The Muskox Lost a Substantial Part of Its Genetic Diversity on Its Long Road to Greenland
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The muskox (Ovibos moschatus) is the largest terrestrial herbivore in the Arctic and plays a vital role in the tundra ecosystem [1-4]. Its range, abundance, and genetic diversity have declined dramatically over the past 30,000 years [5]. Two subspecies are recognized, but little is known about the genetic structure and how this relates to the species history. One unresolved question is how and when the species dispersed into its present range, notably the present strongholds in the Canadian archipelago and Greenland. We used genotyping by sequencing (GBS) data from 116 muskox individuals and genotype likelihood-based methods to infer the genetic diversity and distribution of genetic variation in the species. We identified a basal split separating the two recognized subspecies, in agreement with isolation of the muskox into several refugia in the Nearctic around 21,000 years ago [6], near the last glacial maximum (LGM). In addition, we found evidence of strong, successive founder effects inflicting a progressive loss of genetic diversity as the muskox colonized the insular High Arctic from an unknown Nearctic origin. These have resulted in exceptionally low genetic diversity in the Greenlandic populations, as well as extremely high genetic differentiation among regional populations. Our results highlight the need for further investigations of genetic erosion in Nearctic terrestrial mammals, of which several show similar colonization histories in the High Artic.
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Extreme shifts in habitat suitability under contemporary climate change for a high-Arctic herbivore
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“Although muskoxen have not been viewed to be sufficiently variable to warrant sub-species recognition 7 , recent genome analysis showed a distinct clustering of barren-ground muskoxen separate from the Greenland and Arctic Island muskoxen 9,31 .”
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The muskox world: human-animal histories in the Arctic
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Draft Genome Assembly of an Iconic Arctic Species: Muskox (Ovibos moschatus)
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Genome analyses suggest recent speciation and postglacial isolation in the Norwegian lemming
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Wolf density and predation patterns in the Canadian High Arctic
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A refined guide for aging muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) based on mandibular examination
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Muskox Ovibos moschatus (Zimmermann, 1780)
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Self-citationMONTAGE: MOSKUSOKSER I DELE OG HELER I KANGERLUSSUAQ, VESTGRØNLAND
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Muskox Ovibos moschatus (Zimmermann, 1780)
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Self-citationIntroduction: human-muskox pathways through millennia
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Muskox Ovibos moschatus (Zimmermann, 1780)
Schmidt, N. M., & Stelvig, M. (2022) · Handbook of the mammals of Europe · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-24475-0_29
Self-citationRetracing the Response of Rangifer to Postglacial Climate Change in Arctic Islands
Dance, M., Saupe, E. E., Farnsworth, A., Valdes, P. J., & Macias‐Fauria, M. (2026) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.73125
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The muskox (Ovibos moschatus) in Sweden: update on a small wild population with an uncertain fate
Winter, R. M., Åsberg, A., Ericsson, M., Jelk, L., Larsson, J., & Hansson, S. V. (2025) · Polar Research · doi:10.33265/polar.v44.11094
- Authors
- Hansen, C. C. R., Hvilsom, C., Schmidt, N. M., Aastrup, P., Van Coeverden de Groot, P. J., Siegismund, H. R., & Heller, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Copenhagen Zoo (DK)
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Heller, Rasmus
- ORCID
- Venue
- Current Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-12
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 4022-4028.e5
- ISSN
- 0960-9822 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2905411637
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 2.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Current Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Villum Foundation Young Investigator (VKR023447)
- Torben and Alice Frimodts Foundation
- June 15th Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Forensic and Genetic Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Keywords
- Ovibos moschatus, genetic diversity, founder effect, population structure, refugia, Last Glacial Maximum, colonization history, Nearctic origin, Arctic tundra, Greenland, subspecies differentiation, genetic erosion
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Arctic Regions, Greenland, Ruminants, Genetic Variation, Phylogeography, Animal Distribution
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