Drug repurposing: a promising tool to accelerate the drug discovery process
Open accessAbstract
Traditional drug discovery and development involves several stages for the discovery of a new drug and to obtain marketing approval. It is necessary to discover new strategies for reducing the drug discovery time frame. Today, drug repurposing has gained importance in identifying new therapeutic uses for already-available drugs. Typically, repurposing can be achieved serendipitously (unintentional fortunate observations) or through systematic approaches. Numerous strategies to discover new indications for FDA-approved drugs are discussed in this article. Drug repurposing has therefore become a productive approach for drug discovery because it provides a novel way to explore old drugs for new use but encounters several challenges. Some examples of different approaches are reviewed here.
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Computational tools can identify ligands, decode drug ingredient binding schemas, and highlight promising candidates from an expansive list of potential compounds.
“These tools can identify ligands, decode drug ingredient binding schemas, and highlight promising candidates from an expansive list of potential compounds.27,31,32”
From Drug repurposing for cancer therapy (2024) · cites this paper as [27]
The Computational approaches section describes methods that predict drug–protein interactions and assess binding to find compounds that may bind the same target. But the Repurposing approaches section specifically assigns identification of ligand-binding interactions and lead compounds from large libraries to experimental binding assays and phenotypic screening, not computational tools. The claim therefore combines capabilities the paper describes under different approaches. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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MethodDrug repurposing for cancer therapy
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BackgroundMethodDrug Repurposing: An Effective Tool in Modern Drug Discovery
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“Apart from serendipitous observations, drug repurposing can be executed through several strategies including binding assays and phenotypic screening methods or computational methods, as presented in Table 1 [23].”
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“Drug repositioning, the new use of old clinically approved drugs, can save time and cost with low risk (15, 16).”
BackgroundParvathaneni, V., Kulkarni, N. S., Shukla, S. K., Farrales, P., Kunda, N. K., Muth, A., & Gupta, V. (2020) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics12030206 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
“In this milieu, drug repurposing provides an opportunity to identify a new indication for an old FDA-approved drug [13,15].”
BackgroundSelf-citationMohi-ud-din, R., Chawla, A., Sharma, P., Mir, P. A., Pottoo, F. H., Reiner, Ž., Reiner, I., Ateşşahin, D. A., Sharifi‐Rad, J., Mir, R. H., et al. (2023) · European journal of medical research · doi:10.1186/s40001-023-01275-4 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“Even though polypharmacological substances are responsible for triggering undesirable side effects, their activities can be used, because they offer the possibility of additional indications for a specific drug [42].”
BackgroundRepurposed and investigational disease-modifying drugs in osteoarthritis (DMOADs)
Oo, W. M., & Hunter, D. J. (2022) · Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease · doi:10.1177/1759720x221090297 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Repurposing drugs in oncology: From candidate selection to clinical adoption
Pantziarka, P., Verbaanderd, C., Huys, I., Bouche, G., & Meheus, L. (2021) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.01.008 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Pun, N. T., & Jeong, C. (2021) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph14050470 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“Drug repurposing approaches are achieved either experimentally or through a computational method by identification of drugs with new indications, new targets, new effects, and unexplored mechanisms [20].”
BackgroundInhalable bedaquiline-loaded cubosomes for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Patil, S. M., Sawant, S. S., & Kunda, N. K. (2021) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121046 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
A review for cell-based screening methods in drug discovery
Wei, F., Sicen, W., & Gou, X. (2021) · Biophysics Reports · doi:10.52601/bpr.2021.210042 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“However, it remains a high failure rate in drug discovery, which causes the tendency to discover new targets for drug repurposing for more diseases (Moridani and Harirforoosh 2014; Parvathaneni et al. 2019; Wang 2018).”
BackgroundThe Art of Finding the Right Drug Target: Emerging Methods and Strategies
Jia, Z.-C., Yang, X., Wu, Y., Li, M., Das, D., Chen, M., & Wu, J. (2024) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pharmrev.123.001028 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Malheiro, V., Santos, B., Figueiras, A., & Mascarenhas‐Melo, F. (2025) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph18060788 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“This approach was historically centered on single-target drug development, but modern strategies have since evolved to enhance efficiency [24,25].”
Drug repurposing: An effective strategy to accelerate contemporary drug discovery
Zhan, P., Yu, B., & Ouyang, L. (2022) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2022.05.026 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Drug repurposing using real-world data
Tan, G. S. Q., Sloan, E. K., Lambert, P., Kirkpatrick, C. M. J., & Ilomäki, J. (2022) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103422 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Repurposing Artemisinin and its Derivatives as Anticancer Drugs: A Chance or Challenge?
Ma, Z., Woon, C. Y.-N., Liu, C., Cheng, J.-T., You, M., Sethi, G., Wong, A. L., Ho, P. C., Zhang, D., Ong, P.-S., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.828856 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“, 2019), greatly reducing the cost and increasing the patients’ access to the treatment (Parvathaneni et al., 2019).”
BackgroundBousquet, J., Antó, J. M., Sousa‐Pinto, B., Czarlewski, W., Bedbrook, A., Haahtela, T., Klimek, L., Pfaar, O., Kuna, P., Kupczyk, M., et al. (2023) · Clinical and Translational Allergy · doi:10.1002/clt2.12215 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Cui, C., Ding, X., Wang, D., Chen, L., Xiao, F., Xu, T., Zheng, M., Luo, X., Jiang, H., & Chen, K. (2021) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btab191 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Sun, T., Zhen, T., Harakandi, C. H., Wang, L., Guo, H., Chen, Y., & Sun, H. (2024) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116569 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
A Comprehensive Review of Drug Repurposing Strategies against Known Drug Targets of COVID-19
Khataniar, A., Pathak, U., Rajkhowa, S., & Jha, A. N. (2022) · COVID · doi:10.3390/covid2020011 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Diuretics: a contemporary pharmacological classification?
Kehrenberg, M. C. A., & Bachmann, H. S. (2022) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-022-02228-0 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“, rare diseases or cancer with lower clinical risks and lower costs (Parvathaneni et al. 2019; Sleire et al. 2017; Talevi 2021).”
BackgroundDrug repurposing—an emerging strategy in cancer therapeutics
Turabi, K. S., Deshmukh, A. J., Paul, S., Swami, D., Siddiqui, S., Kumar, U., Naikar, S., Devarajan, S., Basu, S., Paul, M. K., et al. (2022) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-022-02263-x · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Traditional drug development is time-consuming, as it would take 10–15 years for the new drug to come into the market (Parvathaneni et al. 2019).”
BackgroundRácz, B., & Spengler, G. (2023) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics12010137 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“The approach has to face several challenges, including the lack of knowledge on regulatory requirements, financial and resource difficulties, new problems in clinical trials resulting in missing or inadequate proof, intellectual property issues that can hamper the commercialization of the given drug, and market analys…”
BackgroundArtificial intelligence for drug repurposing against infectious diseases
Singh, A. (2024) · Artificial Intelligence Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.aichem.2024.100071 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Drug Repurposing: Considerations to Surpass While Re-directing Old Compounds for New Treatments
Juárez-López, D., & Schcolnik‐Cabrera, A. (2020) · Archives of Medical Research · doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.10.021 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Artificial intelligence for life sciences: A comprehensive guide and future trends
Luo, M., Yang, W., Bai, L., Zhang, L., Huang, J., Cao, Y.-H., Xie, Y., Tong, L., Zhang, H., Lei, Y., et al. (2024) · The Innovation Life · doi:10.59717/j.xinn-life.2024.100105 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Drug Repurposing: A Strategy for Discovering Inhibitors against Emerging Viral Infections
Nascimento, I. J. D. S., de Aquino, T. M., & da Silva‐Júnior, E. F. (2020) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0929867327666200812215852 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Effective drugs used to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection and the current status of vaccines
Awadasseid, A., Wu, Y., Tanaka, Y., & Zhang, W. (2021) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111330 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“assessment, and pharmacokinetic studies of FDA-approved drugs [120, 121].”
Parvathaneni, V., Kulkarni, N. S., Chauhan, G., Shukla, S. K., Elbatanony, R. S., Patel, B., Kunda, N. K., Muth, A., & Gupta, V. (2020) · Materials Science and Engineering C · doi:10.1016/j.msec.2020.111139 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationPerspectives on drug repurposing to overcome cancer multidrug resistance mediated by ABCB1 and ABCG2
Wu, C., Hsiao, S.-H., & Wu, Y. (2023) · Drug Resistance Updates · doi:10.1016/j.drup.2023.101011 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Bousquet, J., Toumi, M., Sousa‐Pinto, B., Antó, J. M., Bedbrook, A., Czarlewski, W., Valiulis, A., Ansotegui, I. J., Bosnic-Anticevich, S. Z., Brussino, L., et al. (2022) · The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology In Practice · doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2022.07.020 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Targeting cuproptosis by zinc pyrithione in triple-negative breast cancer
Xu, Y., Deng, L., Diao, X., Yang, S., Zou, L., Yang, Q., Li, J., Nie, J., Zhao, L., & Jiao, B. (2023) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.108218 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“30 Hence, drug repurposing for TNBC treatment is a promising strategy.”
BackgroundRepurposing of Chronically Used Drugs in Cancer Therapy: A Chance to Grasp
Hijazi, M. A., Gessner, A., & El‐Najjar, N. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15123199 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Deka, P., Gogoi, D., Althubeiti, K., Rao, D. R., & Thakuria, R. (2021) · Crystal Growth & Design · doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.1c00339 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Franco‐Trepat, E., Alonso‐Pérez, A., Guillán‐Fresco, M., Mora, A. J., Crespo-Golmar, A., López‐Fagúndez, M., Pazos‐Pérez, A., Gualillo, O., Bravo, S. B., & Gómez, R. (2021) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.15707 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Therefore, the search for new properties in currently approved safe drugs is a cost-effective and time-saving strategy (Parvathaneni et al., 2019).”
BackgroundNassar, H., Sippl, W., Abu‐Dahab, R., & Taha, M. O. (2023) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d3ra01145c · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“49 Accord-ingly, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotics are introduced herein to have the structural features required for GSK3 b inhibition.”
Wadan, A.-H. S., El‐Aziz, M. K. A., & Ellakwa, D. E. (2025) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-025-04155-2 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“The long-term effects of introducing GMMs into the human body remain unclear, necessitating continuous research and transparent communication with the public to monitor their implications (Parvathaneni et al. 2019b).”
Repurposed anti-cancer drugs: the future for anti-infective therapy?
Quezada, H., Martínez‐Vázquez, M., López-Jácome, L. E., González‐Pedrajo, B., Andrade, Á., Fernández-Presas, A. M., Tovar-García, A., & García‐Contreras, R. (2020) · Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy · doi:10.1080/14787210.2020.1752665 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
De Lellis, L., Veschi, S., Tinari, N., Mokini, Z., Carradori, S., Brocco, D., Florio, R., Grassadonia, A., & Cama, A. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13163946 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Parvathaneni, V., Shukla, S. K., & Gupta, V. (2023) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15031001 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“As the discovery or development of new drugs may take exorbitantly long times, drug repurposing has become an attractive strategy to discover new uses of old FDA-approved drugs [6].”
BackgroundSelf-citationReconciling multiple connectivity scores for drug repurposing
Samart, K., Tuyishime, P., Krishnan, A., & Ravi, J. (2021) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/bbab161 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“Connectivity-based drug repurposing has been used to discover drugs in various cancers and non-cancer diseases [5].”
BackgroundAlandijany, T. A., El-Daly, M. M., Tolah, A. M., Bajrai, L. H., Khateb, A. M., Kumar, G. S., Dubey, A., Dwivedi, V. D., & Azhar, E. I. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-41820-z · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“The recent studies have proven that repurposing of FDA drugs using computational approaches has been an effective approach for drug identification for treatment of several diseases 22,23 .”
BackgroundOvercoming Therapy Resistance in Colon Cancer by Drug Repurposing
Zarif, T. E., Yibirin, M., Oliveira-Gomes, D. D., Machaalani, M., Nawfal, R., Carlini, G. B., Bahmad, H. F., & Bitar, N. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14092105 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Many approaches group together into either experimental or computational models [24,35].”
BackgroundFacilitating Drug Discovery in Human Disease Models Using Insects
Matsumoto, Y. (2020) · Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.1248/bpb.b19-00834 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Osuna‐Ramos, J. F., Farfán-Morales, C. N., Cordero‐Rivera, C. D., Jesús‐González, L. A. D., Reyes-Ruíz, J. M., Hurtado-Monzón, A. M., Palacios-Rápalo, S. N., Jiménez-Camacho, R., Meraz‐Ríos, M. A., & del Ángel, R. M. (2023) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v15071465 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
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Yasir, M., Park, J., Han, E., Park, W. S., Han, J., Kwon, Y.-S., Lee, H. J., & Chun, W. (2023) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01090 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Parvathaneni, V., Elbatanony, R. S., Goyal, M., Chavan, T., Vega, N., Kolluru, S., Muth, A., Gupta, V., & Kunda, N. K. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22094783 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“To overcome this emerging challenge, repurposing of old drugs has gained much traction and has led to the identification of some promising FDA-approved drugs for lung cancer treatment [3,4].”
BackgroundSelf-citationKaushal, J., Bhatia, R., Kanchan, R., Raut, P., Mallapragada, S., Ly, Q., Batra, S., & Rachagani, S. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13133105 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“This method is more economical, faster, good safety profiles, and a considerably higher probability of success at the preclinical and clinical level than canonical/traditional drug development strategy [11].”
BackgroundNanomedicine for Gene Delivery and Drug Repurposing in the Treatment of Muscular Dystrophies
Andreana, I., Repellin, M., Carton, F., Kryza, D., Briançon, S., Chazaud, B., Mounier, R., Arpicco, S., Malatesta, M., Stella, B., et al. (2021) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics13020278 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Drug repurposing is an effective strategy to reuse existing licensed drugs for novel medical indication while reducing development time, costs and minimising risk of failure [112,206].”
Arbo, B. D., Schimith, L. E., dos Santos, M. G., & Hort, M. A. (2022) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174800 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Machine learning to design antimicrobial combination therapies: Promises and pitfalls
Cantrell, J. M., Chung, C. H., & Chandrasekaran, S. (2022) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2022.04.006 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Elmahboub, Y., Albash, R., Ahmed, S., & Salah, S. (2025) · AAPS PharmSciTech · doi:10.1208/s12249-025-03233-1 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Paul, A., Anand, R., Karmakar, S. P., Rawat, S., Bairagi, N., & Chatterjee, S. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-80561-1 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Drug repurposing for stroke intervention
Ghosh, D., Sehgal, K., Sodnar, B., Bhosale, N., Sarmah, D., Datta, A., Chaudhary, A., Kalia, K., Wang, X., & Bhattacharya, P. (2022) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2022.03.003 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Peng, L., Bai, Z., Liu, L., Yang, L., Liu, X., Chen, M., & Chen, X. (2024) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2024.3476120 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Explainable drug repurposing via path based knowledge graph completion
Jiménez, A., Merino, M. J., Parras, J., & Zazo, S. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-67163-x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Cotrina, E. Y., Santos, L. M., Rivas, J., Blasi, D., Leite, J. P., Liz, M. A., Busquets, M. A., Planas, A., Prohens, R., Gimeno, A., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113847 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Drug Repurposing for the Management of Depression: Where Do We Stand Currently?
Sadeghi, H. M., Adeli, I., Mousavi, T., Daniali, M., Nikfar, S., & Abdollahi, M. R. (2021) · Life · doi:10.3390/life11080774 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Phenotypic screening Identifying compounds showing disease consequences related effects in model systems, without any prior information about targets Pros: testing many medications for a therapeutic effect over a complete range of concentration [34], high flexibility for administration to numerous drugs or diseases [3…”
BackgroundHeterogeneous Graph Attention Network for Drug-Target Interaction Prediction
Li, M., Cai, X., Li, L., Xu, S., & Ji, H. (2022) · ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM) · doi:10.1145/3511808.3557346 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Benefiting from the rapid development of biological and chemical technologies, predicting potential DTIs from heterogeneous biological data using machine learning (ML) based methods has become the promising strategy [6, 30, 35, 38].”
BackgroundPardhi, E. R., Tomar, D. S., Khemchandani, R., Srivastava, V., Pawar, A., Yadav, R., Goud, D., Godugu, C., Samanthula, G., & Mehra, N. K. (2025) · Journal of Molecular Liquids · doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2025.127225 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Pleiotropic effects of anti-diabetic drugs: A comprehensive review
Nath, M., Bhattacharjee, K., & Choudhury, Y. (2020) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173349 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Pathak, Y., Mishra, A., Choudhir, G., Kumar, A., & Tripathi, V. (2021) · Pharmacological Reports · doi:10.1007/s43440-021-00228-0 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Alotaibi, G., & Alkhammash, A. (2025) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2025.177509 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Parvathaneni, V., Shukla, S. K., Kulkarni, N. S., & Gupta, V. (2021) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121038 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationSun, J., Xu, M., Ru, J., James-Bott, A., Xiong, D., Wang, X., & Cribbs, A. P. (2023) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115500 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Innovative drug delivery strategies to the CNS for the treatment of multiple sclerosis
Mwema, A., Muccioli, G. G., & Rieux, A. D. (2023) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.052 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Yu, W., Wang, Z., Dai, P., Sun, J., Li, J., Han, W., & Li, K. (2023) · Journal of drug targeting · doi:10.1080/1061186x.2023.2265585 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Drug repurposing has recently been identified as a cost-effective approach to rapidly bringing approved drugs into clinical treatment [44].”
BackgroundAdvances in the discovery of heterocyclic-based drugs against Alzheimer’s disease
Sánchez, J. D., Alcántara, A. R., González, J. F., & Sánchez-Montero, J. M. (2023) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1080/17460441.2023.2264766 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Furthermore, the long history of medicinal chemistry in small drug synthesis provides a solid background and promising opportunities to explore drug repurposing strategies, which are not available from a biological drug approach [110].”
BackgroundGauging the role and impact of drug interactions and repurposing in neurodegenerative disorders
Khatri, D. K., Kadbhane, A., Patel, M., Nene, S., Atmakuri, S., Srivastava, S., & Singh, S. B. (2021) · Current Research in Pharmacology and Drug Discovery · doi:10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100022 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Comprehensive Consensus Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Drug Repurposing Campaigns
Mslati, H., Gentile, F., Perez, C. F., & Cherkasov, A. R. (2021) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00384 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Repurposing old molecules for new indications: Defining pillars of success from lessons in the past
Mittal, N., & Mittal, R. (2021) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174569 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Identification and Development of Therapeutics for COVID-19
Rando, H. M., Wellhausen, N., Ghosh, S., Lee, A. J., Dattoli, A. A., Hu, F., Byrd, J. B., Rafizadeh, D. N., Qi, Y., Sun, Y., et al. (2021) · Lund University Publications (Lund University) · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Nanotechnology Based Repositioning of an Anti-Viral Drug for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
Parvathaneni, V., Goyal, M., Kulkarni, N. S., Shukla, S. K., & Gupta, V. (2020) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-020-02848-2 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“FDA approved molecules and hence accelerate the development process at lower costs (2).”
BackgroundSelf-citationA comprehensive review of small molecule drugs approved by the FDA in 2023: Advances and prospects
Bai, Y., Seng, D., Xu, Y. C., Zhang, Y., Zhou, W., Jia, Y.-Y., Song, J. Z., He, Z., Liu, H., & Yuan, S. (2024) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116706 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Oyejide, A. J., Adekunle, Y. A., Abodunrin, O. D., & Atoyebi, E. O. (2025) · Intelligent Pharmacy · doi:10.1016/j.ipha.2025.01.001 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Reprogramming of antibiotics to combat antimicrobial resistance
Dubey, K. K., Indu, & Sharma, M. (2020) · Archiv der Pharmazie · doi:10.1002/ardp.202000168 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
β-lactam antibiotics to tame down molecular pathways of Alzheimer's disease
Kumari, S., & Deshmukh, R. R. (2021) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173877 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
DDA-SKF: Predicting Drug–Disease Associations Using Similarity Kernel Fusion
Gao, C.-Q., Zhou, Y.-K., Xin, X., Min, H., & Du, P.-F. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.784171 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Today, drug repositioning has gained importance in identifying new therapeutic purposes for already-approved drugs (Parvathaneni et al., 2019).”
BackgroundDas, P., Yogita, Y., Anal, S. R. N., Pal, V., & Yadav, A. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics · doi:10.1109/tcbb.2022.3215645 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Empirical methods for exploring this chemical space happen to be very time consuming and costly [2], [3], [4].”
MethodGuo, X., Song, J., Liu, M., Ou, X., & Guo, Y. (2024) · Cancer Biology & Therapy · doi:10.1080/15384047.2024.2356831 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“252,253 Nevertheless, implementing a high-throughput screening system for TDSEV inhibitors, coupled with quantitative assays to simultaneously assess multiple candidate inhibitors, might enhance effectiveness.”
BackgroundRepurposing Pimavanserin, an Anti-Parkinson Drug for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy
Ramachandran, S., & Srivastava, S. (2020) · Molecular Therapy — Oncolytics · doi:10.1016/j.omto.2020.08.019 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Drug repurposing has the potential to surpass several challenges associated with de novo drug discovery and guarantees quick clinical trials due to the already-established pharmacokinetics, tolerability, safety, and toxicity profile of the drug.(5) Antipsychotic drugs such as pimozide, penfluridol, fluspirilene, halop…”
BackgroundYamashita, T., Kamikaseda, S., Tanaka, A., Tozaki‐Saitoh, H., Caaveiro, J. M. M., Inoue, K., & Tsuda, M. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10020434 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Indeed, recent studies have pointed to new unexpected pharmacological effects of approved drugs and have provided potential insights into their eventual repurposing [20].”
BackgroundTan, X., He, Y., Huang, Y., Zheng, C., Li, J., Liu, Q., He, M., Li, B., & Xu, W. (2021) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.83 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Oromucosal products – Market landscape and innovative technologies: A review
Bastos, F., Pinto, A. C., Nunes, A., & Simões, S. (2022) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.053 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4(DPP4) inhibitors stride up the management of Parkinson's disease
Maanvi, Kumari, S., & Deshmukh, R. R. (2022) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175426 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Vaz, E. S., Vassiliades, S. V., Giarolla, J., Polli, M. C., & Parise‐Filho, R. (2023) · European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00228-023-03486-4 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The Current Challenges for Drug Discovery in CNS Remyelination
Balestri, S., Giovane, A. D., Sposato, C., Ferrarelli, M., & Ragnini‐Wilson, A. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22062891 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Editorial: Novel Small-Molecule Agents in Overcoming Multidrug Resistance in Cancers
Cui, Q., Wang, C., Zeng, L., Zhou, Q., & Fan, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Chemistry · doi:10.3389/fchem.2022.921985 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Eltabeeb, M. A., Abdellatif, M. M., El-Nabarawi, M. A., Teaima, M. H. M., Hamed, M. I. A., Darwish, K. M., Hassan, M., Hamdan, A. M., & Hamed, R. R. (2024) · Nanomedicine · doi:10.1080/17435889.2024.2359364 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Wei, S., Sasi, C., Piepenbrock, J., Huynen, M. A., & Hoen, P. A. C. ’. (2025) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2025.110873 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Repurposing of Medicines in the EU: Launch of a Pilot Framework
Asker-Hagelberg, C., Boráň, T., Bouygues, C., Eskola, S. M., Helmle, L., Hernández, C., Houÿez, F., Lee, H., Lingri, D., Louette, L., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.817663 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Elzahhar, P. A., Nematalla, H. A., Al-Koussa, H., Abrahamian, C., El-Yazbi, A. F., Bodgi, L., Bou-Gharios, J., Azzi, J., Al-Choboq, J., Labib, H. F., et al. (2023) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01408 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Drug Repositioning Using Computer-aided Drug Design (CADD)
Rawat, S., Subramaniam, K., Subramanian, S. K., Saravanan, S., Dhanabalan, S., Chidambaram, S. K. M., Stalin, B., Roy, A., Nagaprasad, N., Aruna, M., et al. (2023) · Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology · doi:10.2174/1389201024666230821103601 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Martins, M., Veiga, F., Paiva‐Santos, A. C., & Pires, P. C. (2025) · ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science · doi:10.1021/acsptsci.4c00679 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
- Authors
- Parvathaneni, V., Kulkarni, N. S., Muth, A., & Gupta, V.
- Affiliations
- St. John's University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gupta, Vivek
- Venue
- Drug Discovery Today
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-10
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2076-2085
- ISSN
- 1359-6446 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11920972
- OpenAlex
- W2951512731
- Semantic Scholar
- 023e169dfa4fe591ef24cf91b93e0d7371bb3400
- Cited by
- 597
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 80 · 2025: 137 · 2024: 130 · 2023: 96 · 2022: 77 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 3.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Drug Discovery Today (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Health Research Alliance (cc-by)
- Funders
- NIH (1R15HL138606-01A1)
- American Heart Association (18AIREA33960072)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computational Theory and Mathematics › Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Historical Medical Research and Treatments
- Keywords
- drug repurposing, FDA-approved drugs, new therapeutic indications, serendipitous drug discovery, drug development challenges
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Drug Discovery, Drug Repositioning
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