PTEN activation contributes to tumor inhibition by trastuzumab, and loss of PTEN predicts trastuzumab resistance in patients
Open accessAbstract
The ErbB2-targeting antibody, trastuzumab (Herceptin), has remarkable therapeutic efficacy in certain patients with ErbB2-overexpressing tumors. The overall trastuzumab response rate, however, is limited and what determines trastuzumab response is poorly understood. Here we report that PTEN activation contributes to trastuzumab's antitumor activity. Trastuzumab treatment quickly increased PTEN membrane localization and phosphatase activity by reducing PTEN tyrosine phosphorylation via Src inhibition. Reducing PTEN in breast cancer cells by antisense oligonucleotides conferred trastuzumab resistance in vitro and in vivo. Patients with PTEN-deficient breast cancers had significantly poorer responses to trastuzumab-based therapy than those with normal PTEN. Thus, PTEN deficiency is a powerful predictor for trastuzumab resistance. Additionally, PI3K inhibitors rescued PTEN loss-induced trastuzumab resistance, suggesting that PI3K-targeting therapies could overcome this resistance.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In one early study in patients with metastatic breast cancer, loss or low levels of PTEN correlated with a lower response to trastuzumab.
“In one early study in patients with metastatic breast cancer, loss or low levels of PTEN correlated with a lower response to trastuzumab (Nagata et al., 2004).”
From ERBB Receptors: From Oncogene Discovery to Basic Science to Mechanism-Based Cancer Therapeutics (2014) · cites this paper as Nagata et al., 2004
Cites
Slamon, D. J., Clark, G. M., Wong, S. G., Levin, W. J., Ullrich, A., & McGuire, W. L. (1987) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3798106 · Cited by 11,760 · see citing works
Slamon, D. J., Leyland-Jones, B., Shak, S., Fuchs, H., Paton, V., Bajamonde, A., Fleming, T., Eiermann, W., Wolter, J., Pegram, M., et al. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200103153441101 · Cited by 11,500 · see citing works
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway
Cantley, L. C. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.296.5573.1655 · Cited by 5,621 · see citing works
Li, J., Yen, C., Liaw, D., Podsypanina, K., Bose, S., Wang, S. I., Puc, J., Miliaresis, C., Rodgers, L., McCombie, R., et al. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.275.5308.1943 · Cited by 4,785 · see citing works
Vogel, C. L., Cobleigh, M., Tripathy, D., Gutheil, J. C., Harris, L. N., Fehrenbacher, L., Slamon, D. J., Murphy, M., Novotny, W. F., Burchmore, M., et al. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.20.3.719 · Cited by 3,240 · see citing works
Cobleigh, M., Vogel, C. L., Tripathy, D., Robert, N. J., Scholl, S., Fehrenbacher, L., Wolter, J. M., Paton, V. E., Shak, S., Lieberman, G., et al. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.1999.17.9.2639 · Cited by 2,767 · see citing works
Cantley, L. C., & Neel, B. G. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.8.4240 · Cited by 2,007 · see citing works
Structure of the extracellular region of HER2 alone and in complex with the Herceptin Fab
Cho, H., Mason, K., Ramyar, K. X., Stanley, A. M., Gabelli, S. B., Denney, D. W., & Leahy, D. J. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01392 · Cited by 1,615 · see citing works
The Multiple Roles of PTEN in Tumor Suppression
Di Cristofano, A., & Pandolfi, P. P. (2000) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80674-1 · Cited by 1,182 · see citing works
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Receptor Signaling and Resistance to Trastuzumab (Herceptin)
Lu, Y., Zi, X., Zhao, Y., Mascarenhas, D. D., & Pollak, M. (2001) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/93.24.1852 · Cited by 884 · see citing works
Petit, A. M. V., Rak, J. W., Hung, M., Rockwell, P., Goldstein, N. I., FENDLY, B. M., & Kerbel, R. S. (1997) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 836 · see citing works
Altered PTEN Expression as a Diagnostic Marker for the Earliest Endometrial Precancers
Mutter, G. L. (2000) · Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/92.11.924 · Cited by 829 · see citing works
THE IMPACT OF NATIONAL CANCER ACT
Holmes, F. A., Walters, R. S., Theriault, R. L., Buzdar, A. U., Frye, D. K., Hortobágyi, G. N., Forman, A. D., Newton, L. K., & Raber, M. N. (1991) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/83.24.1797 · Cited by 796 · see citing works
Molina, M. A., Codony‐Servat, J., Albanell, J., Rojo, F., Arribas, J., & Baselga, J. M. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 766 · see citing works
Hudziak, R. M., Phillips, G. D. L., Winget, M., FENDLY, B. M., Shepard, H. M., & Ullrich, A. (1989) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.9.3.1165-1172.1989 · Cited by 750 · see citing works
Phase II Trial of Taxol, an Active Drug in the Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer
Holmes, F. A., Walters, R. S., Theriault, R. L., Buzdar, A. U., Frye, D., Hortobágyi, G. N., Forman, A. D., Newton, L. K., & Raber, M. N. (1991) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/83.24.1797-a · Cited by 744 · see citing works
Src in cancer: deregulation and consequences for cell behaviour
Frame, M. C. (2002) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer · doi:10.1016/s0304-419x(02)00040-9 · Cited by 682 · see citing works
Tumor Suppressor PTEN Mediates Sensing of Chemoattractant Gradients
Iijima, M., & Devreotes, P. N. (2002) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(02)00745-6 · Cited by 677 · see citing works
Nonclinical studies addressing the mechanism of action of trastuzumab (Herceptin).
Sliwkowski, M. X., Ja, L., Gd, L., Te, H., FENDLY, B. M., & Fox, J. A. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 653 · see citing works
Whang, Y. E., Wu, X., Suzuki, H., Reiter, R. E., Tran, C., Vessella, R. L., SAID, J. W., Isaacs, W. B., & Sawyers, C. L. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.9.5246 · Cited by 639 · see citing works
Yakes, F. M., Chinratanalab, W., Ritter, C. A., King, W., SEELIG, S. A., & Arteaga, C. L. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 611 · see citing works
An inhibitor of mTOR reduces neoplasia and normalizes p70/S6 kinase activity in Pten +/− mice
Podsypanina, K., Lee, R. T., Politis, C., Hennessy, I., Crane, A., Puc, J. A., Neshat, M. S., Wang, H., Yang, L., Gibbons, J., et al. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.171060098 · Cited by 570 · see citing works
Esteva, F. J., Valero, V., Booser, D. J., Guerra, L. T., Murray, J. L., Pusztai, L., Cristofanilli, M., Arun, B., Esmaeli, B., Fritsche, H. A., et al. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2002.07.058 · Cited by 566 · see citing works
Seidman, A. D., Fornier, M. N., Esteva, F. J., Tan, L. K., Kaptain, S., Bach, A. M., Panageas, K. S., Arroyo, C. D., Valero, V., Currie, V. E., et al. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2001.19.10.2587 · Cited by 546 · see citing works
Li, D., & Sun, H. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.26.15406 · Cited by 490 · see citing works
MMAC1/PTEN mutations in primary tumor specimens and tumor cell lines.
Teng, D., Hu, R. H., Lin, H., Davis, T., Iliev, D., Frye, C., Swedlund, B., Hansen, K. L., Vinson, V. L., Gumpper, K. L., et al. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 465 · see citing works
Jacobs, T. W., Gown, A. M., Yaziji, H., Barnes, M. J., & Schnitt, S. J. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.1999.17.7.1983 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Overexpression of ErbB2 in cancer and ErbB2-targeting strategies
Yu, D., & Hung, M. (2000) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203972 · Cited by 431 · see citing works
PTEN: The down side of PI 3-kinase signalling
Leslie, N. R., & Downes, C. P. (2002) · Cellular Signalling · doi:10.1016/s0898-6568(01)00234-0 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Drebin, J. A., Link, V. C., Stern, D. F., Weinberg, R. A., & Greene, M. I. (1985) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(85)80050-7 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Valero, V., Holmes, F. A., Walters, R. S., Theriault, R. L., Esparza, L., Fraschini, G., Fonseca, G. A., Bellet, R. E., Buzdar, A. U., & Hortobágyi, G. N. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.1995.13.12.2886 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Perren, A. A., Weng, L., Boag, A. H., Ziebold, U., Thakore, K. S., Dahia, P. L. M., Komminoth, P., Lees, J. A., Mulligan, L. M., Mutter, G. L., et al. (1999) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65227-3 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
HER-2/neu Blocks Tumor Necrosis Factor-induced Apoptosis via the Akt/NF-κB Pathway
Zhou, B. P., Hu, M. C. ‐., Miller, S. A., Yu, Z., Xia, W., Lin, S., & Hung, M. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.275.11.8027 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Efp targets 14-3-3σ for proteolysis and promotes breast tumour growth
Urano, T., Saito, T., Tsukui, T., Fujita, M., Hosoi, T., Muramatsu, M., Ouchi, Y., & Inoue, S. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature00826 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Yu, D., Jing, T., Liu, B., Yao, J., Tan, M., McDonnell, T. J., & Hung, M. (1998) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80157-4 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Lu, Y., Lin, Y.-Z., LaPushin, R., Cuevas, B. D., Fang, X., Yu, S. X., Davies, M. A., Khan, H., Furui, T., Mao, M., et al. (1999) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203183 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
The tumor-suppressor activity of PTEN is regulated by its carboxyl-terminal region
Georgescu, M.-M., Kirsch, K. H., Akagi, T., Shishido, T., & Hanafusa, H. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.18.10182 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Breast cancer response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy: predictive markers and relation with outcome
Faneyte, I. F., Schrama, J. G., Peterse, J. L., Pl, R., Rodenhuis, S., & van de Vijver, M. J. (2003) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6600749 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Loss of Expression of the PTEN Gene Protein Product Is Associated with Poor Outcome in Breast Cancer
Depowski, P. L., Rosenthal, S. I., & Ross, J. S. (2001) · Modern Pathology · doi:10.1038/modpathol.3880371 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Monoclonal antibody therapy of human cancer: Taking the HER2 protooncogene to the clinic
Shepard, H. M., Phillips, G. D. L., Sarup, J. C., FENDLY, B. M., Maneval, D. C., Mordenti, J. J., Figari, I. S., Kotts, C. E., Palladino, M. A., Ullrich, A., et al. (1991) · Journal of Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1007/bf00918679 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Molecular targets for breast cancer therapy and prevention
Bange, J., Zwick, E., & Ullrich, A. (2001) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/87872 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Wu, Y. L., Dowbenko, D. J., Spencer, S. D., Laura, R. P., Lee, J., Gu, Q., & Lasky, L. A. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m909741199 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Mechanism of action of anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies
Baselga, J., & Albanell, J. (2001) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/12.suppl_1.s35 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Lu, Y., Yu, Q., Liu, J. H., Zhang, J., Wang, H., Koul, D., McMurray, J. S., Fang, X., Yung, W. K. A., Siminovitch, K. A., et al. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m303621200 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Specific Inhibition of PTEN Expression Reverses Hyperglycemia in Diabetic Mice
Butler, M., McKay, R. A., Popoff, I., Gaarde, W. A., Witchell, D. R., Murray, S. F., Dean, N. M., Bhanot, S., & Monia, B. P. (2002) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.4.1028 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Src family kinases and HER2 interactions in human breast cancer cell growth and survival
Jablonski, A. B., Biscardi, J. S., Peavy, D. R., Tice, D. A., Romney, D. A., & Parsons, S. J. (2001) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204205 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Comer, F. I., & Parent, C. A. (2002) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(02)00765-1 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Tan, M., Jing, T., Lan, K., Neal, C. L., Li, P., Lee, S., Fang, D., Nagata, Y., Liu, J., Arlinghaus, R. B., et al. (2002) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(02)00510-5 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Yu, D., Liu, B., Jing, T., Sun, D., Price, J. E., Singletary, S. E., Ibrahim, N., Hortobágyi, G. N., & Hung, M. (1998) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201729 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Chui, X., Egami, H., Yamashita, J., Kurizaki, T., Ohmachi, H., Yamamoto, S., & Ogawa, M. (1996) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.1996.236 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Lee, S., Yang, W., Lan, K., Sellappan, S., Klos, K. S., Hortobágyi, G. N., Hung, M., & Yu, D. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Roles of plakoglobin end domains in desmosome assembly
Palka, H. L., & Green, K. J. (1997) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.110.19.2359 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Peripheral nerve sheath tumors histogenesis, classification, and prognosis
Hajdu, S. I. (1993) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19931215)72:12 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Ignatoski, K. M. W., Maehama, T., Markwart, S. M., Dixon, J. E., Livant, D. L., & Ethier, S. P. (2000) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1054/bjoc.1999.0979 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Xiong, S., Grijalva, R., Zhang, L., Nguyen, N. T., Pisters, P. W. T., Pollock, R. E., & Yu, D. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Parsons, R., & Simpson, L. (2003) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1385/1-59259-328-3:147 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Albanell, J., & Baselga, J. M. (2001) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/93.24.1830 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Muthuswamy, S. K., & Wj, M. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Tan, M., Grijalva, R., & Yu, D. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Koul, D., Jasser, S. A., Lu, Y., Davies, M. A., Shen, R., Shi, Y., Mills, G. B., & Yung, W. A. (2002) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205296 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Koul, D., Jasser, S. A., Lu, Y., et al. (2002) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj/onc/1205296 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Antibodies Stage a Comeback in Cancer Treatment
Dickman, S. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.280.5367.1196 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Src Phosphorylates Grb2-associated Binder 1 upon Hepatocyte Growth Factor Stimulation
Chan, P.-C., Chen, Y., Cheng, C.-H., Yu, K.-C., Cary, L. A., Shu, K., Ho, W. L., & Chen, H. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m305745200 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Monoclonal Antibody Therapy of Human Cancer
Foon, K. A., & Morgan, A. C. (2012) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Frame, M. C. (2002) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
5 of the 70 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cancer drug resistance: an evolving paradigm
Holohan, C., Van Schaeybroeck, S., Longley, D. B., & Johnston, P. G. (2013) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc3599 · Cited by 4,681 · see citing works
ERBB receptors and cancer: the complexity of targeted inhibitors
Hynes, N. E., & Lane, H. A. (2005) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc1609 · Cited by 3,313 · see citing works
EMT, cancer stem cells and drug resistance: an emerging axis of evil in the war on cancer
Singh, A., & Settleman, J. (2010) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2010.215 · Cited by 2,545 · see citing works
Targeting PI3K signalling in cancer: opportunities, challenges and limitations
Engelman, J. A. (2009) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc2664 · Cited by 2,445 · see citing works
Exploiting the PI3K/AKT Pathway for Cancer Drug Discovery
Hennessy, B. T., Smith, D. L., Ram, P. T., Lu, Y., & Mills, G. B. (2005) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd1902 · Cited by 2,183 · see citing works
EGF–ERBB signalling: towards the systems level
Citri, A., & Yarden, Y. (2006) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm1962 · Cited by 2,004 · see citing works
Comprehensive review of targeted therapy for colorectal cancer
Xie, Y.-H., Chen, Y.-X., & Fang, J.-Y. (2020) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-020-0116-z · Cited by 1,687 · see citing works
Targeting HER2-Positive Breast Cancer with Trastuzumab-DM1, an Antibody–Cytotoxic Drug Conjugate
Phillips, G. D. L., Li, G., Dugger, D. L., Crocker, L., Parsons, K. L., Mai, E., Blättler, W. A., Lambert, J. M., Chari, R. V. J., Lutz, R. J., et al. (2008) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-1776 · Cited by 1,679 · see citing works
Berns, K., Horlings, H. M., Hennessy, B. T., Madiredjo, M., Hijmans, E. M., Beelen, K., Linn, S. C., Gonzalez-Angulo, A. M., Stemke-Hale, K., Hauptmann, M., et al. (2007) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2007.08.030 · Cited by 1,627 · see citing works
PI3K pathway alterations in cancer: variations on a theme
Yuan, T. L., & Cantley, L. C. (2008) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2008.245 · Cited by 1,845 · see citing works
Tyrosine Kinases as Targets for Cancer Therapy
Krause, D. S., & Etten, R. A. V. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra044389 · Cited by 1,376 · see citing works
Wymann, M. P., & Schneiter, R. (2008) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm2335 · Cited by 1,285 · see citing works
Loi, S., Michiels, S., Salgado, R., Sirtaine, N., José, V., Fumagalli, D., Kellokumpu‐Lehtinen, P., Bono, P., Kataja, V. V., Desmedt, C., et al. (2014) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdu112 · Cited by 1,257 · see citing works
Microenvironment-induced PTEN loss by exosomal microRNA primes brain metastasis outgrowth
Zhang, L., Zhang, S., Yao, J., Lowery, F. J., Zhang, Q., Huang, W.-C., Li, P., Li, M., Wang, X., Zhang, C., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature15376 · Cited by 1,080 · see citing works
Ross, J. S., Slodkowska, E. A., Symmans, W. F., Pusztai, L., Ravdin, P. M., & Hortobágyi, G. N. (2009) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2008-0230 · Cited by 1,144 · see citing works
Novel anticancer targets: revisiting ERBB2 and discovering ERBB3
Baselga, J. M., & Swain, S. M. (2009) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc2656 · Cited by 1,144 · see citing works
Combinatorial drug therapy for cancer in the post-genomic era
Al-Lazikani, B., Banerji, U., & Workman, P. (2012) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.2284 · Cited by 1,070 · see citing works
An integrative genomic and proteomic analysis of pik3ca, pten, and akt mutations in breast cancer.
Stemke-Hale, K., Gonzalez-Angulo, A. M., Lluch, A., Neve, R. M., Kuo, W.-L., Davies, M., Carey, M., Hu, Z., Guan, Y., Sahin, A., et al. (2008) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-6854 · Cited by 1,054 · see citing works
ERBB Receptors: From Oncogene Discovery to Basic Science to Mechanism-Based Cancer Therapeutics
Arteaga, C. L., & Engelman, J. A. (2014) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2014.02.025 · Cited by 1,048 · see citing works
Dissecting Therapeutic Resistance to RAF Inhibition in Melanoma by Tumor Genomic Profiling
Wagle, N., Emery, C., Berger, M. F., Davis, M. J., Sawyer, A. M., Pochanard, P., Kehoe, S. M., Johannessen, C. M., MacConaill, L. E., Hahn, W. C., et al. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2010.33.2312 · Cited by 996 · see citing works
Current development of mTOR inhibitors as anticancer agents
Faivre, S. J., Kroemer, G., & Raymond, É. (2006) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd2062 · Cited by 998 · see citing works
The ERBB network: at last, cancer therapy meets systems biology
Yarden, Y., & Pines, G. (2012) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc3309 · Cited by 998 · see citing works
Targeting cellular metabolism to improve cancer therapeutics
Zhao, Y., Butler, E. B., & Tan, M. (2013) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/cddis.2013.60 · Cited by 994 · see citing works
ErbB receptors and signaling pathways in cancer
Hynes, N. E., & MacDonald, G. (2009) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2008.12.010 · Cited by 956 · see citing works
Molecular Classification and Molecular Forecasting of Breast Cancer: Ready for Clinical Application?
Brenton, J. D., Carey, L., Ahmed, A. A., & Caldas, C. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2005.03.3845 · Cited by 953 · see citing works
Overview of resistance to systemic therapy in patients with breast cancer
Gonzalez-Angulo, A. M., Morales-Vasquez, F., & Hortobagyi, G. N. (2007) · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-74039-3_1 · Cited by 904 · see citing works
Mechanisms of Disease: understanding resistance to HER2-targeted therapy in human breast cancer
Nahta, R., Yu, D., Hung, M., Hortobágyi, G. N., & Esteva, F. J. (2006) · Nature Clinical Practice Oncology · doi:10.1038/ncponc0509 · Cited by 916 · see citing works
Konecny, G. E., Pegram, M. D., Venkatesan, N., Finn, R. S., Yang, G., Rahmeh, M., Untch, M., Rusnak, D. W., Spehar, G. M., Mullin, R. J., et al. (2006) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1182 · Cited by 916 · see citing works
Breast cancer intrinsic subtype classification, clinical use and future trends.
Dai, X., Li, T., Bai, Z., Yang, Y., Liu, X., Zhan, J., & Shi, B. (2015) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 886 · see citing works
Scaltriti, M., Rojo, F., Ocana, A., Anido, J., Guzman, M., Cortes, J., Di Cosimo, S., Matias-Guiu, X., Ramon y Cajal, S., Arribas, J., et al. (2007) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djk134 · Cited by 895 · see citing works
Saal, L. H., Holm, K., Maurer, M. S., Memeo, L., Su, T., Wang, X., Yu, J. S., Malmström, P.-O., MANSUKHANI, M. M., Enoksson, J., et al. (2005) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472-can-04-3913 · Cited by 877 · see citing works
Junttila, T. T., Akita, R. W., Parsons, K. L., Fields, C. T., Phillips, G. D. L., Friedman, L. S., Sampath, D., & Sliwkowski, M. X. (2009) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2009.03.020 · Cited by 829 · see citing works
Serra, V., Markman, B., Scaltriti, M., Eichhorn, P. J. A., Valero, V., Guzman, M., Botero, M. L., Llonch, E., Atzori, F., Di Cosimo, S., et al. (2008) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-1385 · Cited by 787 · see citing works
Targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway: Effective combinations and clinical considerations
LoPiccolo, J., Blumenthal, G. M., Bernstein, W. B., & Dennis, P. A. (2008) · Drug Resistance Updates · doi:10.1016/j.drup.2007.11.003 · Cited by 804 · see citing works
PTEN loss in the continuum of common cancers, rare syndromes and mouse models
Hollander, M. C., Blumenthal, G. M., & Dennis, P. A. (2011) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc3037 · Cited by 793 · see citing works
Nahta, R., Yuan, L. X. H., Zhang, B., Kobayashi, R., & Esteva, F. J. (2005) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-3841 · Cited by 793 · see citing works
Attacking the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway for targeted therapeutic treatment in human cancer
Yu, L., Wei, J., & Liu, P. (2021) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.06.019 · Cited by 785 · see citing works
Folkes, A. J., Ahmadi, K., ALDERTON, W. K., Alix, S., Baker, S. J., Box, G., Chuckowree, I., Clarke, P. A., Depledge, P., Eccles, S. A., et al. (2008) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm800295d · Cited by 756 · see citing works
Sartore-Bianchi, A., Martini, M., Molinari, F., Veronese, S., Nichelatti, M., Artale, S., Di Nicolantonio, F., Saletti, P., De Dosso, S., Mazzucchelli, L., et al. (2009) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2466 · Cited by 739 · see citing works
Laurent-Puig, P., Cayre, A., Manceau, G., Buc, E., Bachet, J.-B., Lecomte, T., Rougier, P., Lievre, A., Landi, B., Boige, V., et al. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2008.21.6796 · Cited by 673 · see citing works
The relation between PI3K/AKT signalling pathway and cancer
Noorolyai, S., Shajari, N., Baghbani, E., Sadreddini, S., & Baradaran, B. (2019) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2019.02.076 · Cited by 661 · see citing works
Targeting the mTOR Signaling Network for Cancer Therapy
Meric‐Bernstam, F., & Gonzalez-Angulo, A. M. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2008.20.0766 · Cited by 639 · see citing works
Valabrega, G., Montemurro, F., & Aglietta, M. (2007) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdl475 · Cited by 627 · see citing works
Trastuzumab: Updated Mechanisms of Action and Resistance in Breast Cancer
Vu, T. T., & Claret, F. X. (2012) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2012.00062 · Cited by 607 · see citing works
Roock, W. D., de Vriendt, V., Normanno, N., Ciardiello, F., & Tejpar, S. (2010) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(10)70209-6 · Cited by 605 · see citing works
Trastuzumab emtansine: mechanisms of action and drug resistance
Barok, M., Joensuu, H., & Isola, J. J. (2014) · Breast Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/bcr3621 · Cited by 601 · see citing works
EGFR in Cancer: Signaling Mechanisms, Drugs, and Acquired Resistance
Uribe, M. L., Marrocco, I., & Yarden, Y. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13112748 · Cited by 604 · see citing works
Integrin-linked kinase: a cancer therapeutic target unique among its ILK
Hannigan, G. E., Troussard, A. A., & Dedhar, S. (2005) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc1524 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
ErbB receptors: from oncogenes to targeted cancer therapies
Zhang, H., Berezov, A., Wang, Q., Zhang, G., Drebin, J. A., Murali, R., & Greene, M. I. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci32278 · Cited by 573 · see citing works
HER2 regulates the mammary stem/progenitor cell population driving tumorigenesis and invasion
Körkaya, H., Paulson, A. K., Iovino, F., & Wicha, M. S. (2008) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2008.207 · Cited by 557 · see citing works
Enabling personalized cancer medicine through analysis of gene-expression patterns
Veer, L. V. ‘., & Bernards, R. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06915 · Cited by 556 · see citing works
Junttila, T. T., Li, G., Parsons, K. L., Phillips, G. D. L., & Sliwkowski, M. X. (2010) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-010-1090-x · Cited by 542 · see citing works
Korkaya, H., Kim, G., Davis, A., Malik, F., Henry, N., Ithimakin, S., Quraishi, A. A., Tawakkol, N., D'Angelo, R., Paulson, A. K., et al. (2012) · Molecules and Cells · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2012.06.014 · Cited by 518 · see citing works
Serra, V., Scaltriti, M., Prudkin, L., Eichhorn, P. J. A., Ibrahim, Y. H., Chandarlapaty, S., Markman, B., Rodríguez, O., Guzmán, M., Rodriguez, S., et al. (2011) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2010.626 · Cited by 533 · see citing works
Regulation of mammary stem/progenitor cells by PTEN/Akt/β-catenin signaling
Korkaya, H., Paulson, A., Charafe-Jauffret, E., Ginestier, C., Brown, M., Dutcher, J., Clouthier, S. G., & Wicha, M. S. (2009) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000121 · Cited by 523 · see citing works
Siena, S., Bianchi, A. S., Nicolantonio, F. D., Balfour, J., & Bardelli, A. (2009) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djp280 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Zhang, S., Huang, W.-C., Li, P., Guo, H., Poh, S.-B., Brady, S. W., Xiong, Y., Tseng, L.-M., Li, S.-H., Ding, Z., et al. (2011) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2309 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Saal, L. H., Johansson, P. A., Holm, K., Gruvberger-Saal, S. K., She, Q., Maurer, M. S., Koujak, S., Ferrando, A. A., Malmström, P., Memeo, L., et al. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0702507104 · Cited by 514 · see citing works
Breast Cancer–Associated PIK3CA Mutations Are Oncogenic in Mammary Epithelial Cells
Isakoff, S. J., Engelman, J. A., Irie, H. Y., Luo, J., Brachmann, S. M., Pearline, R. V., Cantley, L. C., & Brugge, J. S. (2005) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-2612 · Cited by 505 · see citing works
Resistance to Trastuzumab in Breast Cancer
Pohlmann, P. R., Mayer, I. A., & Mernaugh, R. L. (2009) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-0636 · Cited by 506 · see citing works
Overcoming Therapeutic Resistance in HER2-Positive Breast Cancers with CDK4/6 Inhibitors
Goel, S., Wang, Q., Watt, A. C., Tolaney, S. M., Dillon, D. A., Li, W., Ramm, S., Palmer, A. C., Yuzugullu, H., Varadan, V., et al. (2016) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2016.02.006 · Cited by 470 · see citing works
Eichhorn, P. J. A., Gili, M., Scaltriti, M., Serra, V., Guzman, M., Nijkamp, W., Beijersbergen, R. L., Valero, V., Seoane, J., Bernards, R., et al. (2008) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-1740 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
The Akt/PKB pathway: molecular target for cancer drug discovery
Cheng, J. Q., Lindsley, C. W., Cheng, G. Z., Yang, H., & Nicosia, S. V. (2005) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1209088 · Cited by 496 · see citing works
Ritter, C. A., Perez-Torres, M., Rinehart, C., Guix, M., Dugger, T., Engelman, J. A., & Arteaga, C. L. (2007) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-0701 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
Spector, N. L., & Blackwell, K. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2009.22.1507 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
Novel mechanism of lapatinib resistance in HER2-positive breast tumor cells: activation of AXL
Liu, L., Greger, J., Shi, H., Liu, Y., Greshock, J., Annan, R., Halsey, W., Sathe, G. M., Martin, A.-M., & Gilmer, T. M. (2009) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-4490 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
HER2-amplified breast cancer: mechanisms of trastuzumab resistance and novel targeted therapies
Gajria, D., & Chandarlapaty, S. (2011) · Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy · doi:10.1586/era.10.226 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
André, F., O'Regan, R. M., Özgüroğlu, M., Toi, M., Xu, B., Jérusalem, G., Masuda, N., Wilks, S. T., Arena, F. P., Isaacs, C. J., et al. (2014) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(14)70138-x · Cited by 493 · see citing works
PTEN Tumor Suppressor Network in PI3K-Akt Pathway Control
Georgescu, M. (2010) · Genes & Cancer · doi:10.1177/1947601911407325 · Cited by 490 · see citing works
Davies, B. R., Greenwood, H., Dudley, P., Crafter, C., Yu, D.-H., Zhang, J., Li, J., Gao, B., Ji, Q., Maynard, J., et al. (2012) · Molecular Cancer Therapeutics · doi:10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0824-t · Cited by 480 · see citing works
A robustness-based approach to systems-oriented drug design
Kitano, H. (2007) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd2195 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Met receptor contributes to trastuzumab resistance of Her2-overexpressing breast cancer cells
Shattuck, D. L., Miller, J. K., Carraway, K. L., & Sweeney, C. (2008) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-5962 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway as a target for cancer therapy
Morgensztern, D., & McLeod, H. L. (2005) · Anti-Cancer Drugs · doi:10.1097/01.cad.0000173476.67239.3b · Cited by 467 · see citing works
PTEN: Multiple Functions in Human Malignant Tumors
Milella, M., Falcone, I., Conciatori, F., Incani, U. C., Curatolo, A. D., Inzerilli, N., Nuzzo, C., Vaccaro, V., Vari, S., Cognetti, F., et al. (2015) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2015.00024 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Engelman, J. A., Mukohara, T., Zejnullahu, K., Lifshits, E., Borras, A. M., Gale, C.-M., Naumov, G. N., Yeap, B. Y., Jarrell, E., Sun, J., et al. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci28656 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Herceptin: mechanisms of action and resistance
Nahta, R., & Esteva, F. J. (2005) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2005.01.041 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
The role of HER2, EGFR, and other receptor tyrosine kinases in breast cancer
Hsu, J. L., & Hung, M. (2016) · Cancer and Metastasis Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10555-016-9649-6 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
A murine lung cancer co-clinical trial identifies genetic modifiers of therapeutic response
Chen, Z., Cheng, K., Walton, Z., Wang, Y., Ebi, H., Shimamura, T., Liu, Y., Tupper, T., Ouyang, J., Li, J., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10937 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
Overcoming acquired resistance to anticancer therapy: focus on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
Burris, H. A. (2013) · Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00280-012-2043-3 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
HER2 therapy: Molecular mechanisms of trastuzumab resistance
Nahta, R., & Esteva, F. J. (2006) · Breast Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/bcr1612 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Carey, L., Berry, D. A., Cirrincione, C., Barry, W. T., Pitcher, B. N., Harris, L. N., Ollila, D. W., Krop, I. E., Henry, N. L., Weckstein, D. J., et al. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2015.62.1268 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
mTOR signaling and drug development in cancer
Dancey, J. E. (2010) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2010.21 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
PI3K/AKT/mTOR: role in breast cancer progression, drug resistance, and treatment
Zotano, Á. G., Mayer, I. A., & Arteaga, C. L. (2016) · Cancer and Metastasis Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10555-016-9637-x · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Molecular aspects of cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy
Rebucci, M., & Michiels, C. (2013) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2013.02.017 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Loupakis, F., Pollina, L., Stasi, I., Ruzzo, A., Scartozzi, M., Santini, D., Masi, G., Graziano, F., Cremolini, C., Rulli, E., et al. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2008.20.2796 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Targeting the androgen receptor pathway in prostate cancer
Chen, Y., Sawyers, C. L., & Scher, H. I. (2008) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2008.07.005 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Xia, W., Bacus, S., Hegde, P., Husain, I., Strum, J., Liu, L., Paulazzo, G., Lyass, L., Trusk, P., Hill, J., et al. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0602468103 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Rexer, B. N., & Arteaga, C. L. (2012) · Critical Reviews™ in Oncogenesis · doi:10.1615/critrevoncog.v17.i1.20 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Akt inhibitors in cancer treatment: The long journey from drug discovery to clinical use (Review)
Nițulescu, G. M., Margina, D. M., Juzenas, P., Peng, Q., Olaru, O. T., Saloustros, E. S., Fenga, C., Spandidos, D. A., Libra, M., & Tsatsakis, A. M. (2015) · International Journal of Oncology · doi:10.3892/ijo.2015.3306 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Krop, I. E., LoRusso, P. M., Miller, K. D., Modi, S., Yardley, D. A., Rodriguez, G., Guardino, E., Lu, M. W., Zheng, M., Girish, S., et al. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2011.40.5902 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Targeting breast cancer stem cells.
Liu, S.-L., & Wicha, M. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2009.27.5388 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
The role of PTEN signaling perturbations in cancer and in targeted therapy
Keniry, M. E., & Parsons, R. E. (2008) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2008.248 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Mechanisms and strategies to overcome chemotherapy resistance in metastatic breast cancer
Coley, H. M. (2008) · Cancer Treatment Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2008.01.007 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
HER2-positive breast cancer: new therapeutic frontiers and overcoming resistance
Pernas, S., & Tolaney, S. M. (2019) · Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology · doi:10.1177/1758835919833519 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Physiological regulation of Akt activity and stability.
Liao, Y., & Hung, M. (2010) · PubMed Central · Cited by 343 · see citing works
The Role of Src in Solid Tumors
Wheeler, D. L., Iida, M., & Dunn, E. F. (2009) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2009-0009 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Poliseno, L., Salmena, L., Riccardi, L., Fornari, A., Song, M. S., Hobbs, R. M., Sportoletti, P., Varmeh, S., Egia, A., Fedele, G., et al. (2010) · Science Signaling · doi:10.1126/scisignal.2000594 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Sweeney, C. J., Sergio Bracarda, A., Sternberg, C. N., Chi, K. N., Olmos, D., Sandhu, S. K., Massard, C., Matsubara, N., Alekseev, B. Y., Parnis, F., et al. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00580-8 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Mechanisms of resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in colorectal cancer
Zhao, B., Wang, L., Qiu, H., Zhang, M., Sun, L., Peng, P., Yu, Q., & Yuan, X. (2017) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.14012 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Scaltriti, M., Eichhorn, P. J., Cortés, J., Prudkin, L., Aura, C., Jiménez, J., Chandarlapaty, S., Serra, V., Prat, A., Ibrahim, Y. H., et al. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1014835108 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
- Authors
- Nagata, Y., Lan, K.-H., Zhou, X., Tan, M., Esteva, F. J., Sahin, A. A., Klos, K. S., Li, P., Monia, B. P., Nguyen, N. T., Hortobagyi, G. N., Hung, M.-C., & Yu, D.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (US)
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Yu, Dihua
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cancer Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-08
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 117-127
- ISSN
- 1535-6108 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2059411043
- Cited by
- 1,858
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 82 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 66 · 2017: 68 · 2016: 88 · 2015: 109 · 2014: 119 · 2013: 125 · 2012: 123
- FWCI
- 43.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cancer Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ca060488-09)
- National Cancer Institute (P01CA099031, 2R01-CA60488, P30CA016672)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › HER2/EGFR in Cancer Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Breast Cancer Treatment Studies
- Keywords
- PTEN, trastuzumab, trastuzumab resistance, ERBB2, HER2-positive breast cancer, Src kinase inhibition, PI3K inhibitors, predictive biomarkers, antisense oligonucleotides
- MeSH terms
- Trastuzumab, Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors, Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antineoplastic Agents, Breast Neoplasms, Enzyme Activation, Enzyme Inhibitors, Female, Humans, Mice, Nude, Neoplasm Transplantation, Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Genes, Tumor Suppressor, Oligonucleotides, Antisense, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, src-Family Kinases, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, Cell Line, Tumor, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, PTEN Phosphohydrolase, Mice, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review