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Are there meaningful etiological differences within antisocial behavior? Results of a meta-analysis
Abstract
There is mounting evidence of etiologically driven distinctions between aggressive (AGG) and non-aggressive rule-breaking (RB) forms of antisocial behavior. To date, however, these differences remain somewhat speculative. The current meta-analysis of twin and adoption studies sought to clarify these distinctions by comparing meta-analytic estimates of genetic, shared environmental, and non-shared environmental influences across AGG and RB to more clearly ascertain whether they evidence differential patterns of genetic and environmental influence. A comprehensive literature search resulted in the collection of 103 twin and adoption studies, of which 15 RB samples and 19 AGG samples were ultimately included in the analyses. Results reveal clear evidence of etiological distinctions between AGG and RB. Namely, AGG appears to be a highly heritable condition (genetic factors account for 65% of the variance), with little role for the shared or common environment, particularly after childhood. By contrast, while genetic influences also contribute to RB (48% of the variance), there is an important role for shared environmental effects as well (18% of the variance). Such findings are indicative of meaningful etiologic distinctions between aggressive and rule-breaking forms of antisocial behavior, and underscore the advantage of differentiating between these behavioral subtypes when studying the causal processes that underlie antisocial behavior.
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In the citing paper
“Twin studies indicate that half of the variation in this trait is genetic.”
From Genome-Wide Association Studies of a Broad Spectrum of Antisocial Behavior (2017) · cites this paper as Burt, 2009
In the citing paper
“A more recent review focused on 19 twin and adoption studies using child and adolescent samples; studies including adult subjects were excluded. Heritability was found to explain 65%, shared environment explained 5%, and the nonshared environment explained the remaining 30% of the variance in aggressive behavior (Burt, 2009).”
From Human Aggression Across the Lifespan (2011) · cites this paper as Burt, 2009
In the citing paper
“The lack of quantitative sex differences is also well in line with what was reported in a recent meta-analysis summarizing 19 twin and family/adoption studies, whereby genetic influences were found to explain 54% of the variance in aggressive behavior in boys and 57% of the variance in girls (Burt, 2009).”
From Human Aggression Across the Lifespan (2011) · cites this paper as Burt, 2009
In the citing paper
“Both Burt (2009) and Rhee and Waldman (2002) examined nonadditive genetic effects, but only Rhee and Waldman (2002) found significant nonadditive genetic effects for antisocial behavior.”
From Human Aggression Across the Lifespan (2011) · cites this paper as Burt (2009)
In the citing paper
“Yet, there is also plenty of evidence, based on a variety of definitions of aggressive behavior from children to adults, for genetic propensity toward aggression (see reviews by Burt, 2009; Miles and Carey, 1997; Rhee and Waldman, 2002).”
From Human Aggression Across the Lifespan (2011) · cites this paper as Burt, 2009
In the citing paper
“Increasing evidence suggests the importance of heritable factors in the development of aggressive behavior (Burt, 2009; Miles and Carey, 1997; Rhee and Waldman, 2002).”
From Human Aggression Across the Lifespan (2011) · cites this paper as Burt, 2009
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Metadata
- Authors
- Burt, S. A.
- Affiliations
- Michigan State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Burt, S. Alexandra
- ORCID
- Burt, S. Alexandra
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology Review
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-03
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 163-178
- ISSN
- 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2139818575
- Semantic Scholar
- a77e8ee283562ca4b1b880ab60fb2777038ad052
- Cited by
- 305
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 8.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Keywords
- antisocial behavior, aggression, rule violations, etiology, heritability, genetic factors, shared environment, nonshared environment, twin studies, adoption studies
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aggression, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Humans
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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