Mechanisms and functions of coupling between sleep and temperature rhythms
Abstract
Energy metabolism is strongly linked to the circadian rhythms in sleep and body temperature. Both heat production and heat loss show a circadian modulation. Sleep preferably occurs during the circadian phase of decreased heat production and increased heat loss, the latter due to a profound increase in skin blood flow and, consequently, skin warming. The coupling of these rhythms may differ depending on whether they are assessed in experimental laboratory studies or in habitual sleeping conditions. In habitual sleeping conditions, skin blood flow is for a prolonged time increased to a level hardly ever seen during wakefulness. Possible mechanisms linking the rhythms in sleep and core body and skin temperature are discussed, with a focus on causal effects of changes in core and skin temperature on sleep regulation. It is shown that changes in skin temperature rather than in core temperature causally affect sleep propensity. Contrary to earlier suggestions of a functional role of sleep in heat loss, it is argued that sleep facilitates a condition of increased skin blood flow during a prolonged circadian phase, yet limits heat loss and the risk of hypothermia. Sleep-related behavior including the creation of an isolated microclimate of high temperature by means of warm clothing and bedding in humans and the curling up, huddling and cuddling in animals all help limit heat loss The increase in skin blood flow that characterizes the sleeping period may thus not primarily reflect a thermoregulatory drive. There is indirect support for an alternative role of the prolonged period of increased skin blood flow: it may support maintenance of the skin as a primary barrier in host defense.
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Several neuronal systems directly or indirectly involved in sleep-wake regulation are sensitive to temperature.
“Indeed, several neuronal systems that are directly or indirectly involved in sleep–wake regulation are sensitive to temperature (reviewed in [84–86]).”
From Sleep, vigilance, and thermosensitivity (2012) · cites this paper as [86]
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Wang, Y., Liu, Y., Song, C., & Liu, J. (2015) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.04.015 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Effects of season on sleep and skin temperature in the elderly
Okamoto-Mizuno, K., & Tsuzuki, K. (2010) · International Journal of Biometeorology · doi:10.1007/s00484-009-0291-7 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Altered Skin-Temperature Regulation in Narcolepsy Relates to Sleep Propensity
Fronczek, R., Overeem, S., Lammers, G. J., van Dijk, J. G., & van Someren, E. J. W. (2006) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/29.11.1444 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Van Someren, E. J. W. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00557.2006 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Fronczek, R., Raymann, R. J. E. M., Romeijn, N., Overeem, S., Fischer, M., Dijk, J. G. V., Jan Lammers, G., & Van Someren, E. J. W. (2008) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/31.2.233 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Deletion of the<i>Snord116/SNORD116</i>Alters Sleep in Mice and Patients with Prader-Willi Syndrome
Lassi, G., Priano, L., Maggi, S., Garcia-Garcia, C., Balzani, E., El-Assawy, N., Pagani, M., Tinarelli, F., Giardino, D., Mauro, A., et al. (2016) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.5542 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Raymann, R. J. E. M., & Van Someren, E. J. W. (2007) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/30.1.96 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationManipulation of skin temperature improves nocturnal sleep in narcolepsy
Fronczek, R., Raymann, R. J. E. M., Overeem, S., Romeijn, N., van Dijk, J. G., Lammers, G. J., & Van Someren, E. J. W. (2008) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.143610 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Correlated Fluctuations of Daytime Skin Temperature and Vigilance
Romeijn, N., & Van Someren, E. J. W. (2011) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/0748730410391894 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Skin Temperature Rhythms in Humans Respond to Changes in the Timing of Sleep and Light
Cuesta, M., Boudreau, P., Cermakian, N., & Boivin, D. B. (2017) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/0748730417702974 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Romeijn, N., Verweij, I. M., Koeleman, A., Mooij, A., Steimke, R., Virkkala, J., van der Werf, Y., & Van Someren, E. J. W. (2012) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.2242 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationSato, N., Marui, S., Ozaki, M., & Nagashima, K. (2015) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.05.024 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- Van Someren, E. J. W.
- Venue
- Progress in Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 2006
- Volume
- 153
- Pages
- 309-324
- ISSN
- 0079-6123 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1590155247
- Cited by
- 209
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 9.85
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Progress in brain research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Keywords
- sleep, circadian rhythm, body temperature, skin blood flow, thermoregulation, heat loss, core body temperature, sleep regulation, sleep propensity, hypothermia, energy metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Body Temperature, Circadian Rhythm, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Models, Biological, Skin Physiological Phenomena, Sleep, Temperature, Rats
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