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Cited by 95Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchAction Observation and SynchronizationChild and Animal Learning Development

Reduced sensitivity to social priors during action prediction in adults with autism spectrum disorders

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Chambon, Valerian, Farrer, Chlöé, Pacherie, Elisabeth, Jacquet, Pierre O., Leboyer, Marion, Zalla, Tiziana·2017·Cognition
DOI 10.1016/j.cognition.2016.12.005
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Abstract

An extensive amount of evidence has documented a diminished ability to predict and understand other people's action in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Recently, two theoretical accounts, the "Hypo-priors" and the "Aberrant precision" hypotheses, have suggested that attenuated Bayesian priors or an imbalance of the precision ascribed to sensory evidence relative to prior expectations may be responsible for the atypical perceptual experience and difficulties with action understanding in ASD. In the present study, we aimed to directly investigate whether difficulties in the appreciation of others' intentions can be accounted for by abnormal interaction between these two types of information: (i) the sensory evidence conveyed by movement kinematics, and (ii) the observer's expectations, acquired from past experience or derived from prior knowledge. To test this hypothesis, we contrasted the ability to infer Non-Social and Social intentions in adults with and without ASD, using a series of tasks in which both sensory evidence and prior expectations were manipulated. The results showed that attenuated effect of prior expectations in ASD individuals does not result from a generalized impairment in mentalizing, but one confined to social intentions. Attenuated priors in the social domain predicted the severity of clinical symptoms in the area of social interaction. Importantly, however, we found that reduced priors in the social domain could be compensated by ASD through observational learning, i.e. through deriving statistical regularities from observed behaviours. This capacity to balance reduced social expectations by learning inversely correlated with the severity of repetitive and stereotyped behaviours. Collectively, these findings suggest that adults with ASD exhibit a disturbance in the inferential mechanism that integrates sensory evidence into prior beliefs to produce accurate inferences about other people's intentions.

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  • Attenuated use of priors in the social domain is related to clinical levels of social interaction impairment.

    “attenuated use of priors in the social domain, assessed by asking participants to infer the intention of actors manipulating objects, was found to be related to clinical levels of social interaction impairment [37].”

    From Autistic Cognition: Charting Routes to Anxiety (2021) · cites this paper as [37]

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Authors
Chambon, V., Farrer, C., Pacherie, E., Jacquet, P. O., Leboyer, M., & Zalla, T.
Affiliations
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
  • Inserm (FR)
Corresponding author
Zalla, Tiziana
ORCID
Venue
Cognition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2017-03
Volume
160
Pages
17-26
ISSN
0010-0277 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.cognition.2016.12.005
OpenAlex
W2561556267
Cited by
95
References
68
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 7
FWCI
6.36
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Cognition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • HAL (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Fondation Fyssen (ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL, ANR-10-LABX-0087)
  • Fondation de France (00041930)
  • Fondation FondaMental
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
Keywords
autism spectrum disorder, action prediction, prior distributions, prior expectations, mentalization, observational learning, movement kinematics, social interaction, Bayesian inference
MeSH terms
Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adult, Bayes Theorem, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Social Behavior, Social Perception, Signal Detection, Psychological, Intention, Theory of Mind

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