kinetics, Starch, Swine
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