The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cyclic [G(2′,5′)pA(3′,5′)p] is the metazoan second messenger produced by DNA-activated cyclic GMP-AMP synthase.
Open accessAbstract
Recent studies identified cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) as a metazoan second messenger triggering an interferon response. cGAMP is generated from GTP and ATP by cytoplasmic dsDNA sensor cGAMP synthase (cGAS). We combined structural, chemical, biochemical, and cellular assays to demonstrate that this second messenger contains G(2',5')pA and A(3',5')pG phosphodiester linkages, designated c[G(2',5')pA(3',5')p]. We show that, upon dsDNA binding, cGAS is activated through conformational transitions, resulting in formation of a catalytically competent and accessible nucleotide-binding pocket for generation of c[G(2',5')pA(3',5')p]. We demonstrate that cyclization occurs in a stepwise manner through initial generation of 5'-pppG(2',5')pA prior to cyclization to c[G(2',5')pA(3',5')p], with the latter positioned precisely in the catalytic pocket. Mutants of cGAS dsDNA-binding or catalytic pocket residues exhibit reduced or abrogated activity. Our studies have identified c[G(2',5')pA(3',5')p] as a founding member of a family of metazoan 2',5'-containing cyclic heterodinucleotide second messengers distinct from bacterial 3',5' cyclic dinucleotides.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In the presence of ATP and GTP, cGAS catalyzes the production of 2′3′ cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) which stimulates the adaptor protein, STING.”
From Mechanisms of Cellular Senescence: Cell Cycle Arrest and Senescence Associated Secretory Phenotype (2021) · cites this paper as Gao et al., 2013
In the citing paper
“cGAS a 522 amino acid protein, is a cytosolic DNA sensor that activates innate immunity upon sensing aberrant double stranded (ds) DNA molecules irrespective of the source.”
From Mechanisms of Cellular Senescence: Cell Cycle Arrest and Senescence Associated Secretory Phenotype (2021) · cites this paper as Gao et al., 2013
In the citing paper
“STING recruits TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and IK-B kinase (IKK) (Ablasser et al., 2013; Diner et al., 2013; Gao et al., 2013; Sun et al., 2013, 2018; Wu et al., 2013; Zhang et al., 2013; Ablasser and Gulen, 2016; Chen et al., 2016).”
From Mechanisms of Cellular Senescence: Cell Cycle Arrest and Senescence Associated Secretory Phenotype (2021) · cites this paper as Gao et al., 2013
In the citing paper
“cGAS-STING pathway is a cytosolic DNA sensing signaling.”
From Combination strategies with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: current advances and future directions (2022) · cites this paper as [257]
In the citing paper
“Cytosolic dsDNA binds to cGAS, catalyzing the generation of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP).”
From Combination strategies with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: current advances and future directions (2022) · cites this paper as [257]
In the citing paper
“Then, STING recruits and phosphorylates TBK1, which further activates downstream IRF3 and upregulates IFN-I [257–259].”
From Combination strategies with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: current advances and future directions (2022) · cites this paper as [257]
In the citing paper
“Stimulated by cGAMP, STING changes from monomer to dimer and translocates from ER to perinuclear microsome.”
From Combination strategies with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: current advances and future directions (2022) · cites this paper as [257]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
[20] Processing of X-ray diffraction data collected in oscillation mode
Otwinowski, Z., & Minor, W. (1997) · Methods in Enzymology · doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(97)76066-x · Cited by 33,475
Features and development of Coot
Emsley, P., Lohkamp, B., Scott, W. G., & Cowtan, K. (2010) · Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography · doi:10.1107/s0907444910007493 · Cited by 29,915
PHENIX : a comprehensive Python-based system for macromolecular structure solution
Adams, P. D., Afonine, P. V., Bunkóczi, G., Chen, V. B., Davis, I. W., Echols, N., Headd, J. J., Hung, L.-W., Kapral, G. J., Grosse-Kunstleve, R. W., et al. (2010) · Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography · doi:10.1107/s0907444909052925 · Cited by 23,716
Phaser crystallographic software
McCoy, A. J., Grosse-Kunstleve, R. W., Adams, P. D., Winn, M. D., Storoni, L. C., & Read, R. J. (2007) · Journal of Applied Crystallography · doi:10.1107/s0021889807021206 · Cited by 20,612
Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase Is a Cytosolic DNA Sensor That Activates the Type I Interferon Pathway
Sun, L., Wu, J., Du, F., Chen, X., & Chen, Z. J. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1232458 · Cited by 4,996
STING is an endoplasmic reticulum adaptor that facilitates innate immune signalling
Ishikawa, H., & Barber, G. N. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07317 · Cited by 3,576
Cyclic GMP-AMP Is an Endogenous Second Messenger in Innate Immune Signaling by Cytosolic DNA
Wu, J., Sun, L., Chen, X., Du, F., Shi, H., Chen, C., & Chen, Z. J. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1229963 · Cited by 2,628
AIM2 recognizes cytosolic dsDNA and forms a caspase-1-activating inflammasome with ASC
Hornung, V., Ablasser, A., Charrel-Dennis, M., Bauernfeind, F., Horvath, G., Caffrey, D. R., Latz, E., & Fitzgerald, K. A. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07725 · Cited by 2,627
AIM2 activates the inflammasome and cell death in response to cytoplasmic DNA
Fernandes-Alnemri, T., Yu, J.-W., Datta, P., Wu, J., & Alnemri, E. S. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07710 · Cited by 1,831
Cyclic di-GMP: the First 25 Years of a Universal Bacterial Second Messenger
Römling, U., Galperin, M. Y., & Gomelsky, M. (2013) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.00043-12 · Cited by 1,726
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–800 of 1,000
Recent advances in targeting the cGAS–STING pathway for immunotherapy in orthopedic diseases
Wu, F., Hui, S., Li, D., Pan, G., & Zhang, W. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1726423 · Cited by 13
The cGAS-STING pathway in cancer: friend or foe
Li, Q., Song, Q., Ma, L., Kang, K., Zhu, X., Li, Y., Lin, X., Lu, X., Zeng, Z., Li, G., et al. (2026) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-026-08607-2 · Cited by 15
Wu, Z., Lin, Y., Liu, L.-M., Hou, Y., Qin, W., Zhang, L., Jiang, S., Yang, Q., & Bai, Y. (2022) · Journal of Immunology Research · doi:10.1155/2022/7978042 · Cited by 13
Guo, H., Han, Y., Yao, S., Chen, B., Zhao, H., Jin, J., Chen, S., Liu, Y., Gao, S., Guan, H., et al. (2024) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107554 · Cited by 13
Self-citationThe cGAS-STING pathway in COPD: targeting its role and therapeutic potential
Liao, K., Wang, F., Xia, C., Xu, Z., Zhong, S., Bi, W., & Ruan, J. (2024) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/s12931-024-02915-x · Cited by 15
Zhao, Y., Qin, C., Chen, L., Li, Z., Zhao, B., Li, T., Zhang, X., & Wang, W. (2024) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189183 · Cited by 14
Skeldon, A. M., Wang, L., Sgarioto, N., Beveridge, R. E., Chan, S. Y. T., Dorich, S., Dumais, V., Fradet, N., Gaudreault, S., LeGros, P., et al. (2025) · Communications Chemistry · doi:10.1038/s42004-025-01481-7 · Cited by 13
Self-citationZhu, S., Zhang, L., Tong, P., Chen, J., Wang, C., Wang, Z., Liu, J., Duan, P., Jiang, Q., Zhou, Y., et al. (2025) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.66.4.14 · Cited by 14
m6A methylation potentiates cytosolic dsDNA recognition in a sequence-specific manner
Balzarolo, M., Engels, S., de Jong, A. J., Franke, K., van den Berg, T. K., Gulen, M. F., Ablasser, A., Janssen, E. M., van Steensel, B., & Wolkers, M. C. (2021) · Open Biology · doi:10.1098/rsob.210030 · Cited by 13
Wang, X., Liu, Y., Han, X., Zou, G., Zhu, W., Shen, H. C., & Liu, H. (2021) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128101 · Cited by 13
Self-citationA Stereocontrolled Synthesis of a Phosphorothioate Cyclic Dinucleotide-Based STING Agonist
Kempson, J., Zhang, H., Hou, X., Cornelius, L. A. M., Zhao, R., Wang, B., Hong, Z., Oderinde, M. S., Pawluczyk, J. M., Wu, D., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.joc.1c00784 · Cited by 13
The Emerging Role of STING in Insect Innate Immune Responses and Pathogen Evasion Strategies
Liu, Q., Kausar, S., Tang, Y.-Y., Huang, W., Tang, B., Abbas, M. N., & Dai, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.874605 · Cited by 13
Hou, L., Qiao, X., Li, Y., Jin, Y., Liu, R., Wang, S., Zhou, K., Wang, L., & Song, L. (2022) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.057 · Cited by 13
Vinylphosphonate-based cyclic dinucleotides enhance STING-mediated cancer immunotherapy
Dejmek, M., Brázdová, A., Otava, T., Polidarova, M. P., Klíma, M., Smola, M., Vavřina, Z., Buděšı́nský, M., Dračínský, M., Liboska, R., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115685 · Cited by 13
Ming, Z., Wang, W., Xie, Y., Ding, P., Chen, Y., Jin, D., Sun, Y., Xia, B., Yan, L., & Lou, Z. (2014) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/cr.2014.123 · Cited by 13
Lee, A., Park, E., Lee, J., Choi, B., & Kang, S. (2017) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1002/1873-3468.12598 · Cited by 13
Transcriptional regulation of human cyclic GMP-AMP synthase gene
Chen, H., Pang, X., Xu, Y., Zhou, G., & Xu, H. (2019) · Cellular Signalling · doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109355 · Cited by 13
TREX1 exonuclease in immunity and disease
Shang, Z., Wang, L., & Zhou, W. (2025) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxaf037 · Cited by 14
Role of cGAS-STING pathway in fibrotic disease
Feng, L., Zhang, F., Cao, J., & Xiong, W. (2025) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2025.107971 · Cited by 13
Xiang, L., Zhang, J., Wu, Y., Shi, J., Shu, Y., Miu, R., Zhao, J., Zhu, J., Tao, Z., Geng, Y., et al. (2026) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2026.177692 · Cited by 13
Self-citationWang, Z., Hou, Y., Liu, P., Wu, R., Yang, J., Fan, S., Peng, Z., Han, X., Su, B., & Zhang, C. (2025) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2025.10.007 · Cited by 13
Mass spectrometric characterization of cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) in vivo
Annibal, A., Ripa, R., Ballhysa, E., Latza, C., Hochhard, N., & Antebi, A. (2021) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-021-03628-6 · Cited by 12
Development of STING degrader with double covalent ligands
Nakamura, M., Ohoka, N., Shibata, N., Inoué, T., Tsuji, G., & Demizu, Y. (2024) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129677 · Cited by 14
Role of the Innate Immune Response in Glomerular Disease Pathogenesis: Focus on Podocytes
Issa, W., Njeim, R., Carrazco, A., Burke, G. W., & Mitrofanova, A. V. (2024) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells13131157 · Cited by 13
Ji, J., Li, Y., Xu, T., Shao, Q., Sun, Z., Chen, S., Zhang, D., Wang, Q., Wang, X., Ma, C., et al. (2025) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-025-04077-z · Cited by 13
Detection and quantification of cytosolic DNA
Spada, S., Yamazaki, T., & Vanpouille‐Box, C. (2019) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2019.07.042 · Cited by 13
Phase Separation in cGAS‐STING Signaling: Cytosolic DNA Sensing and Regulatory Functions
Liu, C. X., Yang, J., Zheng, J., Fu, J., Wang, W., Duan, L., Qian, X. H., & Yang, Y. Y. (2023) · ChemBioChem · doi:10.1002/cbic.202300147 · Cited by 13
Noort, A. V., Nelsen, A., Pillatzki, A. E., Diel, D. G., Li, F., Nelson, E. A., & Wang, X. (2017) · Virology Journal · doi:10.1186/s12985-017-0746-0 · Cited by 12
STING-mediated DNA sensing in cancer immunotherapy
Zhou, X., & Jiang, Z. (2017) · Science China Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11427-016-9066-0 · Cited by 12
CDNs–STING Interaction Mechanism Investigations and Instructions on Design of CDN-Derivatives
Che, X., Zhang, J., Quan, H., Yang, L., & Gao, Y. Q. (2018) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b12276 · Cited by 13
Structural Flexibility and Conformation Features of Cyclic Dinucleotides in Aqueous Solutions
Che, X., Zhang, J., Zhu, Y., Yang, L., Quan, H., & Gao, Y. Q. (2016) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b11531 · Cited by 12
Sorokin, O., Hause, F., Wedler, A., Alakhras, T., Bauchspiess, T., Dietrich, A., Günther, W. F., Guha, C., Obika, K. B., Kraft, J., et al. (2025) · APOPTOSIS · doi:10.1007/s10495-025-02161-6 · Cited by 14
Nie, C., Ma, T., Ye, J., He, M., Zhang, T., Wei, K., Jiang, J., & Chu, X. (2024) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2024.149901 · Cited by 11
Emerging discoveries on the role of TRIM14: from diseases to immune regulation
Li, X., Zhou, F., Niu, K., Wang, Y., Shi, Y., Li, Y., Gao, X. Y., Zhao, W., Chen, T., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · Cell Death Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41420-024-02276-w · Cited by 11
Wang, S., Johnson, R. M., Carozza, J. A., Fernández, D., Scicinski, J. J., Verity, N. A., Mardjuki, R. E., Cao, X., Guo, Y., Papkoff, J. S., et al. (2025) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102336 · Cited by 12
Ding, J., Dai, Y., Zhu, J., Fan, X., Zhang, H., & Tang, B. (2022) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2022.1050837 · Cited by 12
Distinct Dynamic and Conformational Features of Human STING in Response to 2′3′‐cGAMP and c‐di‐GMP
Guo, J., Wang, J., Fan, J., Zhang, Y., Dong, W., & Chen, C. (2019) · ChemBioChem · doi:10.1002/cbic.201900051 · Cited by 11
Analysis of human cGAS activity and structure
Zhou, W., Whiteley, A. T., & Kranzusch, P. J. (2019) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2019.04.012 · Cited by 11
A pyrophosphatase-coupled assay to monitor the NTase activity of cGAS
Hooy, R. M., & Sohn, J. (2019) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2019.06.005 · Cited by 10
RNase L and the NLRP3-inflammasome: An old merchant in a new trade
Banerjee, S. (2016) · Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.02.008 · Cited by 11
Yu, J.-H., Moon, E., Kim, J., & Koo, J. H. (2022) · Biomolecules & Therapeutics · doi:10.4062/biomolther.2022.119 · Cited by 10
Hu, Z., Li, X., Yang, Y., Zhang, Z., & Ding, S. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241813840 · Cited by 10
STING in tumors: a focus on non-innate immune pathways
Yang, J., Yang, M., Wang, Y., Sun, J., Liu, Y., Zhang, L., & Guo, B. (2023) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2023.1278461 · Cited by 11
Self-citationEarly signaling pathways in virus-infected cells
Bonhomme, D., & Poirier, E. Z. (2024) · Current Opinion in Virology · doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101411 · Cited by 11
TBK1-Zyxin signaling controls tumor-associated macrophage recruitment to mitigate antitumor immunity
Zhou, R., Wang, M., Li, X., Liu, Y., Yao, Y., Wang, A., Chen, C., Zhang, Q. Y., Wu, Q., Zhang, Q., et al. (2024) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/s44318-024-00244-9 · Cited by 10
Self-citationDu, X., Zhou, J., Zhou, Y., Chen, Y., Kang, Y., Zhao, D., Ye, X., Wang, L., Xie, T., & Zhang, H. (2024) · Drug Development Research · doi:10.1002/ddr.70013 · Cited by 10
Hai, Y., Xun, Z., Yang, L., Cai, Z., Wu, Z., & Jiang, J. (2025) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.5c09626 · Cited by 10
Liu, Y., Li, Y., Xue, L., Xiao, J., Li, P., Xue, W., Li, C., Guo, H., & Chen, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.1033982 · Cited by 10
Self-citationHe, X., Fang, J., Gong, M., Zhang, J., Xie, R., Zhao, D., Gu, Y., Ma, L., Pang, X., & Cui, Y. (2023) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.17962 · Cited by 10
Structural and Hydrodynamic Characterization of Dimeric Human Oligoadenylate Synthetase 2
Koul, A., Gemmill, D., Lubna, N., Meier, M., Krahn, N., Booy, E. P., Stetefeld, J., Patel, T. R., & McKenna, S. A. (2020) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2020.04.025 · Cited by 10
DNA-binding mechanisms of human and mouse cGAS: a comparative MD and MM/GBSA study
Wang, X., Zhang, H., & Li, W. (2020) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/d0cp04162a · Cited by 10
Targeting cytokinesis bridge proteins to kill high-CIN type tumors
Xie, B., Liang, X., Yue, W., Ma, J., Li, X., Zhang, N., Wang, P., Liu, C., Shi, X., Qiao, J., et al. (2021) · Fundamental Research · doi:10.1016/j.fmre.2021.08.015 · Cited by 10
Novotná, B., Holá, L., Staś, M., Gutten, O., Smola, M., Zavřel, M., Vavřina, Z., Buděšı́nský, M., Liboska, R., Chevrier, F., et al. (2021) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00692 · Cited by 10
Xu, X., Fan, H., Yang, Y., Yao, S., Yu, W., Guo, Z., & Tan, W. (2023) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.202303010 · Cited by 10
Alnukhali, M., Altabbakh, O., Farooqı, A. A., Pollack, A. S., Daunert, S., Deo, S. K., & Tao, W. (2024) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0109298673273303231208071403 · Cited by 9
A Phosphotriester‐Masked Dideoxy‐cGAMP Derivative as a Cell‐Permeable STING Agonist
Halbritter, A. J., Gärtner, Y. V., Nabiev, J., Hernichel, F., Ganazzoli, G., Özdemir, D., Pappa, A., Veth, S., Stazzoni, S., Müller, M., et al. (2024) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202416353 · Cited by 9
Molecular basis of SLC19A1-mediated folate and cyclic dinucleotide transport
Zhang, Q., Zhang, X., Liu, K., Zhu, Y., Nie, X., Ma, J., Sun, P., Li, Z., Gao, Y., Liu, S., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-58378-1 · Cited by 9
Self-citationPharmacological activation of cGAS-STING pathway to reverse cancer drug resistance
Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Gao, Q., Zhu, Y., Li, Y., Chen, Z.-S., Zhang, J., Zhang, G., & Wang, H. (2026) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2026.108991 · Cited by 9
Chemical Biology Perspectives on STING Agonists as Tumor Immunotherapy
Xuan, C., & Hu, R. (2023) · ChemMedChem · doi:10.1002/cmdc.202300405 · Cited by 9
Megakaryocytes possess a STING pathway that is transferred to platelets to potentiate activation
El-Mortada, F., Landelouci, K., Bertrand-Perron, S., Aubé, F.-A., Poirier, A., Bidias, A. R., Jourdi, G., Welman, M., Gantier, M. P., Hamilton, J. R., et al. (2023) · Life Science Alliance · doi:10.26508/lsa.202302211 · Cited by 11
Cytoplasmic DNA and AIM2 inflammasome in RA: where they come from and where they go?
Xu, C., Jing, W., Liu, C., Yuan, B., Zhang, X., Liu, L., Zhang, F., Chen, P., Liu, Q., Wang, H., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1343325 · Cited by 11
Lim, J., & Kim, H. (2020) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.0c01942 · Cited by 9
Wang, X., & Li, W. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22031164 · Cited by 9
Dharshika, C., Gonzales, J. A., Chow, A. K., Morales‐Soto, W., & Gulbransen, B. D. (2023) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.14553 · Cited by 9
The Innate Immune Response to HIV-1: To Sense or Not to Sense
Landau, N. R. (2014) · DNA and Cell Biology · doi:10.1089/dna.2014.2378 · Cited by 10
Consequences of mitotic failure – The penalties and the rewards
Štorchová, Z. (2021) · Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.03.007 · Cited by 9
The cGAS-STING pathway in HIV-1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfection
Han, X., Wang, X., Han, F., Yan, H., Sun, J., Zhang, X., Moog, C., Zhang, C., & Su, B. (2024) · Infection · doi:10.1007/s15010-024-02429-0 · Cited by 8
Crosstalk Between Mitochondrial DNA and Immune Response: Focus on Autism Spectrum Disorder
Qu, W., Yan, G., Du, Y., Zhou, X., Huang, C., Li, B., Zhou, J., & Li, Q. (2024) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-024-04637-z · Cited by 8
Human papillomavirus E2 proteins suppress innate antiviral signaling pathways
Li, J., Zhang, J., Li, C., Zhang, Q., Kong, B., & Wang, P. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1555629 · Cited by 8
Cryer, A. M., Dosta, P., Dion, M. Z., Soto, L. D. L. P., Amar‐Lewis, E., Carmona, G. G. D. L., Perez, A. A. E., Aguilar, D. F. R., Sanchez-Huerta, T. M., Ruiz, B. N., et al. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2409556122 · Cited by 8
CypD Dependent mPTP Opening Is Crucial for Oxidized Mitochondrial DNA Release in Ferroptosis
Zhou, H., Fu, W., Liu, S., Zhang, Z., Luo, H., & Zhong, Q. (2026) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202502239 · Cited by 8
Catalytic carbene transfer allows the direct customization of cyclic purine dinucleotides
Fei, N., Häußinger, D., Blümli, S., Laventie, B., Bizzini, L. D., Zimmermann, K., Jenal, U., & Gillingham, D. G. (2014) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c4cc01919a · Cited by 8
Immune sensing of mouse polyomavirus DNA by p204 and cGAS DNA sensors
Ryabchenko, B., Soldatova, I., Šroller, V., Forstová, J., & Huérfano, S. (2021) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.15962 · Cited by 8
Innate Immune Responses and Pulmonary Diseases
Liu, T., Liu, S., & Zhou, X. (2021) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_4 · Cited by 8
Innate immune sensors for detecting nucleic acids during infection
Ghoreshi, Z., Nakhaee, M., Samie, M., Zak, M. S., & Arefinia, N. (2022) · Journal of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1515/labmed-2021-0173 · Cited by 8
Wang, M., Yu, X., & Gao, Q. (2024) · Current Medical Science · doi:10.1007/s11596-024-2859-1 · Cited by 8
2’,4’‐LNA‐Functionalized 5′‐S‐Phosphorothioester CDNs as STING Agonists
Yeboah, S. K., Zigli, A., & Sintim, H. O. (2024) · ChemBioChem · doi:10.1002/cbic.202400321 · Cited by 8
Qi, Q., Lv, S., Hao, M., Dong, X., Gu, Y., Wu, P., Zhang, W., Chen, Y., & Wang, C. (2020) · European Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.1002/ejoc.202000652 · Cited by 8
MAB21L1 modulates gene expression and DNA metabolic processes in the lens placode
Yamada, R., Oguri, A., Fujiki, K., Shirahige, K., Hirate, Y., Kanai‐Azuma, M., Takezoe, H., Akimoto, Y., Takahashi, N., & Kanai, Y. (2021) · Disease Models & Mechanisms · doi:10.1242/dmm.049251 · Cited by 8
HIV provides ample PAMPs for innate immune sensing
Lee, B. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1319118110 · Cited by 8
Targeting nuclear proteins for control of viral replication
Meng, W., Wang, X., & Wang, H. R. (2019) · Critical Reviews in Microbiology · doi:10.1080/1040841x.2018.1553848 · Cited by 8
Interrogating Host Antiviral Environments Driven by Nuclear DNA Sensing: A Multiomic Perspective
Howard, T. R., & Cristea, I. M. (2020) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom10121591 · Cited by 8
Nucleic Acid Sensing Pathways in DNA Repair Targeted Cancer Therapy
Xie, B., & Luo, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.903781 · Cited by 9
Paijo, J., Kaever, V., & Kalinke, U. (2017) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-7237-1_9 · Cited by 8
Chen, Z., Liu, Y., Lin, Z., & Huang, W. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1231057 · Cited by 11
Self-citationEpigenetic regulation of cGAS and STING expression in cancer
Zhao, C., Guo, S., & Ge, S. (2024) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112556 · Cited by 8
Wang, Q., Ren, Z., Zhao, J., Zheng, T., Tong, L., Liu, J., Dai, Z., & Tang, S. (2024) · International Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijms.102328 · Cited by 8
Xiao, J., Zhou, S., Fei, F., Long, L., & Guo, C. (2025) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2025.117317 · Cited by 7
Cancer-cell-derived cGAMP limits the activity of tumor-associated CD8+ T cells
Herbst, M., Köksal, H., Brunn, S., Zanetti, D., Domocos, I., Stefani, V. D., Gatti, M., Vivalda, F., Pereira, P., Nater, M., et al. (2025) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2025.115510 · Cited by 7
Sterile innate immune mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases
Ealy, A., Serapiglia, A. M., & Panicker, N. (2025) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2025.111039 · Cited by 8
Li, J., Zhang, L., Yang, C., Yao, C., Xu, Y.-Z., Liu, H.-F., & An, N. (2026) · Autoimmunity · doi:10.1080/08916934.2025.2612417 · Cited by 7
Role and Mechanism of cGAS-STING Pathway in Cardiovascular System
Yu, X., & Pan, S. (2024) · Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.31083/j.rcm2504135 · Cited by 7
Ramos, A. E., Bizri, N. A., Novak, E. A., Mollen, K. P., & Khan, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1409683 · Cited by 7
Design and Synthesis of Cyclic Dinucleotide Analogues Containing Triazolyl C-Nucleosides
Ma, J., Xu, H., Hou, K., Cao, Y., Xie, D., Yan, J., Dong, W., Jiang, T., & Chen, C.-P. (2024) · The Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.joc.4c01055 · Cited by 7
Protein-protein interactions in cGAS-STING pathway: a medicinal chemistry perspective
Zhang, S.-D., Li, H., Zhou, Y.-L., Liu, X., Li, D.-C., Hao, C.-F., You, Q., & Xu, X. (2024) · Future Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1080/17568919.2024.2383164 · Cited by 7
Exploring the nexus of cGAS STING pathway in neurodegenerative terrain: A therapeutic odyssey
Sharma, O., Grewal, A. K., Khan, H., & Singh, T. G. (2024) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113205 · Cited by 7
Vibrio cholerae V-cGAP3 Is an HD-GYP Phosphodiesterase with a Metal Tunable Substrate Selectivity
Sun, S., Wang, R., & Pandelia, M. (2022) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00269 · Cited by 7
Cytosolic DNA sensor activation inhibits HIV infection of macrophages
Zhang, B., Liu, J., Zhou, L., Wang, X., Khan, S., Hu, W., & Ho, W. (2022) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.28253 · Cited by 7
Choi, J. (2022) · Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society · doi:10.1002/bkcs.12646 · Cited by 7
Detection of Cyclic Dinucleotides by STING
Du, X., & Su, X. (2017) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-7240-1_6 · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Gao, P., Ascano, M., Wu, Y., Barchet, W., Gaffney, B. L., Zillinger, T., Serganov, A. A., Liu, Y., Jones, R. A., Hartmann, G., Tuschl, T., & Patel, D. J.
- Affiliations
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- University of Bonn (DE)
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tuschl, Thomas
- Patel, Dinshaw J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-05
- Volume
- 153
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1094-1107
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4382009
- OpenAlex
- W2123645680
- Cited by
- 1,101
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 95 · 2025: 122 · 2024: 118 · 2023: 106 · 2022: 112 · 2021: 105 · 2020: 92 · 2019: 76 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 33
- FWCI
- 31.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (P30CA008748)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM079760, GM79760)
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Brookhaven National Laboratory
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › interferon and immune responses
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Phosphodiesterase function and regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
- Keywords
- cyclic GMP-AMP, cGAMP, cGAS, interferon response, conformational activation, catalytic pocket, nucleotide-binding pocket
- MeSH terms
- Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate-Adenosine Monophosphate Synthase, Adenosine Triphosphate, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, DNA, Guanosine Triphosphate, Humans, Models, Chemical, Models, Molecular, Molecular Sequence Data, Nucleotides, Cyclic, Nucleotidyltransferases, 2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase, Dinucleoside Phosphates, Second Messenger Systems, Sequence Alignment, Crystallography, X-Ray, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review