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Selective Inhibition of Tumor Oncogenes by Disruption of Super-Enhancers
Open accessAbstract
Chromatin regulators have become attractive targets for cancer therapy, but it is unclear why inhibition of these ubiquitous regulators should have gene-specific effects in tumor cells. Here, we investigate how inhibition of the widely expressed transcriptional coactivator BRD4 leads to selective inhibition of the MYC oncogene in multiple myeloma (MM). BRD4 and Mediator were found to co-occupy thousands of enhancers associated with active genes. They also co-occupied a small set of exceptionally large super-enhancers associated with genes that feature prominently in MM biology, including the MYC oncogene. Treatment of MM tumor cells with the BET-bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 led to preferential loss of BRD4 at super-enhancers and consequent transcription elongation defects that preferentially impacted genes with super-enhancers, including MYC. Super-enhancers were found at key oncogenic drivers in many other tumor cells. These observations have implications for the discovery of cancer therapeutics directed at components of super-enhancers in diverse tumor types.
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“SEs in both HCC and TAN were associated with GO terms related to metabolic genes (e.g. CYP3A4, SLC38A4, and IGFBP1) (Fig. 2c)20,21,58.”
From Multi-omic analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma reveals aberrant cis-regulatory changes and dysregulated retrotransposons with prognostic potential (2025) · cites this paper as [58]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lovén, J., Hoke, H. A., Lin, C. Y., Lau, A., Orlando, D. A., Vakoc, C. R., Bradner, J. E., Lee, T. I., & Young, R. A.
- Affiliations
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research (US)
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (US)
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Young, Richard A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-04
- Volume
- 153
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 320-334
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3760967
- OpenAlex
- W1523117612
- Cited by
- 2,961
- References
- 86
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- FWCI
- 83.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
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- Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Institutional Repository (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (submittedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p30ca045508-35)
- National Human Genome Research Institute (HG002668, R01HG002668)
- National Cancer Institute (CA146445, R01CA146445, P30-CA045508, CA45508, P30CA014051)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Degradation and Inhibitors
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Chromatin Remodeling and Cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Keywords
- super-enhancers, BRD4, MYC oncogene, multiple myeloma, BET inhibitors, JQ1, Mediator complex, transcriptional coactivator, transcription elongation, chromatin regulators, cancer therapy, enhancer disruption
- MeSH terms
- Bromodomain Containing Proteins, Antineoplastic Agents, Azepines, Chromatin, Enhancer Elements, Genetic, Humans, Multiple Myeloma, Neoplasms, Nuclear Proteins, Transcription Factors, Transcription, Genetic, Triazoles, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Cell Cycle Proteins, Cell Line, Tumor, Genome-Wide Association Study, Mediator Complex, Transcription Elongation, Genetic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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