The DOI matches its Crossref record; 56 of the 56 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Neuronal Hub Binding Sleep Initiation and Body Cooling in Response to a Warm External Stimulus
Open accessAbstract
Mammals, including humans, prepare for sleep by nesting and/or curling up, creating microclimates of skin warmth. To address whether external warmth induces sleep through defined circuitry, we used c-Fos-dependent activity tagging, which captures populations of activated cells and allows them to be reactivated to test their physiological role. External warming tagged two principal groups of neurons in the median preoptic (MnPO)/medial preoptic (MPO) hypothalamic area. GABA neurons located mainly in MPO produced non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep but no body temperature decrease. Nitrergic-glutamatergic neurons in MnPO-MPO induced both body cooling and NREM sleep. This circuitry explains how skin warming induces sleep and why the maximal rate of core body cooling positively correlates with sleep onset. Thus, the pathways that promote NREM sleep, reduced energy expenditure, and body cooling are inextricably linked, commanded by the same neurons. This implies that one function of NREM sleep is to lower brain temperature and/or conserve energy.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“anesthetics may rely on molecular targets with intrinsic temperature sensing ability such as the K2P channels or mitochondrial targets in critical cellular populations to inextricably link reductions in body temperature with decreased metabolism as occurs with endogenous sleep [111].”
From The Biology of General Anesthesia from Paramecium to Primate (2019) · cites this paper as [111]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Genome-wide atlas of gene expression in the adult mouse brain
Lein, E. S., Hawrylycz, M. J., Ao, N., Ayres, M., Bensinger, A., Bernard, A., Boe, A. F., Boguski, M. S., Brockway, K. S., Byrnes, E. J., et al. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05453 · Cited by 5,572
Rapid, reversible activation of AgRP neurons drives feeding behavior in mice
Krashes, M. J., Koda, S., Ye, C., Rogan, S. C., Adams, A. C., Cusher, D. S., Maratos-Flier, E., Roth, B. L., & Lowell, B. B. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci46229 · Cited by 1,578
Dijk, D., & Czeisler, C. (1995) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.15-05-03526.1995 · Cited by 1,356
Leptin Action on GABAergic Neurons Prevents Obesity and Reduces Inhibitory Tone to POMC Neurons
Vong, L., Ye, C., Yang, Z., Choi, B. J., Chua, S. C., & Lowell, B. B. (2011) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.05.028 · Cited by 1,237
Clues to the functions of mammalian sleep
Siegel, J. M. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04285 · Cited by 1,040
Chemogenetics revealed: DREADD occupancy and activation via converted clozapine
Gomez, J. L., Bonaventura, J., Lesniak, W., Mathews, W. B., Sysa-Shah, P., Rodriguez, L. A., Ellis, R. J., Richie, C. T., Harvey, B. K., Dannals, R. F., et al. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aan2475 · Cited by 980
Neural Circuitry of Wakefulness and Sleep
Scammell, T. E., Arrigoni, E., & Lipton, J. O. (2017) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.01.014 · Cited by 966
Localization of a Stable Neural Correlate of Associative Memory
Reijmers, L. G. J. E., Perkins, B. L., Matsuo, N., & Mayford, M. R. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1143839 · Cited by 853
Regulation of Body Temperature by the Nervous System
Tan, C. L., & Knight, Z. A. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.02.022 · Cited by 834
Mild Perioperative Hypothermia
Sessler, D. I. (1997) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199706123362407 · Cited by 711
VTA dopaminergic neurons regulate ethologically relevant sleep-wake behaviors
Eban-Rothschild, A., Rothschild, G., Giardino, W. J., Jones, J. R., & de Lecea, L. (2016) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4377 · Cited by 583
Temperature Regulation in Laboratory Rodents
Gordon, C. J. (1993) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511565595 · Cited by 515
A thermosensory pathway that controls body temperature
Nakamura, K., & Morrison, S. F. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn2027 · Cited by 503
The TRPM2 channel is a hypothalamic heat sensor that limits fever and can drive hypothermia
Song, K., Wang, H., Kamm, G. B., Pohle, J., Reis, F. D. C., Heppenstall, P. A., Wende, H., & Siemens, J. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaf7537 · Cited by 405
Warm-Sensitive Neurons that Control Body Temperature
Tan, C. L., Cooke, E. K., Leib, D. E., Lin, Y.-C., Daly, G. E., Zimmerman, C. A., & Knight, Z. A. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.08.028 · Cited by 402
Warm feet promote the rapid onset of sleep
Kräuchi, K., Cajochen, C., Werth, E., & Wirz-Justice, A. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/43366 · Cited by 398
Natural Sleep and Its Seasonal Variations in Three Pre-industrial Societies
Yetish, G., Kaplan, H., Gurven, M., Wood, B., Pontzer, H., Manger, P. R., Wilson, C., McGregor, R., & Siegel, J. M. (2015) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.09.046 · Cited by 395
Keeping cool: a hypothesis about the mechanisms and functions of slow-wave sleep
McGinty, D., & Szymusiak, R. S. (1990) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(90)90081-k · Cited by 386
Circuit-based interrogation of sleep control
Weber, F., & Dan, Y. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature19773 · Cited by 383
A hypothalamic circuit that controls body temperature
Zhao, Z., Yang, W. Z., Gao, C., Fu, X., Zhang, W., Zhou, Q., Chen, W., Ni, X., Lin, J.-K., Yang, J., et al. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1616255114 · Cited by 364
VanSomeren, E. J. W. (2000) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1081/cbi-100101050 · Cited by 329
Identification of preoptic sleep neurons using retrograde labelling and gene profiling
Chung, S., Weber, F., Zhong, P., Tan, C. L., Nguyen, T. N., Beier, K. T., Hörmann, N., Chang, W.-C., Zhang, Z., Do, J. P., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature22350 · Cited by 317
The TRPM2 ion channel is required for sensitivity to warmth
Tan, C., & McNaughton, P. A. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature19074 · Cited by 303
The effects of high and low ambient temperatures on human sleep stages
Haskell, E. H., Palca, J. W., Walker, J. M., Berger, R. J., & Heller, H. C. (1981) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(81)90226-1 · Cited by 302
Schmidt, M. H. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.08.001 · Cited by 291
Neural circuitry engaged by prostaglandins during the sickness syndrome
Saper, C. B., Romanovsky, A. A., & Scammell, T. E. (2012) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3159 · Cited by 285
Neuronal ensembles sufficient for recovery sleep and the sedative actions of α2 adrenergic agonists
Zhang, Z., Ferretti, V., Güntan, İ., Moro, A., Steinberg, E. A., Ye, Z., Zecharia, A. Y., Yu, X., Vyssotski, A. L., Brickley, S. G., et al. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3957 · Cited by 275
Self-citationA thermosensory pathway mediating heat-defense responses
Nakamura, K., & Morrison, S. F. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0913358107 · Cited by 267
Wei, Y., Wang, S.-R., Jiao, Z., Zhang, W., Lin, J.-K., Li, X., Li, S., Zhang, X., & Xu, X. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02648-0 · Cited by 259
Skin deep: enhanced sleep depth by cutaneous temperature manipulation
Raymann, R. J. E. M., Swaab, D. F., & Van Someren, E. J. W. (2008) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awm315 · Cited by 218
Mechanisms and functions of coupling between sleep and temperature rhythms
Van Someren, E. J. W. (2006) · Progress in Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(06)53018-3 · Cited by 209
Szymusiak, R. S., Gvilia, I., & McGinty, D. (2007) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2007.03.013 · Cited by 200
Leshan, R. L., Greenwald-Yarnell, M. L., Patterson, C. M., Gonzalez, I. E., & Myers, M. G. (2012) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2724 · Cited by 172
Yu, S., Qualls‐Creekmore, E., Rezai-Zadeh, K. P., Jiang, Y., Berthoud, H., Morrison, C. D., Derbenev, A. V., Zsombok, A., & Münzberg, H. (2016) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0213-16.2016 · Cited by 160
Gordon, C. J., Becker, P., & Ali, J. S. (1998) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(98)00148-6 · Cited by 146
Leptin regulation of hippocampal synaptic function in health and disease
Irving, A. J., & Harvey, J. (2013) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0155 · Cited by 126
Genetic identity of thermosensory relay neurons in the lateral parabrachial nucleus
Geerling, J. C., Kim, M., Mahoney, C. E., Abbott, S. B. G., Agostinelli, L. J., Garfield, A. S., Krashes, M. J., Lowell, B. B., & Scammell, T. E. (2015) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00094.2015 · Cited by 121
Yahiro, T., Kataoka, N., Nakamura, Y., & Nakamura, K. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-05327-8 · Cited by 113
Webb, G. P., Jagot, S. A., & Jakobson, M. (1982) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Physiology · doi:10.1016/0300-9629(82)90035-4 · Cited by 109
Sleep, vigilance, and thermosensitivity
Romeijn, N., Raymann, R. J. E. M., Møst, E., Te Lindert, B., Van Der Meijden, W. P., Fronczek, R., Gomez-Herrero, G., & Van Someren, E. J. W. (2012) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-011-1042-2 · Cited by 105
Hyperthermia induces c-fos expression in the preoptic area
Scammell, T. E., Price, K., & Sagar, S. M. (1993) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)91280-6 · Cited by 94
Reconstruction of vocal interactions in a group of small songbirds
Anisimov, V. N., Herbst, J. A., Abramchuk, A. N., Латанов, А. В., Hahnloser, R. H. R., & Vyssotski, A. L. (2014) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.3114 · Cited by 82
Self-citationTo sleep or not to sleep: neuronal and ecological insights
Eban-Rothschild, A., Giardino, W. J., & de Lecea, L. (2017) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2017.04.010 · Cited by 80
Temperature dependence of EEG frequencies during natural hypothermia
Deboer, T., & Tobler, I. (1995) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)01299-w · Cited by 75
Abbott, S. B. G., & Saper, C. B. (2017) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp274667 · Cited by 74
Martire, V. L., Silvani, A., Bastianini, S., Berteotti, C., & Zoccoli, G. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047032 · Cited by 65
Sleep and Waking Have a Major Effect on the 24-Hr Rhythm of Cortical Temperature in the Rat
Franken, P., Tobler, I., & Borbély, A. A. (1992) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/074873049200700407 · Cited by 63
Selective increases in non-rapid eye movement sleep following whole body heating in rats
Morairty, S. R., Szymusiak, R. S., Thomson, D., & McGinty, D. (1993) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)90606-n · Cited by 56
Automated sleep staging in rat with a standard spreadsheet
Costa‐Miserachs, D., Portell-Cortés, I., Torras-García, M., & Morgado-Bernal, I. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/s0165-0270(03)00229-2 · Cited by 54
Cellular populations and thermosensing mechanisms of the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center
Siemens, J., & Kamm, G. B. (2018) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-017-2101-0 · Cited by 49
Szentirmai, É., & Kapás, L. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-01047-1 · Cited by 44
Leptin-mediated ion channel regulation: PI3K pathways, physiological role, and therapeutic potential
Gavello, D., Carbone, E., & Carabelli, V. (2016) · Channels · doi:10.1080/19336950.2016.1164373 · Cited by 43
Szentirmai, É., & Kapás, L. (2013) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.12463 · Cited by 36
Staying awake – a genetic region that hinders α 2 adrenergic receptor agonist‐induced sleep
Gelegen, Ç., Gent, T. C., Ferretti, V., Zhang, Z., Yustos, R., Lan, F., Yang, Q., Overington, D. W. U., Vyssotski, A. L., van Lith, H. A., et al. (2014) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.12570 · Cited by 30
Self-citationGABA-A receptors in mPOAH simultaneously regulate sleep and body temperature in freely moving rats
Jha, S. K., Yadav, V., & Mallick, B. N. (2001) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(01)00587-1 · Cited by 24
Neuronal substrates for initiation, maintenance, and structural organization of sleep/wake states
Eban-Rothschild, A., & de Lecea, L. (2017) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.9677.1 · Cited by 19
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
GABA and glutamate neurons in the VTA regulate sleep and wakefulness
Yu, X., Li, W., Ma, Y., Tossell, K., Harris, J. J., Harding, E. C., Ba, W., Miracca, G., Wang, D., Li, L., et al. (2018) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0288-9 · Cited by 326
Self-citationNeurons that regulate mouse torpor
Hrvatin, S., Sun, S., Wilcox, O. F., Yao, H., Lavin-Peter, A. J., Cicconet, M., Assad, E. G., Palmer, M. E., Aronson, S., Banks, A. S., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2387-5 · Cited by 297
The Temperature Dependence of Sleep
Harding, E. C., Franks, N. P., & Wisden, W. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00336 · Cited by 261
“The heat generated by these mechanisms could activate the sensory receptors in the skin and so trigger NREM sleep (Harding et al., 2018).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationA Motor Theory of Sleep-Wake Control: Arousal-Action Circuit
Liu, D., & Dan, Y. (2019) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-080317-061813 · Cited by 192
Neuro-orchestration of sleep and wakefulness
Sulaman, B. A., Wang, S., Tyan, J., & Eban-Rothschild, A. (2022) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-022-01236-w · Cited by 178
Metadata
- Authors
- Harding, E. C., Yu, X., Miao, A., Andrews, N., Ma, Y., Ye, Z., Lignos, L., Miracca, G., Ba, W., Yustos, R., Vyssotski, A. L., Wisden, W., & Franks, N. P.
- Affiliations
- Imperial College London (GB)
- UK Dementia Research Institute (GB)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Wisden, William
- Franks, Nicholas P.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Current Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-07
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 2263-2273.e4
- ISSN
- 0960-9822 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6078908
- OpenAlex
- W2883713442
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 8.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Current Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- ETH Zürich Research Collection (cc-by)
- Funders
- BBSRC (BB/F017324/1, 00093987, 2016/ALW/00093987, BB/L015129/1)
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (019.161LW.010)
- UK Dementia Research Institute
- UK Medical Research Council
- Alzheimer's Society
- Alzheimer’s Research UK
- UK Dementia
- Wellcome Trust (107839/Z/15/Z, 107841/Z/15/Z, 104931/Z/14/Z)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- sleep initiation, NREM sleep, body cooling, preoptic hypothalamus, GABAergic neurons, neural circuits, energy conservation, brain temperature
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Body Temperature Regulation, Cold Temperature, Hot Temperature, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Neurons, Preoptic Area, Sleep, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
