Mindfulness meditation improves emotion regulation and reduces drug abuse
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The core clinical symptoms of addiction include an enhanced incentive for drug taking (craving), impaired self-control (impulsivity and compulsivity), emotional dysregulation (negative mood) and increased stress reactivity. Symptoms related to impaired self-control involve reduced activity in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), adjacent prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and other brain areas. Behavioral training such as mindfulness meditation can increase the function of control networks including those leading to improved emotion regulation and thus may be a promising approach for the treatment of addiction. METHODS: In a series of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), we tested whether increased ACC/mPFC activity is related to better self-control abilities in executive functions, emotion regulation and stress response in healthy and addicted populations. After a brief mindfulness training (Integrative Body-Mind Training, IBMT), we used the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and Profile of Mood States (POMS) to measure emotion regulation, salivary cortisol for the stress response and fMRI for brain functional and DTI structural changes. Relaxation training was used to serve as an active control. RESULTS: In both smokers and nonsmokers, improved self-control abilities in emotion regulation and stress reduction were found after training and these changes were related to increased ACC/mPFC activity following training. Compared with nonsmokers, smokers showed reduced ACC/mPFC activity in the self-control network before training, and these deficits were ameliorated after training. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that promoting emotion regulation and improving ACC/mPFC brain activity can help for addiction prevention and treatment.
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Aspects of ACT, such as reducing avoidance and increasing present moment awareness, have been found to effectively reduce substance use via improving emotional regulation.
“Aspects of ACT, such as reducing avoidance and increasing present moment awareness, have been found to effectively reduce substance use via improving emotional regulation (Conklin et al., 2015; Tang et al., 2016).”
From “I don’t want to take buprenorphine for the rest of my life”: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for a Client Struggling to Reduce Low-Dose Buprenorphine (a Hermeneutic Single-Case Efficacy Design) (2023) · cites this paper as Tang et al., 2016
Additional literature has also discovered similar findings, however improved substance use by teaching BA techniques.
“Additional literature has also discovered similar findings, however improved substance use by teaching BA techniques (Conklin et al., 2015; Tang et al., 2016).”
From “I don’t want to take buprenorphine for the rest of my life”: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for a Client Struggling to Reduce Low-Dose Buprenorphine (a Hermeneutic Single-Case Efficacy Design) (2023) · cites this paper as Tang et al., 2016
ME contributed to improve emotion regulation and brain activity to prevent and treat the addiction.
“This situation could be reversed by ME, which contributed to improve emotion regulation and brain activity to prevent and treat the addiction [51,52].”
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Meditation-induced effects on whole-brain structural and effective connectivity
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Mindful Coping Power: Comparative Effects on Children’s Reactive Aggression and Self-Regulation
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“Brain imaging research with adults and college students indicates that mindfulness training yields improvements in brain regions associated with emotion regulation [35,36].”
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“…to stressors, promoting better emotion regulation and stress reduction (Fan et al., 2014; González-Palau & Medrano, 2022; Pawlow & Jones, 2005; tang et al., 2016). consistent with these findings, a series of Rct studies have shown that short-term iBMt improves attention control, emotion…”
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“&roughout the recovery process, individuals with SUD often experience negative emotions, including anxiety [7–10], depression [11, 12], stress [8, 10, 12], and negative affect [9, 11, 12].”
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“Behavioral training such as mindfulness meditation can increase the function of the control network, improve the function of the emotion regulation network, and reduce the avoidance of negative emotions, making it an effective method for treating addiction (Tang et al., 2016).”
Impulsivity and Mindfulness among Inpatients with Alcohol Use Disorder
Gallo, G. G., Curado, D. F., Opaleye, E. S., Donate, A. P. G., Scattone, V. V., & Noto, A. R. (2020) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2020.1833924 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
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“Relevant research found that meditation practice could promote emotion regulation, increase brain activity in the ACC and mPFC, improve supervision and attention control ability, and help prevent and treat addiction (32,33).”
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Effectiveness of an alternative intervention in the treatment of depressive symptoms
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Mindfulness-based interventions for substance use disorders
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Altered Resting-State Network in Adolescents with Problematic Internet Use
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neurociencia como fundamento de la educación emocional
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“Finally, these results may be related to improved emotional regulation of the unpleasant bodily sensations or negative affect states, reducing affective and cognitive reactivity (Grossman, 2018; Tang et al., 2016).”
BackgroundThe nuances of emotion regulation difficulties and mindfulness in food addiction
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A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effect of Tai Chi on the Drug Craving in Women
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“Tang et al. (2016) reported that mindfulness meditation can improve reduced activity in the anterior cingulate cortex and adjacent prefrontal cortex to prevent and treat addiction.”
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“According to a previous report, enhancing emotion regulation and improving activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and medial PFC (mPFC) may contribute to the prevention and treatment of addiction [60].”
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“Therefore, adolescence can be considered a critical stage for interventions to improve emotional competence, such as Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training (MBRT) [28], Penn resilience program (PRP) [29], and Integrative Body-Mind Training (IBMT) [30].”
BackgroundOrlowski, P., Hobot, J., Ruban, A., Szczypiński, J., & Bola, M. (2023) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811231216322 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“…can have similar effects on emotionality as the use of psychedelics (Millière et al., 2018; Orłowski et al., 2022; Simonsson and Goldberg, 2023; Tang et al., 2016), we utilized weights in our statistical models to mitigate the influence of individuals with a history of extensive meditation…”
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“Our findings imply the importance of medial OFC recovery to protracted abstinence that can be attained via the implementation of pharmacological or psychological interventions such as alcohol skills training [52] or mindfulness techniques targeting negative affect [53].”
BackgroundMindfulness as a Promoter of Adaptive Development in Adolescence
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Development of the Risk of Relapse Assessment Scale for methamphetamine abusers in China
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Spiritual care performed in a drug user clinic
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“In agreement with the statements that point to anxiety reduction as one of the effects after meditation, one study found that the mindfulness meditation practice can help a person gain the ability to cope with their emotions, helping to deal with anxieties and cravings related to the drug(21).”
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Psychedelic Therapy: A Primer for Primary Care Clinicians—Ketamine
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“, 2007; Friese and Hofmann, 2016; Kaunhoven and Dorjee, 2017), emotion regulation (Teper et al., 2013; Roemer et al., 2015; Tang et al., 2016), self-control (Bowlin and Baer, 2012; Friese et al.”
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“…behavior therapy skills training (Cavicchioli et al., 2020; Maffei et al., 2018), could be more appropriate for the internalizing form of AUD in the light of their well-documented therapeutic effects on negative affectivity (Cavicchioli et al., 2018) and emotion regulation (Tang et al., 2016).”
BackgroundEnhanced amygdala–anterior cingulate white matter structural connectivity in Sahaja Yoga Meditators
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“, 2019), emotional regulation as a predictor of substance abuse and addictive behaviours (Tang et al., 2016; Estevez et al., 2017), the use of maladaptive strategies in eating disorders (Dingemans et al.”
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“It appears that mind-fulness can be regarded as a useful and adaptive emotion regulation strategy, by encouraging people to simply focus their attention and awareness on what is happening at the present moment, without responding to the emotional events (Tang et al. 2016).”
Atypical Anxiety-Related Amygdala Reactivity and Functional Connectivity in Sant Mat Meditation
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“Brain imaging studies indicate that mindfulness training is linked to improvements in the density of brain regions linked to emotion regulation [65].”
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“51–53 In the context of smartphone use, self-regulation serves as a protective mechanism against the allure of immediate rewards linked to impulsivity 30–32 and the constant need for validation associated with narcissism.”
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“Thus, the results of this study show the impact of strengthening attentional regulation as a foundation for facilitating emotional regulation during this critical developmental period [18,27,48,73].”
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The Workaholism–Technostress Interplay: Initial Evidence on Their Mutual Relationship
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“Thus, the calming and soothing effects of essential oil may explain in part its effects reducing craving responses as observed with other substances (Limsanon and Kalayasiri, 2015; Tang et al., 2016).”
BackgroundSmoking Cessation for Those Pursuing Recovery from Substance Use Disorders
Derefinko, K. J., García, F. I. S., & Sumrok, D. D. (2018) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2018.02.014 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Cavicchioli, M., Ramella, P., Vassena, G., Simone, G., Prudenziati, F., Sirtori, F., Movalli, M., & Maffei, C. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106317 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Tang, Y.-Y., Tang, R., & Posner, M. I.
- Affiliations
- Texas Tech University (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- University of Oregon (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tang, Yi-Yuan
- Venue
- Drug and Alcohol Dependence
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-06
- Volume
- 163
- Pages
- S13-S18
- ISSN
- 0376-8716 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2418056822
- Cited by
- 306
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 33 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 3.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Drug and Alcohol Dependence (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Office of Naval Research
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- mindfulness meditation, emotion regulation, drug abuse, addiction treatment, self-control, anterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, stress response, salivary cortisol, smoking, craving, impulsivity, executive function, brain network activity, addiction prevention
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Emotions, Female, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Relaxation Therapy, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Prefrontal Cortex, Meditation, Substance-Related Disorders, Executive Function, Mindfulness
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