The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 57 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Interleukin-6 Is an Essential Regulator of Satellite Cell-Mediated Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy
Open accessAbstract
Skeletal muscles adapt to increasing workload by augmenting their fiber size, through mechanisms that are poorly understood. This study identifies the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) as an essential regulator of satellite cell (muscle stem cell)-mediated hypertrophic muscle growth. IL-6 is locally and transiently produced by growing myofibers and associated satellite cells, and genetic loss of IL-6 blunted muscle hypertrophy in vivo. IL-6 deficiency abrogated satellite cell proliferation and myonuclear accretion in the preexisting myofiber by impairing STAT3 activation and expression of its target gene cyclin D1. The growth defect was indeed muscle cell intrinsic, since IL-6 loss also affected satellite cell behavior in vitro, in a STAT3-dependent manner. Myotube-produced IL-6 further stimulated cell proliferation in a paracrine fashion. These findings unveil a role for IL-6 in hypertrophic muscle growth and provide mechanistic evidence for the contribution of satellite cells to this process.
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In the citing paper
“For instance, the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 mediates lipid oxidation [7], induces the production of anti-inflammatory interleukins during exercise (e.g. IL-10 and IL-1ra) [8] and stimulates muscle growth [9].”
In the citing paper
“In vitro, IL-6 bears anabolic effects by regulating satellite cells’ function and enhancing glucose metabolism; furthermore, a loss of IL-6 signaling in myoblasts results in a reduced proliferation and migration [49,50].”
From Main Pathogenic Mechanisms and Recent Advances in COPD Peripheral Skeletal Muscle Wasting (2023) · cites this paper as [50]
In the citing paper
“Elimination of these cytokines in vivo has been shown to diminish muscle repair [118].”
From Macrophage polarization: an opportunity for improved outcomes in biomaterials and regenerative medicine (2012) · cites this paper as [118]
In the citing paper
“Briefly, a number of studies have shown that the chemokines and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) produced by initially infiltrating M1 macrophages are chemoattractant and mitogenic for muscle progenitor cells, including Pax7+ satellite cells [115–119].”
From Macrophage polarization: an opportunity for improved outcomes in biomaterials and regenerative medicine (2012) · cites this paper as [118]
In the citing paper
“Although the myokine IL-6 is mostly recognized for its regulatory effects in lipid and glucose metabolism, IL-6 also plays important roles in myogenesis.”
From Muscle–Organ Crosstalk: The Emerging Roles of Myokines (2020) · cites this paper as [49]
In the citing paper
“Genetic loss of IL-6 impaired muscle hypertrophy in vivo, whereas myotube-produced IL-6 stimulated muscle cell proliferation in a paracrine fashion (49).”
From Muscle–Organ Crosstalk: The Emerging Roles of Myokines (2020) · cites this paper as [49]
In the citing paper
“Although being considered pro-inflammatory, TNF-α and IL-6 also appear to play important role in the early stages of muscle regeneration following injury by enhancing myoblast proliferation and inhibiting differentiation [73,74,75].”
From Potential Roles of n-3 PUFAs during Skeletal Muscle Growth and Regeneration (2018) · cites this paper as [73]
In the citing paper
“This inhibition involves the down regulation of the MRFs, MyoD and Myogenin [73,74,75], with TNF-α receptor double knock out mice [74] and with IL-6 non-specific knock out mice [73] shown to present impaired myogenic differentiation and hypertrophy when compared to wild type mice during functional overloading.”
From Potential Roles of n-3 PUFAs during Skeletal Muscle Growth and Regeneration (2018) · cites this paper as [73]
Citations
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Cited by
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Items 201–300 of 868
CX 3 CR1 deficiency delays acute skeletal muscle injury repair by impairing macrophage functions
Zhao, W., Lu, H., Wang, X., Ransohoff, R. M., & Zhou, L. (2015) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.14-270090 · Cited by 70
Altered muscle satellite cell activation following 16 wk of resistance training in young men
Nederveen, J. P., Snijders, T., Joanisse, S., Wavell, C. G., Mitchell, C. J., Johnston, L. M., Baker, S. K., Phillips, S. M., & Parise, G. (2016) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00221.2016 · Cited by 65
“IL-6, previously reported to have a role in SC regulation (34, 41), is produced locally by contracting muscles (39).”
BackgroundRegulation of Muscle Growth in Early Postnatal Life in a Swine Model
Rudar, M., Fiorotto, M. L., & Davis, T. A. (2018) · Annual Review of Animal Biosciences · doi:10.1146/annurev-animal-020518-115130 · Cited by 69
Differences in muscle satellite cell dynamics during muscle hypertrophy and regeneration
Fukada, S., Higashimoto, T., & Kaneshige, A. (2022) · Skeletal Muscle · doi:10.1186/s13395-022-00300-0 · Cited by 71
Bustamante, M., Fernández‐Verdejo, R., Jaimovich, E., & Buvinic, S. (2014) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00450.2013 · Cited by 67
“INTERLEUKIN-6 (IL-6) is a proinflammatory cytokine that has been related to several processes in skeletal muscle cells, including in vitro proliferation and differentiation, regeneration of damaged adult fibers, atrophy, and hypertrophy, among others (7, 35, 71, 86).”
BackgroundTarum, J., Folkesson, M., Atherton, P. J., & Kadi, F. (2017) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep086581 · Cited by 68
“Physical exercise is considered to be the most effective non-pharmacological strategy promoting cardiovascular and metabolic health benefits (Serrano et al. 2008; Lang et al. 2010; Viña et al. 2016).”
BackgroundYoung, C., Brutkowski, W., Lien, C., Arkle, S., Lochmüller, H., Zabłocki, K., & Górecki, D. C. (2011) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01397.x · Cited by 62
“(1994) showed that DMD lymphoblasts (cells with dystrophin protein also low or absent) are eminently more susceptible to ATP damage than their non-dystrophic counterparts [47] and we have shown [3] (and here) that myoblasts derived from the mdx mouse were more susceptible to nucleotide stimulation and also had abnorma…”
BackgroundThe Role of Inflammation and Immune Cells in Blood Flow Restriction Training Adaptation: A Review
Rossi, F. E., de Freitas, M. C., Zanchi, N. E., Lira, F. S., & Cholewa, J. M. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01376 · Cited by 67
Bakker, A. D., & Jaspers, R. T. (2015) · Current Osteoporosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11914-015-0264-1 · Cited by 68
MyD88 promotes myoblast fusion in a cell-autonomous manner
Hindi, S. M., Shin, J. S., Gallot, Y. S., Straughn, A. R., Simionescu-Bankston, A., Hindi, L., Xiong, G., Friedland, R. P., & Kumar, A. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-017-01866-w · Cited by 61
Increased Circulating Levels of Interleukin-6 Affect the Redox Balance in Skeletal Muscle
Forcina, L., Miano, C., Scicchitano, B. M., Rizzuto, E., Berardinelli, M. G., Benedetti, F. D., Pelosi, L., & Musarò, A. (2019) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2019/3018584 · Cited by 63
Development and progression of cancer cachexia: Perspectives from bench to bedside
Lim, S., Brown, J. L., Washington, T. A., & Greene, N. P. (2020) · Sports Medicine and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.smhs.2020.10.003 · Cited by 63
Moresi, V., Garcia-Alvarez, G., Pristerà, A., Rizzuto, E., Albertini, M. C., Rocchi, M., Marazzi, G., Sassoon, D., Adamo, S., & Coletti, D. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005570 · Cited by 60
“recruitment of satellite cells to muscle fibers [41], pro-myogenic”
BackgroundThe −174 G/C polymorphism of the IL6 gene is associated with elite power performance
Ruiz, J. R., Buxens, A., Artieda, M., Arteta, D., Santiago, C., Rodríguez‐Romo, G., Lao, J. I., Gómez‐Gallego, F., & Lucía, A. (2009) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2009.09.005 · Cited by 59
The effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity on muscle progenitor cell function
Teng, S., & Huang, P. (2019) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-019-1186-0 · Cited by 63
MicroRNA-223-3p promotes skeletal muscle regeneration by regulating inflammation in mice
Cheng, N., Liu, C., Li, Y., Gao, S., Han, Y., Wang, X., Du, J., & Zhang, C. (2020) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.ra119.012263 · Cited by 62
“The elevated IL-6 could also promote muscle hypertrophy by increasing protein synthesis and promoting the proliferation of satellite cells and their incorporation into the existing myofiber (34).”
BackgroundKashpur, O., Lapointe, D. S., Ambady, S., Ryder, E. F., & Dominko, T. (2013) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/1471-2164-14-656 · Cited by 61
“Loss of IL6 was shown to result in deficiency of proliferation and migration of myoblasts [63-65].”
BackgroundMyokines: Metabolic regulation in obesity and type 2 diabetes
Chen, Z.-T., Weng, Z.-X., Lin, J. D., & Meng, Z.-X. (2024) · Life Metabolism · doi:10.1093/lifemeta/loae006 · Cited by 58
“Previous research has found that IL-6 can promote muscle hypertrophy [44, 45], lipolysis [46], and glucose uptake [47] in skeletal muscle.”
Wu, C., Tang, L., Ni, X., Xu, T., Fang, Q., Xu, L., Ma, W., Yang, X., & Sun, H. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00665 · Cited by 62
“The activation of STAT3 is crucial for the activation of proteolytic pathways in muscle atrophy caused by different types of cancer and sterile sepsis (Bonetto et al., 2012; Silva et al., 2015; Ma et al., 2017).”
BackgroundVennekens, A., Laporte, E., Hermans, F., Cox, B., Modave, E., Janiszewski, A., Nys, C., Kobayashi, H., Malengier‐Devlies, B., Chappell, J., et al. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2100052118 · Cited by 59
TIMP3: a physiological regulator of adult myogenesis
Liu, H., Chen, S., Jin, B., Carson, J. A., Niu, A., Durham, W., Lai, J.-Y., & Li, Y.-P. (2010) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.057620 · Cited by 60
“…model has been widely used as a model of muscle hypertrophy, previous studies showed that satellite cell activation (Phelan and Gonyea, 1997; Rosenblatt et al., 1994) and myogenic differentiation (Serrano et al., 2008) are essential for the positive muscle remodeling induced by overloading.”
BackgroundMethodDer‐Torossian, H., Wysong, A. S., Shadfar, S., Willis, M. S., McDunn, J. E., & Couch, M. E. (2013) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1007/s13539-012-0101-7 · Cited by 56
Weigert, C., Lehmann, R., Hartwig, S., & Lehr, S. (2013) · PROTEOMICS - CLINICAL APPLICATIONS · doi:10.1002/prca.201300094 · Cited by 61
Kato, H., Miura, K., Nakano, S., Suzuki, K., Bannai, M., & Inoue, Y. (2016) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-016-2240-1 · Cited by 57
“However, IL-6 is also essential for muscle regeneration (Zhang et al. 2013), because, it regulates myoblast proliferation and differentiation (Serrano et al. 2008).”
BackgroundAge-associated inflammation and implications for skeletal muscle responses to exercise
Kunz, H. E., & Lanza, I. R. (2023) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2023.112177 · Cited by 56
The myonuclear domain in adult skeletal muscle fibres: past, present and future
Bagley, J. R., Denes, L. T., McCarthy, J. J., Wang, E. T., & Murach, K. A. (2023) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp283658 · Cited by 61
“, 2021), but may be driven by contraction-induced signals from the muscle fibre (Serrano et al., 2008; Ross et al., 2017, 2018; Battey et al., 2022; Noviello et al., 2022).”
BackgroundKurosaka, M., & Machida, S. (2013) · Cell Proliferation · doi:10.1111/cpr.12045 · Cited by 58
Impact of resistance exercise training on interleukin‐6 and JAK/STAT in young men
Caldow, M. K., Gatta, P. A. D., Larsen, A., GARNHAM, A. P., & Cameron‐Smith, D. (2010) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.21875 · Cited by 57
“Several STAT family members are expressed within skeletal muscle and upon activation promote myoblast proliferation, fusion, and differentiation.(5,8,9) Of the multi-”
BackgroundInfluentialCurrent evidence that exercise can increase the number of adult stem cells
Macaluso, F., & Myburgh, K. H. (2012) · Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility · doi:10.1007/s10974-012-9302-0 · Cited by 55
Substrate and strain alter the muscle-derived mesenchymal stem cell secretome to promote myogenesis
Lisio, M. D., Jensen, T., Sukiennik, R. A., Huntsman, H. D., & Boppart, M. D. (2014) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/scrt463 · Cited by 60
“The role of IL-6 on myogenesis has been extensively evaluated with ablation of IL-6 linked to impaired muscle hypertrophy [37], and myoblasts treated with IL-6 in vitro displayed increased differentiation [38].”
BackgroundAlrasheed, N., Al-Oteibi, M. M., Al-Manee, R. Z., Al-shareef, S. A., Alrasheed, N., Hasan, I. H., Mohamad, R., & Mahmoud, A. (2015) · Drug Design, Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s86431 · Cited by 57
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Wang, X., Zhao, W., Ransohoff, R. M., & Zhou, L. (2018) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.01.004 · Cited by 58
“IL-6 is not only a pro-inflammatory cytokine but also an important regulator of satellite cell proliferation during muscle injury repair (Serrano et al., 2008; Begue et al., 2013; Zhang et al., 2013).”
The Importance of Biophysical and Biochemical Stimuli in Dynamic Skeletal Muscle Models
Maleiner, B., Tomasch, J., Heher, P., Oliver Spadiut, A., Rünzler, D., & Fuchs, C. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01130 · Cited by 60
Sports genomics: Current state of knowledge and future directions
Ahmetov, I. I., & Fedotovskaya, O. N. (2012) · Cellular and Molecular Exercise Physiology · doi:10.7457/cmep.v1i1.e1 · Cited by 59
“The IL-6 also plays a role in the hypertrophic muscle growth with a contribution of satellite cells to this process (Serrano et al., 2008).”
BackgroundAcute resistance exercise increases the expression of chemotactic factors within skeletal muscle
Gatta, P. A. D., Cameron‐Smith, D., & Peake, J. M. (2014) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-014-2936-4 · Cited by 54
Aberrant Myokine Signaling in Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy
Nakamori, M., Hamanaka, K., Thomas, J. D., Wang, E. T., Hayashi, Y. K., Takahashi, M. P., Swanson, M. S., Nishino, I., & Mochizuki, H. (2017) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.018 · Cited by 53
“Because the activation of the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway promotes myocyte proliferation and prevents premature differentiation, tuned down signaling is necessary for cessation of myoblast proliferation and commencement of differentiation (Serrano et al., 2008; Sun et al., 2007).”
BackgroundInflammaging and Frailty in Immune-Mediated Rheumatic Diseases: How to Address and Score the Issue
Salaffi, F., Matteo, A. D., Farah, S., & Carlo, M. D. (2022) · Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology · doi:10.1007/s12016-022-08943-z · Cited by 57
“In addition, multiple studies have shown that the JAK/ STAT pathway is involved in controlling the myogenic development of adult satellite cells, a kind of cell that is critical for skeletal muscle postnatal growth and damage repair [130, 131].”
BackgroundReactive oxygen species in tendon injury and repair
Kračun, D., Görlach, A., Snedeker, J. G., & Buschmann, J. (2025) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2025.103568 · Cited by 54
“In the acute phase response to stress, satellite cells in muscle and dermal fibroblasts in skin are activated and recruited by IL6 [187 – 189].”
Mikkelsen, U. R., Schjerling, P., Helmark, I. C., Reitelseder, S., Holm, L., Skovgaard, D. C., Langberg, H., Kjær, M., & Heinemeier, K. M. (2010) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01170.x · Cited by 53
“…is known from animal and cell studies that nitric oxide (Anderson & Pilipowicz, 2002; Wozniak et al., 2005) and cytokines like interleukin-6 (IL6) (Serrano et al., 2008) and tumor necrosis Scand J Med Sci Sports 2011: 21: 630–644 & 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S doi:…”
BackgroundInfluentialFunctional crosstalk of PGC-1 coactivators and inflammation in skeletal muscle pathophysiology
Eisele, P. S., & Handschin, C. (2013) · Seminars in Immunopathology · doi:10.1007/s00281-013-0406-4 · Cited by 54
“Satellite cell proliferation is stimulated by IL-6 while IL-4 promotes myoblast fusion [260, 261].”
BackgroundQuantitative analysis of the secretion of the MCP family of chemokines by muscle cells
Henningsen, J., Pedersen, B. K., & Kratchmarova, I. (2010) · Molecular BioSystems · doi:10.1039/c0mb00209g · Cited by 51
Careccia, G., Mangiavini, L., & Cirillo, F. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25010512 · Cited by 66
“Some results show that SCs activation during exercise is mediated by elements released by myofibers and interstitial cell populations, including IGF-1 and molecules secreted by FAPs supporting SCs in the regeneration process [114,115].”
BackgroundStem Cell Transplantation for Muscular Dystrophy: The Challenge of Immune Response
Maffioletti, S. M., Noviello, M., English, K., & Tedesco, F. S. (2014) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2014/964010 · Cited by 53
White, J. P., Reecy, J. M., Washington, T. A., Sato, S., Le, M. E., Davis, J. M., Wilson, L. B., & Carson, J. A. (2009) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2009.02029.x · Cited by 53
“The effect of functional OV-induced muscle hypertrophy has also been examined in IL-6 and leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) knockout mice (Spangenburg & Booth 2006, Serrano et al. 2008).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialMacrophages fine tune satellite cell fate in dystrophic skeletal muscle of mdx mice
Madaro, L., Torcinaro, A., Bardi, M. D., Contino, F. F., Pelizzola, M., Diaferia, G. R., Imeneo, G., Bouché, M., Puri, P., & Santa, F. D. (2019) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1008408 · Cited by 57
“For instance, several factors, such as Interferon-γ (Ifn-γ) [28], Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (Tnf-α) [29,30], Interleukin-6 (IL-6) [31], Insulin growth factor-1 (Igf-1) [32], Granulocytecolony stimulating factor (G-csf) [33], Klotho (Klb) [34,35] and Adamts1 [36] positively affect SC proliferation, while others, such as…”
Tipping the scale: muscle versus fat
Rodeheffer, M. S. (2010) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb0210-102 · Cited by 51
Leitner, L. M., Wilson, R. J., Yan, Z., & Gödecke, A. (2016) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2016.6942 · Cited by 54
“For example, IL6, which increases 100-fold in the circulation after prolonged exercise, was associated with muscle damage; however, IL6 also regulates the proliferation of satellite cells and promotes hypertrophic growth (122).”
BackgroundPatsalos, A., Pap, A., Varga, T., Trencsényi, G., Contreras, G. A., Garai, I., Papp, Z., Dezső, B., Pintye, E., & Nagy, L. (2017) · Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp274361 · Cited by 50
“Many candidate molecules have been proposed to mediate myoblast differentiation such as IL-6 (Serrano et al. 2008), insulin growth factors (Tonkin et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialIlich, J. Z., Gilman, J. C., Cvijetić, S., & Boschiero, D. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12040989 · Cited by 51
“For example, IL-6, known as a strong pro-inflammatory cytokine in systemic circulation, was also identified as a myokine [13], and when released from the working muscle, it can exert some anti-inflammatory properties and improve glucose utilization, as well as satellite cell proliferation [73,74].”
BackgroundHardee, J. P., Counts, B. R., Gao, S., VanderVeen, B. N., Fix, D. K., Koh, H., & Carson, J. A. (2017) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12271 · Cited by 50
Nonmyogenic Cells in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration
Paylor, B., Natarajan, A., Zhang, R.-H., & Rossi, F. (2011) · Current Topics in Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-385940-2.00006-1 · Cited by 49
“Which signals or combination of signals these cells provide to myogenic progenitors is currently under active investigation, and known promyogenic factors such as IL-6 (Serrano et al., 2008; Wang et al., 2008) or Wnt (Seale et al.”
BackgroundCheng, Y., Lin, S., Cao, Z., Yu, R., Fan, Y., & Chen, J. (2025) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114056 · Cited by 55
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Exercise-induced release of cytokines in patients with major depressive disorder
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“IL-6 has been identified as a regulator of hypertrophic muscle growth (Serrano et al., 2008), and it increases glucose uptake both with and without the presence of insulin (Carey et al.”
BackgroundGirven, M., Dugdale, H. F., Owens, D. J., Hughes, D. C., Stewart, C. E., & Sharples, A. P. (2016) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.25380 · Cited by 48
“Ourselves and others have demonstrated early acute increases in TNF-a are important in skeletal muscle cell proliferation via activation of the MAPK’s (Li, 2003; Foulstone et al., 2004; Stewart et al., 2004; Al-Shanti et al., 2008; Serrano et al., 2008; Sharples et al., 2010).”
Evidence of a broad histamine footprint on the human exercise transcriptome
Romero, S. A., Hocker, A. D., Mangum, J. E., Luttrell, M. J., Turnbull, D. W., Struck, A. J., Ely, M. R., Sieck, D. C., Dreyer, H. C., & Halliwill, J. R. (2016) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp272177 · Cited by 52
“2001) or indirectly through myokine/cytokine signalling (Serrano et al. 2008).”
BackgroundBallak, D. B., Brunt, V. E., Sapinsley, Z. J., Ziemba, B. P., Richey, J. J., Zigler, M. C., Johnson, L. C., Gioscia‐Ryan, R. A., Culp‐Hill, R., Eisenmesser, E. Z., et al. (2020) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.13074 · Cited by 44
Sun, H., Sun, J., Li, M., Qian, L., Zhang, L., Huang, Z., Shen, Y., Law, B. Y. K., Liu, L., & Gu, X. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.730070 · Cited by 47
Mavropalias, G., Sim, M., Taaffe, D. R., Galvao, D. A., Spry, N. A., Kraemer, W. J., Häkkinen, K., & Newton, R. U. (2022) · Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s00432-022-03927-0 · Cited by 50
“IL-6 is a critical cytokine for muscle metabolism, as it mediates muscle growth demonstrated by both in-vivo and in-vitro studies (Serrano et al. 2008).”
BackgroundRedox Signaling in Widespread Health Benefits of Exercise
Louzada, R. A. N., Bouvière, J., Matta, L., Werneck‐de‐Castro, J. P., Dupuy, C., de Carvalho, D. P., & Fortunato, R. S. (2020) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2019.7949 · Cited by 49
“IL-6, secreted by contracting skeletal muscle during resistance training, seems to activate satellite cells through the activation of STAT3, which is crucial for hypertrophy (144).”
Bernard, C., Zavoriti, A., Pucelle, Q., Chazaud, B., & Gondin, J. (2022) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.15480 · Cited by 47
“However, IL6 can be produced by other cells (e.g., myofibers; Chow et al., 2022; Guerci et al., 2012; Serrano et al., 2008) than macrophages.”
BackgroundSarcopenia and cachexia: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions
Wang, T., Zhou, D., & Hong, Z. (2025) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.70030 · Cited by 46
Hicks, M. R., Cao, T. V., Campbell, D. H., & Standley, P. R. (2012) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01545.2011 · Cited by 46
The role of local IL6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling in high glucose–induced podocyte hypertrophy
Jo, H. A., Kim, J., Yang, S. H., Han, S. S., Joo, K. W., Kim, Y. S., & Kim, D. K. (2016) · Kidney Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.krcp.2016.09.003 · Cited by 48
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JAK/STAT signaling and human in vitro myogenesis
Caldow, M. K., Gatta, P. A. D., & Cameron‐Smith, D. (2011) · BMC Physiology · doi:10.1186/1472-6793-11-6 · Cited by 44
“The JAK/STAT signaling cascade also appears to be an integral factor for myoblast development, known to be activated by IL-6 and LIF [ 16-21 ].”
BackgroundTime Course and Role of Exercise-Induced Cytokines in Muscle Damage and Repair After a Marathon Race
Zocoler, C. A. S., Sierra, A., Galán, B. S. M., Maciel, J. F. D. S., Manoel, R., Barbeiro, H. V., de Souza, H. P., & Cury‐Boaventura, M. F. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.752144 · Cited by 51
“, 2019), satellite cell proliferation, and myonuclear accretion (Serrano et al., 2008).”
BackgroundImmunometabolism of macrophages regulates skeletal muscle regeneration
Chen, Y.-F., Lee, C., Wu, H.-H., Lin, W., & Lee, O. K. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.948819 · Cited by 46
“In IL-6 deficient mice, the proliferation of MuSCs was abrogated (Serrano et al., 2008; Zhang et al., 2013), and IL-6 is also necessary for the complete differentiation of muscle cells.”
BackgroundCornish, S. M., Bugera, E. M., Duhamel, T. A., Peeler, J. D., & Anderson, J. E. (2020) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-020-04337-1 · Cited by 43
Davegårdh, C., Säll, J., Benrick, A., Broholm, C., Volkov, P., Perfilyev, A., Henriksen, T. I., Wu, Y., Hjort, L., Brøns, C., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22068-5 · Cited by 43
Role of myokines and osteokines in cancer cachexia
Pin, F., Bonewald, L. F., & Bonetto, A. (2021) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1177/15353702211009213 · Cited by 45
“Indeed, it has been shown that IL-6 is produced by growing myofibers, whereas IL-6 deficiency reduces muscle hypertrophy by inhibiting muscle stem cell proliferation and fusion with preexisting myofibers.(63) A recent study by Chowdhury et al.”
BackgroundZamboni, M. M., Mazzali, G., Brunelli, A., Saatchi, T., Urbani, S., Giani, A., Rossi, A. P., Zoico, E., & Fantin, F. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11213361 · Cited by 47
“Although myokine IL-6 is mainly known for its role in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism, it has also been shown that it has an anabolic effect in the processes of myogenesis [66].”
BackgroundBenini, R., Nunes, P. R. P., Orsatti, C. L., Portari, G. V., & Orsatti, F. L. (2015) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2014.10.002 · Cited by 42
Rowlands, D., Nelson, A. R., Raymond, F., Métairon, S., Mansourian, R., Clarke, J., Stellingwerff, T., & Phillips, S. M. (2016) · Physiological Genomics · doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00068.2015 · Cited by 44
Available In Vitro Models for Human Satellite Cells from Skeletal Muscle
Romagnoli, C., Iantomasi, T., & Brandi, M. L. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222413221 · Cited by 44
“Expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) after muscle injury is simil r to that of TNF-α, and it can be a proliferation signal for SCs to replace the destroyed muscle tissue [24].”
BackgroundSente, T., Van Berendoncks, A. M., Fransen, E., Vrints, C. J., & Hoymans, V. Y. (2016) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00831.2015 · Cited by 41
“IL-6, but also IL-1 and IFN- , can promote myoblast proliferation and myotube formation (7, 34, 41).”
BackgroundKnudsen, S. H., & Pedersen, B. K. (2015) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-015-0642-1 · Cited by 41
Kozakowska, M., Pietraszek‐Gremplewicz, K., Cieśla, M., Seczyńska, M., Bronisz-Budzyńska, I., Podkalicka, P., Bukowska-Straková, K., Łoboda, A., Józkowicz, A., & Dulak, J. (2017) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.10.017 · Cited by 43
Application of Gold Nanoparticle-Based Materials in Cancer Therapy and Diagnostics
Vodyashkin, A. A., Rizk, M. G. H., Kezimana, P., Kirichuk, A. A., & Stanishevskiy, Y. (2021) · ChemEngineering · doi:10.3390/chemengineering5040069 · Cited by 42
“phase of the healing process, ultrasound can activate immune cells to migrate to the injury site [155,156].”
BackgroundVarious Jobs of Proteolytic Enzymes in Skeletal Muscle during Unloading: Facts and Speculations
Качаева, Е. В., & Shenkman, E. A. (2012) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2012/493618 · Cited by 42
“IL-6, in its turn, is an essential factor of development of skeletal muscle hypertrophy mediated by proliferating satellite cells [131].”
BackgroundGraça, F. A., Rai, M., Hunt, L. C., Stephan, A., Wang, Y., Gordon, B., Wang, R., Quarato, G., Xu, B., Fan, Y., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-30120-1 · Cited by 41
Endo, T. (2023) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.048 · Cited by 44
Stress Signaling Between Organs in Metazoa
Owusu-Ansah, E., & Perrimon, N. (2015) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100814-125523 · Cited by 39
“For instance, IL-6 stimulates muscle compensatory hypertrophy by enhancing the proliferation of satellite cells, which is followed by myonuclear accretion in preexisting myofibers (Serrano et al. 2008).”
BackgroundBugera, E. M., Duhamel, T. A., Peeler, J. D., & Cornish, S. M. (2018) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-018-3995-8 · Cited by 42
Massaro, M., Scoditti, E., Carluccio, M. A., Καλτσάτου, Α., & Cicchella, A. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11071471 · Cited by 43
“metabolic adaptations, such as those related to glycemic control and lipid homeostasis [4], as well as in the regulation of muscle fiber composition and contractility [5].”
BackgroundMuscle-Bone Crosstalk in Chronic Kidney Disease: The Potential Modulatory Effects of Exercise
Leal, D. V., Ferreira, A., Watson, E. L., Wilund, K. R., & Viana, J. L. (2021) · Calcified Tissue International · doi:10.1007/s00223-020-00782-4 · Cited by 40
Schaaf, G., van Gestel, T. J. M., Brusse, E., Verdijk, R. M., de Coo, I. F. M., van Doorn, P. A., van der Ploeg, A. T., & Pijnappel, W. W. M. P. (2015) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-015-0243-x · Cited by 39
“The yellow arrowhead indicates a quiescent satellite cell. b Quantification of Ki67-positive satellite cells in Pompe patients (red symbols; different symbols per patient group), controls (green symbols), and a DMD patient (blue symbol).”
BackgroundInfluentialAnkrd2 is a modulator of NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses during muscle differentiation
Bean, C., Verma, N., Yamamoto, D. L., Chemello, F., Cenni, V., Filomena, M. C., Chen, J., Bang, M., & Lanfranchi, G. (2014) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/cddis.2013.525 · Cited by 43
“Constitutively expressed inflammatory cytokines participate in the regulation of many important aspects of skeletal muscle function, including regeneration, hypertrophy, and whole body metabolism.(11,50) For example, although a chronic increase in the IL6 protein level is associated with pathological conditions such a…”
BackgroundSilveira, P., Scheffer, D. D. L., Glaser, V., Remor, A., Pinho, R. A., Júnior, A. S. A., & Latini, A. (2016) · Free radical research · doi:10.3109/10715762.2016.1147649 · Cited by 41
“Indeed, macrophage releases cytokines, which play a major role in muscle repair mechanism [25].”
BackgroundPatsalos, A., Tzerpos, P., Halász, L., Nagy, G., Pap, A., Giannakis, N., Lyroni, K., Koliaraki, V., Pintye, É., Dezsö, B., et al. (2019) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1900553 · Cited by 40
“Evaluation of gene expression data from Bach1 KO muscleinfiltrating MFs revealed dysregulation of numerous genes (Il6, Il10, Dusp1, Slc40a1, Cebpb, Gdf3, Igf1, Pparg, and Spp1), known to be involved in muscle regeneration and MF phenotypeswitching pathways (13, 15, 18, 19, 21, 41, 53) (Fig.”
BackgroundMethodLi, S., Li, W., Jiang, W., He, L., Peng, Q., Wang, G., & Lu, X. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.635654 · Cited by 39
“Under physiological conditions, IL-6 maintains muscle homeostasis and positively regulates muscle function (Baeza-Raja and Muñoz-Cánoves, 2004; Serrano et al., 2008).”
BackgroundPelosi, L., Berardinelli, M. G., Forcina, L., Ascenzi, F., Rizzuto, E., Sandri, M., Benedetti, F. D., Scicchitano, B. M., & Musarò, A. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10071816 · Cited by 41
“genesis through regulation of the proliferative capacity of muscle stem cells [3,42].”
Backgroundda Rosa, T. H., Peterson, L., Bartikoski, B. J., Portes, J. K. S., Santo, R. C. D. E., & Xavier, R. M. (2022) · Arthritis Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13075-022-02858-y · Cited by 41
“Indeed, in an acute exercise setting, IL-6 secreted by muscle cells can drive muscle growth signaling, muscular regeneration, and activation of muscle stem cells [54].”
BackgroundHo, T., Chiang, Y., Chuang, C., Chen, S., Hsieh, J.-W., Lan, Y.-W., & Tsao, Y. (2015) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00344.2014 · Cited by 41
Gao, S., & Carson, J. (2016) · American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00052.2015 · Cited by 43
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Boulanger‐Piette, A., Hamoudi, D., Marcadet, L., Morin, F., Argaw, A., Ward, L. M., & Frenette, J. (2018) · Current Osteoporosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11914-018-0468-2 · Cited by 37
Metadata
- Authors
- Serrano, A. L., Baeza-Raja, B., Perdiguero, E., Jardí, M., & Muñoz-Cánoves, P.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (ES)
- Venue
- Cell Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-01
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 33-44
- ISSN
- 1550-4131 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1997149085
- Cited by
- 873
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 43 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 73 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 69 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 48 · 2012: 51
- FWCI
- 9.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 2024 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Cell Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Association Française contre les Myopathies (Marató-TV3)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas
- Muscular Dystrophy Association
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- interleukin-6, satellite cells, skeletal muscle hypertrophy, muscle stem cells, STAT3 signaling, cyclin D1, myonuclear accretion, satellite cell proliferation, paracrine signaling, myofiber growth, cytokine deficiency
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Line, Cell Movement, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Hypertrophy, Immunohistochemistry, Muscular Diseases, Blotting, Western, Interleukin-6, Mice, Knockout, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Cyclin D1, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Myoblasts, Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle, Cell Proliferation, STAT3 Transcription Factor, Mice
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