Cited by 239Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase SignalingLung Cancer Treatments and MutationsMelanoma and MAPK Pathways

Targeting KRAS(G12C): From Inhibitory Mechanism to Modulation of Antitumor Effects in Patients

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Kim, Dongsung, Xue, Jenny Yaohua, Lito, Piro·2020·Cell

Abstract

KRAS mutations are among the most common genetic alterations in lung, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers. Direct inhibition of KRAS oncoproteins has been a long-standing pursuit in precision oncology, one established shortly after the discovery of RAS mutations in human cancer cells nearly 40 years ago. Recent advances in medicinal chemistry have established inhibitors targeting KRAS(G12C), a mutation found in ∼13% of lung adenocarcinomas and, at a lower frequency, in other cancers. Preclinical studies describing their discovery and mechanism of action, coupled with emerging clinical data from patients treated with these drugs, have sparked a renewed enthusiasm in the study of KRAS and its therapeutic potential. Here, we discuss how these advances are reshaping the fundamental aspects of KRAS oncoprotein biology and the strides being made toward improving patient outcomes in the clinic.

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Authors
Kim, D., Xue, J. Y., & Lito, P.
Affiliations
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
Corresponding author
Lito, Piro
Venue
Cell
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2020-11
Volume
183
Issue
4
Pages
850-859
ISSN
0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3093242429
Cited by
239
References
82
Citations by year
2026: 30 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 3
FWCI
3.09
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cell (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation
  • American Lung Association (T32GM007739, F30CA232549)
  • Pew Charitable Trusts
  • National Cancer Institute (1R01CA23026701A1, 1R01CA23074501, K08CA191082-01A1)
  • Amgen
  • National Institutes of Health
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Lung Cancer Treatments and Mutations
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Melanoma and MAPK Pathways
Keywords
KRAS G12C, KRAS inhibitors, RAS mutations, lung adenocarcinoma, mechanism of action, anticancer activity, precision oncology, KRAS-driven cancers, clinical outcomes
MeSH terms
Antineoplastic Agents, Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Mutation, Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras), Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Molecular Targeted Therapy

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