Tet2 loss leads to increased hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and myeloid transformation
Open accessAbstract
Somatic loss-of-function mutations in the ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2) gene occur in a significant proportion of patients with myeloid malignancies. Although there are extensive genetic data implicating TET2 mutations in myeloid transformation, the consequences of Tet2 loss in hematopoietic development have not been delineated. We report here an animal model of conditional Tet2 loss in the hematopoietic compartment that leads to increased stem cell self-renewal in vivo as assessed by competitive transplant assays. Tet2 loss leads to a progressive enlargement of the hematopoietic stem cell compartment and eventual myeloproliferation in vivo, including splenomegaly, monocytosis, and extramedullary hematopoiesis. In addition, Tet2(+/-) mice also displayed increased stem cell self-renewal and extramedullary hematopoiesis, suggesting that Tet2 haploinsufficiency contributes to hematopoietic transformation in vivo.
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Loss of Tet2 increases hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal while progressively decreasing their ability to undergo differentiation commitment, yet is insufficient to drive leukemogenesis.
“For instance, loss of Tet2 increases hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal while progressively decreasing their ability to undergo differentiation commitment, yet is insufficient to drive leukemogenesis (17).”
From PU.1-Dependent Enhancer Inhibition Separates <i>Tet2</i> -Deficient Hematopoiesis from Malignant Transformation (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
The Results sections on HSC self-renewal and progressive defects in hematopoiesis support increased self-renewal and impaired differentiation after Tet2 loss, though they do not establish a progressively declining ability to commit to differentiation specifically. The Results section on CMML-like disease reports that Tet2-deficient mice developed myeloproliferative disease, so the unqualified assertion that Tet2 loss is insufficient to drive leukemogenesis is not supported. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn mice, loss of Tet2 triggers a late-onset myeloproliferative disease with penetrance inversely correlated with residual Tet2 gene dosage.
“In mice, loss of Tet2 triggers a late-onset myeloproliferative disease with penetrance inversely correlated with residual Tet2 gene dosage (17).”
From PU.1-Dependent Enhancer Inhibition Separates <i>Tet2</i> -Deficient Hematopoiesis from Malignant Transformation (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
The Results section, “Tet2 deficient animals develop CMML-like disease” (page unavailable), reports progressive myeloproliferation in mice, with approximately all Tet2−/− mice showing significant splenomegaly by week 20. The Results section on Tet2 haploinsufficiency (page unavailable) reports dose-dependent effects on hematopoiesis and myeloid transformation, but does not establish that disease penetrance is inversely correlated with residual Tet2 gene dosage. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn BM chimeras, Tet2+/− PB CD45.2+ cells show increased repopulating capacity compared with WT in the PBS groups.
“As previously reported, we observed increased repopulating capacity in Tet2+/− PB CD45.2+ compared with WT in the PBS groups.11, 12, 13”
From Aging drives <i>Tet2</i> <i>+/−</i> clonal hematopoiesis via IL-1 signaling (2023) · cites this paper as [12]
The Results section, “Tet2 haploinsufficiency is sufficient to initiate aberrant hematopoiesis in vitro and in vivo” (page not supplied), reports that Tet2+/− cells outcompeted wild-type cells in competitive reconstitution experiments, supporting the increased repopulating-capacity comparison. The Bone marrow transplantation procedures identify heterozygous and wild-type cells as CD45.2+, but describe polyI-polyC-induced deletion, not a PBS-treated comparison group. PBS appears there as a cell-preparation buffer, so the PBS-group qualifier is not supported by this copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDifferential gene-expression analysis of hematopoietic cells isolated from a mouse model carrying hematopoietic-specific deletion of Tet2 uncovered no detectable deregulation of the PU.1 network in either Tet2HET or Tet2KO hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.
“Similarly, differential gene-expression analysis of hematopoietic cells isolated from a mouse model, carrying hematopoietic-specific deletion of Tet2 (17), uncovered no detectable deregulation of the PU.1 network in either Tet2HET or Tet2KO hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) [defined throughout this study as cKit+ CD8a–CD4–CD19–B220– (Lymph–) Ter119– (Ery–) cells; Fig. 1E].”
From PU.1-Dependent Enhancer Inhibition Separates <i>Tet2</i> -Deficient Hematopoiesis from Malignant Transformation (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
Compound mutant cells exhibited greater serial colony-forming activity than Tet2KO cells, which showed extended serial replating activity.
“Compound mutant cells also exhibited greater serial colony-forming activity than Tet2KO cells, which showed extended serial replating activity, in line with past reports (17, 32).”
From PU.1-Dependent Enhancer Inhibition Separates <i>Tet2</i> -Deficient Hematopoiesis from Malignant Transformation (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
UREHET, Tet2HET and Tet2KO single mutant mice develop a late-onset myeloproliferative phenotype.
“both of the latter develop a late-onset myeloproliferative phenotype (Supplementary Fig. S2B–S2I; refs. 13, 17).”
From PU.1-Dependent Enhancer Inhibition Separates <i>Tet2</i> -Deficient Hematopoiesis from Malignant Transformation (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
Heterozygous URE deletion leads to highly penetrant AML in a mouse model lacking Tet2.
“We show that heterozygous URE deletion leads to highly penetrant AML in a mouse model lacking Tet2 (17).”
From PU.1-Dependent Enhancer Inhibition Separates <i>Tet2</i> -Deficient Hematopoiesis from Malignant Transformation (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
Donor cells from control UREHET BM showed low engraftment (1.5%-2.3%), whereas Tet2-deficient cells exhibited slightly higher donor cell chimerism (9.45%-53.5% and 6.52%-98.3% for Tet2HET and Tet2KO cells, respectively).
“Donor cells from control UREHET BM showed low engraftment (1.5%–2.3%), whereas Tet2-deficient cells exhibited slightly higher donor cell chimerism (9.45%–53.5% and 6.52%–98.3% for Tet2HET and Tet2KO cells, respectively; Supplementary Fig. S4A and S4B), consistent with previous reports (17).”
From PU.1-Dependent Enhancer Inhibition Separates <i>Tet2</i> -Deficient Hematopoiesis from Malignant Transformation (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
Tet2 loss of function in murine HSPCs leads to increased self-renewal and pool expansion, higher competitive repopulation capacity, and a predisposition to hematological malignancy development.
“Indeed, Tet2 loss of function in murine HSPCs leads to increased self-renewal and pool expansion, higher competitive repopulation capacity, and a predisposition to hematological malignancy development.11, 12, 13”
From Aging drives <i>Tet2</i> <i>+/−</i> clonal hematopoiesis via IL-1 signaling (2023) · cites this paper as [12]
Higher basal level of self-renewal, repopulation capacity, and general fitness is reported in Tet2 loss-of-function HSPCs.
“This likely results from a higher basal level of self-renewal, repopulation capacity, and general fitness reported in Tet2 loss-of-function HSPCs.11, 12, 13”
From Aging drives <i>Tet2</i> <i>+/−</i> clonal hematopoiesis via IL-1 signaling (2023) · cites this paper as [12]
TET2 inactivation is sufficient to promote hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and block differentiation.
“In addition, TET2 inactivation is sufficient to promote hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and to block differentiation (Figueroa et al., 2010; Li et al., 2011; Moran-Crusio et al., 2011; Noushmehr et al., 2010; Turcan et al., 2012; Losman et al., 2013).”
From Influence of Metabolism on Epigenetics and Disease (2013) · cites this paper as Moran-Crusio et al., 2011
Pervasive mutations occur in a range of enzymes that methylate and de-methylate DNA and histones.
“A major finding from the cancer genome efforts has been that pervasive mutations occur in a range of enzymes that methylate and de-methylate DNA and histones 1,89 .”
From The roles of DNA, RNA and histone methylation in ageing and cancer (2019) · cites this paper as [89]
Stem cells from mice with loss-of-function mutations in TET2 or DNMT3A are able to serially replate in colony forming assays over many generations, whereas wild-type stem cells quickly lose this capacity, suggestive of enhanced self-renewal capacity in the mutant stem cells.
“Stem cells from these mice are able to serially replate in colony forming assays over many generations, whereas wild-type stem cells quickly lose this capacity, suggestive of enhanced self-renewal capacity in the mutant stem cells 54,55.”
From Clonal hematopoiesis in human aging and disease (2019) · cites this paper as [54]
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“Loss of TET2 leads to increased self-renewal capacity of hematopoietic stem cells, expansion of myeloid precursors and myeloid transformation in mice (Moran-Crusio et al., 2011).”
BackgroundClonal hematopoiesis and inflammation – the perpetual cycle
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“In mice, loss of Tet2 triggers a late-onset myeloproliferative disease with penetrance inversely correlated with residual Tet2 gene dosage (17).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citation
- Authors
- Moran-Crusio, K., Reavie, L., Shih, A., Abdel-Wahab, O., Ndiaye-Lobry, D., Lobry, C., Figueroa, M. E., Vasanthakumar, A., Patel, J., Zhao, X., Perna, F., Pandey, S., Madzo, J., Song, C., Dai, Q., He, C., Ibrahim, S., Beran, M., Zavadil, J., Nimer, S. D., Melnick, A., Godley, L. A., Aifantis, I., & Levine, R. L.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
- University of Chicago (US)
- New York University (US)
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (US)
- Weill Cornell Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Aifantis, Iannis
- Levine, Ross L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cancer Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-07
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 11-24
- ISSN
- 1535-6108 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3194039
- OpenAlex
- W2116205277
- Cited by
- 1,339
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 64 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 79 · 2023: 94 · 2022: 109 · 2021: 100 · 2020: 109 · 2019: 80 · 2018: 76 · 2017: 86 · 2016: 104 · 2015: 88 · 2014: 103 · 2013: 89 · 2012: 65
- FWCI
- 62.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 783 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Cancer Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Irma T. Hirschl Trust
- Leukemia and Lymphoma Society
- American-Italian Cancer Foundation
- American Cancer Society (RSG0806801)
- Burroughs Wellcome Fund
- Dana Foundation (1R01CA138234-01, U54CA143798-01)
- National Institutes of Health (F31-AG039991, R21CA141399, RO1CA105129, RO1CA133379, RO1CA149655, RO1GM088847)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Blood disorders and treatments
- Keywords
- TET2, hematopoietic stem cells, stem cell self-renewal, myeloid transformation, myeloproliferation, extramedullary hematopoiesis, splenomegaly, monocytosis, conditional knockout mice, haploinsufficiency, myeloid neoplasms, hematopoietic development
- MeSH terms
- Alleles, Animals, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, DNA-Binding Proteins, Hematopoiesis, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Humans, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic, Gene Deletion, Gene Silencing, Myeloid Cells, Cell Proliferation, Dioxygenases, Mice, Gene Knockout Techniques, Haploinsufficiency
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