Microbiota and the gut-brain-axis: Implications for new therapeutic design in the CNS
Open accessAbstract
The recent revelation that the gut microbiome, home to approximately 100 trillion microorganisms, is implicated in the development of both health and disease has spurred an exponential increase in interdisciplinary research involving gut microbiology. In all this hype, there is a need to better understand and contextualize the emerging evidence for the role of the gut microbiota in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases, including central nervous system (CNS) malignancies. In this review, we aim to unravel the complex interactions of the microbiota-gut-brain-axis to pave a better understanding of microbiota-mediated pathogenesis, avenues for noninvasive prognosis, and therapeutic possibilities leveraging microbiota-gut-brain-axis modulations. We further provide insights of the ongoing transition from bench to bedside and discuss limitations of current approaches. Ultimately, we urge the continued development of synergistic therapeutic models with considerable consideration of the many gut-resident bacteria that will enable significant progress for the treatment of many neurological diseases.
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Several pathways by which the gut microbiota communicates with the CNS have been proposed, including modulation of the immune system, vagus nerve, enteric nervous system (ENS), neuroendocrine system, and circulatory system via the production of neuroactive substances, metabolites, and hormones.
“Although the gut and brain are anatomically separated, several pathways by which the gut microbiota communicates with the CNS have been proposed. These include modulation of the immune system, vagus nerve, enteric nervous system (ENS), neuroendocrine system, and circulatory system via the production of neuroactive substances, metabolites, and hormones (Fig. 1).31,32”
From Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [32]
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- Authors
- Liu, L., Huh, J. R., & Shah, K.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Shah, Khalid
- Venue
- eBioMedicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-03
- Volume
- 77
- Pages
- 103908
- ISSN
- 2352-3964 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8897630
- OpenAlex
- W4214887092
- Cited by
- 344
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 66 · 2025: 97 · 2024: 77 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 28
- FWCI
- 7.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
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- Locations
- EBioMedicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, gut-brain axis, neurodegenerative diseases, neurodevelopmental disorders, central nervous system malignancies, microbiota-targeted therapy, neurological disease treatment
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Brain-Gut Axis, Bacteria, Brain, Humans
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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