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Cited by 1,266Crime Patterns and InterventionsChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentPsychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending

Genetic and environmental influences on antisocial behavior: A meta-analysis of twin and adoption studies

Rhee, Soo Hyun, Waldman, Irwin D.·2002·Psychological Bulletin
DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.128.3.490
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Abstract

A meta-analysis of 51 twin and adoption studies was conducted to estimate the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on antisocial behavior. The best fitting model included moderate proportions of variance due to additive genetic influences (.32), nonadditive genetic influences (.09), shared environmental influences (.16), and nonshared environmental influences (.43). The magnitude of familial influences (i.e., both genetic and shared environmental influences) was lower in parent-offspring adoption studies than in both twin studies and sibling adoption studies. Operationalization, assessment method, zygosity determination method, and age were significant moderators of the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on antisocial behavior, but there were no significant differences in the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences for males and females.

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Crossref · 10.1037/0033-2909.128.3.490

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  • Genetic effects are important for antisocial behavior.

    “A considerable number of studies have also demonstrated that genetic effects are important for antisocial behavior (Rhee & Waldman, 2002).”

    From Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene–environment interaction (2006) · cites this paper as Rhee & Waldman, 2002

  • The polygenic multiple threshold model suggests that the less affected sex (females) may need a greater liability to express antisocial behavior, and relatives of an affected female are at greater risk of developing antisocial behavior than relatives of an affected male.

    “The model suggests that the less affected sex, i.e., females, may need a greater liability to express antisocial behavior, and so relatives of an affected female are at greater risk of developing antisocial behavior than relatives of an affected male.”

    From Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene–environment interaction (2006) · cites this paper as Rhee & Waldman, 2002

  • Rhee and Waldman (2002) concluded that the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on antisocial behavior is equal for both sexes.

    “Rhee and Waldman (2002) concluded in their meta-analysis that the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on antisocial behavior is equal for both sexes”

    From Heritability for adolescent antisocial behavior differs with socioeconomic status: gene–environment interaction (2006) · cites this paper as Rhee and Waldman (2002)

  • Both Burt (2009) and Rhee and Waldman (2002) examined nonadditive genetic effects, but only Rhee and Waldman (2002) found significant nonadditive genetic effects for antisocial behavior.

    “Both Burt (2009) and Rhee and Waldman (2002) examined nonadditive genetic effects, but only Rhee and Waldman (2002) found significant nonadditive genetic effects for antisocial behavior.”

    From Human Aggression Across the Lifespan (2011) · cites this paper as Rhee and Waldman (2002)

  • There is plenty of evidence, based on a variety of definitions of aggressive behavior from children to adults, for genetic propensity toward aggression.

    “Yet, there is also plenty of evidence, based on a variety of definitions of aggressive behavior from children to adults, for genetic propensity toward aggression (see reviews by Burt, 2009; Miles and Carey, 1997; Rhee and Waldman, 2002).”

    From Human Aggression Across the Lifespan (2011) · cites this paper as Rhee and Waldman, 2002

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Authors
Rhee, S. H., & Waldman, I. D.
Affiliations
Emory University (US)
ORCID
Venue
Psychological Bulletin
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
2002
Volume
128
Issue
3
Pages
490-529
ISSN
  • 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1455
DOI
10.1037/0033-2909.128.3.490
OpenAlex
W2153501396
Cited by
1,266
References
234
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 59 · 2017: 60 · 2016: 62 · 2015: 85 · 2014: 96 · 2013: 81 · 2012: 85
FWCI
13.86
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH001818, MH-01818)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA-13956, K01DA013956)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
Keywords
antisocial behavior, heritability, genetic factors, environmental influences, twin studies, adoption studies, nonshared environment, shared environment, additive genetic effects, non-additive genetic effects, zygosity determination
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adoption, Adult, Age Factors, Aggression, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Child, Criminology, Environment, Female, Humans, Juvenile Delinquency, Male, Models, Psychological, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Sex Factors, Twins, Genetic Predisposition to Disease

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