The DOI matches its Crossref record; 152 of the 190 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Does gamification improve student learning outcome? Evidence from a meta-analysis and synthesis of qualitative data in educational contexts
Abstract
Despite the buzz around gamification as an exciting new method to engage students, evidence of its ability to enhance learning is mixed. In fact, gamification has attracted considerable controversy (“gamification is bullshit”) and some derogatory labels such as “exploitationware.” Therefore, in order to make the case for or against gamification in education, it is important to examine the effects (if any) of gamification on student learning achievements. This study is a meta-analysis of 30 independent interventions (3,202 participants) drawn from 24 quantitative studies that have examined the effects of gamification on student academic performance in various educational settings. The results show an overall significant medium effect size in favor of gamification over learning without gamification (Hedges' g = 0.504, 95% CI [0.284–0.723], p
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Citations
Cites
Using thematic analysis in psychology
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006) · Qualitative Research in Psychology · doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa · Cited by 194,414
Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 · Cited by 56,722
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.55.1.68 · Cited by 54,599
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement.
(2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 44,859
(1975) · PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation) · Cited by 36,737
A theory of social comparison processes
Festinger, L. (1954) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/001872675400700202 · Cited by 20,926
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005 · Cited by 19,575
Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency
Bandura, A. (1982) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.37.2.122 · Cited by 15,975
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2009) · doi:10.1002/9780470743386 · Cited by 14,225
Shamseer, L., Moher, D., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., Shekelle, P., Stewart, L. A., & the PRISMA-P Group (2015) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.g7647 · Cited by 13,120
Flow: the psychology of optimal experience
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-0597 · Cited by 12,654
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2021) · doi:10.1002/9781119558378 · Cited by 9,799
Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics
Freeman, S., Eddy, S. L., McDonough, M., Smith, M. K., Okoroafor, N., Jordt, H., & Wenderoth, M. P. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1319030111 · Cited by 9,787
Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience
Buchanan, R., & Csíkszentmihályi, M. (1991) · Design Issues · doi:10.2307/1511458 · Cited by 9,449
(2000) · Cited by 9,198
The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results.
Rosenthal, R. (1979) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.638 · Cited by 9,068
Kilzer, E., & Skinner, B. F. (1953) · The American Catholic Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/3707860 · Cited by 8,940
From game design elements to gamefulness: defining "gamification"
Deterding, S., Dixon, D., Khaled, R., & Nacke, L. (2011) · Proceedings of the 15th International Academic MindTrek Conference: Envisioning Future Media Environments · doi:10.1145/2181037.2181040 · Cited by 8,402
Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey.
Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2002) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.57.9.705 · Cited by 7,766
Visible learning: a synthesis of over 800 meta‐analyses relating to achievement
Carter, M. (2009) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410903415150 · Cited by 7,696
Analyzing the Past to Prepare for the Future: Writing a Literature Review
Webster, J., & Watson, R. T. (2002) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/4132319 · Cited by 7,449
(2008) · Cited by 6,939
Methods of Meta-Analysis: Correcting Error and Bias in Research Findings
Schmidt, F. L., & Hunter, J. E. (2015) · doi:10.4135/9781483398105 · Cited by 5,542
Does Gamification Work? -- A Literature Review of Empirical Studies on Gamification
Hamari, J., Koivisto, J., & Sarsa, H. (2014) · 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences · doi:10.1109/hicss.2014.377 · Cited by 5,201
The Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis
(2019) · doi:10.7758/9781610448864 · Cited by 4,553
Funnel plots for detecting bias in meta-analysis
Sterne, J. A. C., & Egger, M. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00377-8 · Cited by 3,779
A systematic literature review of empirical evidence on computer games and serious games
Connolly, T. M., Boyle, E. A., MacArthur, E., Hainey, T., & Boyle, J. M. (2012) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2012.03.004 · Cited by 2,890
Goal setting and task performance: 1969-1980.
Locke, E. A., Shaw, K. N., Saari, L. M., & Latham, G. P. (1981) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.90.1.125 · Cited by 2,762
Reconsidering Research on Learning from Media
Clark, R. E. (1983) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543053004445 · Cited by 2,715
The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology
(2009) · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195187243.001.0001 · Cited by 2,696
Gamification by Design: Implementing Game Mechanics in Web and Mobile Apps
Zichermann, G., & Cunningham, C. J. L. (2011) · Cited by 2,378
(2012) · Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) · Cited by 2,354
Gamifying education: what is known, what is believed and what remains uncertain: a critical review
Dichev, C., & Dicheva, D. (2017) · International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education · doi:10.1186/s41239-017-0042-5 · Cited by 2,112
Sailer, M., Hense, J. U., Mayr, S. K., & Mandl, H. (2017) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.033 · Cited by 2,064
Engagement and disaffection in the classroom: Part of a larger motivational dynamic?
Skinner, E., Furrer, C., Marchand, G., & Kindermann, T. (2008) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0012840 · Cited by 2,037
Synthesizing information systems knowledge: A typology of literature reviews
Paré, G., Trudel, M.-C., Jaana, M., & Kitsiou, S. (2015) · Information & Management · doi:10.1016/j.im.2014.08.008 · Cited by 1,987
Are theories of learning necessary?
Skinner, B. F. (1950) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0054367 · Cited by 1,808
Meta-Analysis: Recent Developments in Quantitative Methods for Literature Reviews
Rosenthal, R., & DiMatteo, M. R. (2001) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.59 · Cited by 1,780
(2015) · Educational Technology & Society · Cited by 1,551
Publication bias in meta-analysis: Prevention, assessment and adjustments
Viechtbauer, W. (2007) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/s11336-006-1450-y · Cited by 1,508
Experimental methods: Between-subject and within-subject design
Charness, G., Gneezy, U., & Kuhn, M. A. (2012) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2011.08.009 · Cited by 1,469
Deslauriers, L., McCarty, L. S., Miller, K., Callaghan, K., & Kestin, G. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1821936116 · Cited by 1,371
Student engagement in high school classrooms from the perspective of flow theory
Shernoff, D. J., Csikszentmihalyi, M., Shneider, B., & Shernoff, E. S. (2003) · School Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1521/scpq.18.2.158.21860 · Cited by 1,237
Boyle, E. A., Hainey, T., Connolly, T. M., Gray, G., Earp, J., Ott, M., Lim, T., Ninaus, M., Ribeiro, C., & Pereira, J. (2016) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2015.11.003 · Cited by 1,133
What Is eSports and Why Do People Watch It?
Hamari, J., & Sjöblom, M. (2017) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-04-2016-0085 · Cited by 1,119
STATISTICAL ISSUES IN ECOLOGICAL META-ANALYSES
Gurevitch, J., & Hedges, L. V. (1999) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[1142:siiema]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 1,084
Stemler, S. E. (2020) · Scholarworks (University of Massachusetts Amherst) · doi:10.7275/96jp-xz07 · Cited by 1,064
Gamified learning in higher education: A systematic review of the literature
Subhash, S., & Cudney, E. A. (2018) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.05.028 · Cited by 1,043
Social Comparison: Why, With Whom, and With What Effect?
Suls, J. M., Martin, R., & Wheeler, L. S. (2002) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-8721.00191 · Cited by 1,014
Meta-analysis Spurious precision? Meta-analysis of observational studies
Egger, M., Schneider, M., & Smith, G. D. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7125.140 · Cited by 997
Making Learning Fun : A Taxonomy of Intrinsic Motivations for Learning
Malone, T. W., & Lepper, M. R. (2021) · doi:10.4324/9781003163244-10 · Cited by 912
Standard deviations and standard errors
Altman, D. G., & Bland, M. (2005) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7521.903 · Cited by 897
Cheung, A. C. K., & Slavin, R. E. (2013) · Educational Research Review · doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2013.01.001 · Cited by 792
Fu, R., Gartlehner, G., Grant, M., Shamliyan, T., Sedrakyan, A., Wilt, T. J., Griffith, L., Oremus, M., Raina, P., Ismaila, A., et al. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.08.010 · Cited by 730
Nakamura, J., & Csíkszentmihályi, M. (2009) · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195187243.013.0018 · Cited by 713
A mobile gamification learning system for improving the learning motivation and achievements
Su, C., & Cheng, C. (2015) · Journal of Computer Assisted Learning · doi:10.1111/jcal.12088 · Cited by 648
Korpershoek, H., Harms, T., de Boer, H., van Kuijk, M., & Doolaard, S. (2016) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654315626799 · Cited by 633
Motivation through conscious goal setting
Locke, E. A. (1996) · Applied and Preventive Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0962-1849(96)80005-9 · Cited by 626
An empirical study comparing gamification and social networking on e-learning
de-Marcos, L., Domínguez, A., Saenz-de-Navarrete, J., & Pagés, C. (2014) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2014.01.012 · Cited by 626
Motivation Interventions in Education: A Meta-Analytic Review
Lazowski, R. A., & Hulleman, C. S. (2016) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654315617832 · Cited by 607
A systematic review of research on the flipped learning method in engineering education
Karabulut‐Ilgu, A., Jaramillo Cherrez, N., & Jahren, C. T. (2018) · British Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.1111/bjet.12548 · Cited by 581
A Meta-analysis of the Effects of Computer Technology on School Students’ Mathematics Learning
Li, Q., & Ma, X. (2010) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-010-9125-8 · Cited by 558
Gamification in Education and Business
Reiners, T., & Wood, L. C. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-10208-5 · Cited by 530
The “I's” Have It: A Framework for Serious Educational Game Design
Annetta, L. A. (2010) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0018985 · Cited by 521
Chen, J., Wang, M., Kirschner, P. A., & Tsai, C. (2018) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654318791584 · Cited by 490
Studying Gamification: The Effect of Rewards and Incentives on Motivation
Richter, G., Raban, D. R., & Rafaeli, S. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-10208-5_2 · Cited by 479
A systematic mapping on gamification applied to education
Borges, S. S., Durelli, V. H. S., Reis, H. M., & Isotani, S. (2014) · ACM Symposium on Applied Computing · doi:10.1145/2554850.2554956 · Cited by 438
Procrastination, participation, and performance in online learning environments
Michinov, N., Brunot, S., Bohec, O. L., Juhel, J., & Delaval, M. (2010) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2010.07.025 · Cited by 425
van der Veer, R. (1998) · Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6696(199823)34:4 · Cited by 425
The Gamification of Learning and Instruction Fieldbook: Ideas into Practice
Kapp, K. M. (2013) · Cited by 419
Analyzing effect sizes: Random-effects models.
Raudenbush, S. W. (2009) · Cited by 418
Does gamification increase engagement with online programs? A systematic review
Looyestyn, J., Kernot, J., Boshoff, K., Ryan, J. C., Edney, S. M., & Maher, C. A. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173403 · Cited by 412
Huang, B., Hew, K. F., & Lo, C. K. (2019) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2018.1495653 · Cited by 406
Self-citationThe Relationship Between Sample Sizes and Effect Sizes in Systematic Reviews in Education
Slavin, R. E., & Smith, D. (2009) · Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis · doi:10.3102/0162373709352369 · Cited by 390
Psychological Perspectives on Motivation through Gamification
Sailer, M., Hense, J., Mandl, H., & Klevers, M. (2013) · Interaction Design and Architecture(s) · doi:10.55612/s-5002-019-002 · Cited by 380
Jung, J. H., Schneider, C., & Valacich, J. S. (2010) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.1090.1129 · Cited by 357
Huang, B., & Hew, K. F. (2018) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2018.06.018 · Cited by 333
Self-citationStudents' learning performance and perceived motivation in gamified flipped-class instruction
Zainuddin, Z. (2018) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2018.07.003 · Cited by 324
Enhancing student learning experience with technology-mediated gamification: An empirical study
Tsay, C. H., Kofinas, A., & Luo, J. (2018) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2018.01.009 · Cited by 323
Yildirim, I. (2017) · The Internet and Higher Education · doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2017.02.002 · Cited by 320
Rachels, J. R., & Rockinson‐Szapkiw, A. J. (2017) · Computer Assisted Language Learning · doi:10.1080/09588221.2017.1382536 · Cited by 316
Learning in One-to-One Laptop Environments: A Meta-Analysis and Research Synthesis
Zheng, B., Warschauer, M., Lin, C.-H., & Chang, C. (2016) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654316628645 · Cited by 312
Gamification and serious games: A literature meta-analysis and integrative model
Baptista, G., & Oliveira, T. (2018) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.11.030 · Cited by 301
Engaging Asian students through game mechanics: Findings from two experiment studies
Hew, K. F., Huang, B., Chu, K. W. S., & Chiu, D. K. W. (2016) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2015.10.010 · Cited by 298
Self-citationMeta-Analysis With Complex Research Designs
Scammacca, N. K., Roberts, G. J., & Stuebing, K. K. (2013) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654313500826 · Cited by 286
Reed, D. A., Beckman, T. J., Wright, S. M., Levine, R. B., Kern, D. E., & Cook, D. A. (2008) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-008-0664-3 · Cited by 284
Examining competitive, collaborative and adaptive gamification in young learners' math learning
Jagušt, T., Botički, I., & So, H. (2018) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2018.06.022 · Cited by 248
Personality-targeted Gamification
Jia, Y., Xu, B., Karanam, Y., & Voida, S. (2016) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/2858036.2858515 · Cited by 231
Gamification and Education: Achievements, Cognitive Loads, and Views of Students
Turan, Z., Avinc, Z., Kara, K., & Göktaş, Y. (2016) · International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) · doi:10.3991/ijet.v11i07.5455 · Cited by 226
Gamification and learning: a review of issues and research
Faiella, F., & Ricciardi, M. (2015) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · doi:10.20368/1971-8829/1072 · Cited by 225
The origins of cognitive thought.
Skinner, B. F. (1989) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.44.1.13 · Cited by 213
Psychological Theory and the Gamification of Learning
Landers, R. N., Bauer, K. N., Callan, R. C., & Armstrong, M. B. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-10208-5_9 · Cited by 211
Haruna, H., Hu, X., Chu, S. K. W., Mellecker, R. R., Gabriel, G., & Ndekao, P. S. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15092027 · Cited by 208
Gamifying an ICT course: Influences on engagement and academic performance
Çakıroğlu, Ü., Başıbüyük, B., Güler, M., Atabay, M., & Memiş, B. Y. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.018 · Cited by 204
Hakulinen, L., Auvinen, T., & Korhonen, A. (2015) · International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) · doi:10.3991/ijet.v10i1.4221 · Cited by 201
(2016) · The Electronic Journal of e-Learning · Cited by 195
Elements of Gameful Design Emerging from User Preferences
Tondello, G. F., Mora, A., & Nacke, L. E. (2017) · Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play · doi:10.1145/3116595.3116627 · Cited by 195
Factors influencing peer learning and performance in MOOC asynchronous online discussion forum
Chiu, T. K. F., & Hew, T. K. F. (2017) · Australasian Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.14742/ajet.3240 · Cited by 182
Borenstein, M. (2005) · Publication Bias in Meta‐Analysis · doi:10.1002/0470870168.ch11 · Cited by 178
Gamification and Web-based Homework
Goehle, G. (2013) · PRIMUS · doi:10.1080/10511970.2012.736451 · Cited by 170
Improving argumentative writing: Effects of a blended learning approach and gamification
Lam, Y. W., Hew, K. F., & Chiu, K. F. (2018) · Language learning & technology · doi:10.64152/10125/44583 · Cited by 167
Self-citationTan, M., & Hew, K. F. (2016) · Australasian Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.14742/ajet.2232 · Cited by 164
Self-citationTowards the Gamification of Learning: Investigating Student Perceptions of Game Elements
Cheong, C., & Filippou, J. (2014) · RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) · Cited by 158
Methods of Instructional Improvement in Algebra
Rakes, C. R., Valentine, J. C., McGatha, M. B., & Ronau, R. N. (2010) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654310374880 · Cited by 156
Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Games Based Learning
Gjedde, L. (2014) · Cited by 153
Leaning, M. (2015) · Journal of Media Practice · doi:10.1080/14682753.2015.1041807 · Cited by 153
The culture of social comparison
Baldwin, M. W., & Mussweiler, T. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1721555115 · Cited by 152
Method and reporting quality in health professions education research: a systematic review
Cook, D. A., Levinson, A. J., & Garside, S. (2011) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2010.03890.x · Cited by 147
Chung, C., Hwang, G., & Lai, C. (2018) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2018.10.010 · Cited by 144
Teachers’ attitude towards and actual use of gamification
Martí-Parreño, J., Seguí-Mas, D., & Seguí-Mas, E. (2016) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.07.104 · Cited by 126
An Empirical Investigation on the Benefits of Gamification in Programming Courses
Marín, B., Frez, J., Cruz-Lemus, J. A., & Genero, M. (2018) · ACM Transactions on Computing Education · doi:10.1145/3231709 · Cited by 122
New challenges for the motivation and learning in engineering education using gamification in MOOC
Martínez, M., Fidalgo-Blanco, Á., & Borrás-Gené, O. (2015) · International journal of engineering education · Cited by 121
Leveraging gamification in demand dispatch systems
Gnauk, B., Dannecker, L., & Hahmann, M. (2012) · EDBT/ICDT Workshops · doi:10.1145/2320765.2320799 · Cited by 114
MOOC study group: Facilitation strategies, influential factors, and student perceived gains
Chen, Y., & Chen, P.-J. (2015) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2015.03.008 · Cited by 103
The Oxford Handbook of Media Psychology
(2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195398809.001.0001 · Cited by 102
Gamifying the flipped classroom using game-based learning materials
Hung, H. (2018) · ELT Journal · doi:10.1093/elt/ccx055 · Cited by 101
The Usefulness of the "Fail-Safe" Statistic in Meta-Analysis
Carson, K. P., Schriesheim, C. A., & Kinicki, A. J. (1990) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164490502001 · Cited by 99
Aşıksoy, G. (2017) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/s11135-017-0597-1 · Cited by 96
Visualisation and Gamification of e-Learning and Programming Education.
Olsson, M., Mozelius, P., & Collin, J. (2015) · The Electronic Journal of e-Learning · Cited by 94
Head to head: The role of academic competition in undergraduate anatomical education
Nuland, S. E. V., Roach, V. A., Wilson, T. D., & Belliveau, D. J. (2014) · Anatomical Sciences Education · doi:10.1002/ase.1498 · Cited by 84
Yoon, H. J., Sung, S. Y., Choi, J. N., Lee, K., & Kim, S. (2015) · Creativity Research Journal · doi:10.1080/10400419.2015.1088283 · Cited by 83
Game on! students' perceptions of gamified learning
Buckley, P., Doyle, E., & Doyle, S. (2017) · University of Limerick Institutional Repository (University of Limerick) · doi:10.34961/56 · Cited by 81
Designing Leaderboards for Gamification
Jia, Y., Liu, Y., Yu, X., & Voida, S. (2017) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3025453.3025826 · Cited by 79
Serious Games: What Are They? What Do They Do? Why Should We Play Them?
Blumberg, F. C., Almonte, D. E., Anthony, J. S., & Hashimoto, N. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195398809.013.0019 · Cited by 76
Gamification in a Social Learning Environment
Giannetto, D. F., Chao, J. T., & Fontana, A. (2013) · Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology · doi:10.28945/1806 · Cited by 63
Towards the social gamification of e-learning: a practical experiment
de‐Marcos, L., García‐Cabot, A., & García‐López, E. (2017) · International journal of engineering education · Cited by 63
Homer, R., Hew, K. F., & Tan, C. Y. (2018) · The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) · Cited by 61
Self-citationGamification Effects on Motivation and Learning: Application to Primary and College Students
Papp, T. A. (2017) · International Journal for Cross-Disciplinary Subjects in Education · doi:10.20533/ijcdse.2042.6364.2017.0428 · Cited by 61
Özdener, N. (2017) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2017.04.003 · Cited by 60
Gamification for development: a case of collaborative learning in Sri Lankan primary schools
Halloluwa, T., Vyas, D., Usoof, H., & Hewagamage, K. P. (2017) · Personal and Ubiquitous Computing · doi:10.1007/s00779-017-1073-6 · Cited by 60
Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Games Based Learning - ECGBL 2014
Magnussen, R. (2014) · Cited by 59
Gamification from Player Type Perspective: A Case Study.
Kocadere, S. A., & Çağlar, Ş. (2018) · Hacettepe University Institutional Repository (hacettepe.edu.tr) · Cited by 53
Gamified Modules for an Introductory Statistics Course and Their Impact on Attitudes and Learning
Smith, T. (2017) · Simulation & Gaming · doi:10.1177/1046878117731888 · Cited by 49
The effects of gamification elements in e-learning platforms
Gafni, R., Achituv, D. B., Eidelman, S., & Chatsky, T. (2018) · Online Journal of Applied Knowledge Management · doi:10.36965/ojakm.2018.6(2)37-53 · Cited by 48
Flawed Meta‐Analysis of Biodiversity Effects of Forest Management
Halme, P., Toivanen, T., Honkanen, M., Kotiaho, J., Mönkkönen, M., & Timonen, J. (2010) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01542.x · Cited by 43
Gamifying and Mobilising Social Enquiry-Based Learning in Authentic Outdoor Environments.
Jong, M. S., Chan, T., Hue, M. T., & Tam, V. W. L. (2018) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 37
Vu, P., Fredrickson, S., & Moore, C. (2016) · Advances in higher education and professional development book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-1851-8 · Cited by 35
Effects of Gamified Comparison on Sixth Graders’ Algebra Word Problem Solving and Learning Attitude
Sun-Lin, H. Z., & Chiou, G. F. (2019) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 34
Molleman, E., Nauta, A., & Buunk, B. P. (2007) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2007.00207.x · Cited by 33
A systematic mapping on gamification applied to education
Borges, S. S., Durelli, V. H. S., Reis, H. M., & Isotani, S. (2014) · Scientific Electronic Library Online (São Paulo Research Foundation, Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) · Cited by 33
Kétyi, A. (2016) · Porta Linguarum Revista Interuniversitaria de Didáctica de las Lenguas Extranjeras · doi:10.30827/digibug.54087 · Cited by 31
The Effect of Leaderboard Ranking on Players’ Perception of Gaming Fun
Butler, C. W. (2013) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-39371-6_15 · Cited by 29
Gamification design for tutor education in an online course
Cavalcanti, C. C., Filatro, A., & Presada, W. A. (2018) · ETD - Educação Temática Digital · doi:10.20396/etd.v20i4.8648223 · Cited by 27
The Use of Gamification in Distance Education: A Web-Based Gamified Quiz Application
Şahin, Y. L., Karadağ, N., Bozkurt, A., Doğan, E., Kılınç, H., Uğur, S., Gümüş, S., Öztürk, A., & Güler, C. (2017) · Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry · doi:10.17569/tojqi.329742 · Cited by 24
Students’ Opinions Toward Game Elements Used in Gamification Application
Yildirim, Y. M., & Samur, Y. (2018) · Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry · doi:10.17569/tojqi.364130 · Cited by 22
A gamification experience to improve engineering students' performance through motivation
Sánchez‐Carmona, A., Robles, S., & Pons, J. (2017) · Journal of Technology and Science Education · doi:10.3926/jotse.246 · Cited by 20
"Whither, badges?" or "wither, badges!"
Falkner, N., & Falkner, K. E. (2014) · Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research · doi:10.1145/2674683.2674698 · Cited by 18
Leaderboard Effects on Player Performance in a Citizen Science GamePreprint
Pedersen, M. K., Rasmussen, N. R., Sherson, J. F., et al. (2017) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1707.03704 · Cited by 17
Competitive programming and gamification as strategy to engage students in computer science courses
Moreno, J., & Pineda, A. F. V. (2018) · Revista ESPACIOS · Cited by 16
Development and Evaluation of Across-Unit Diagnostic Feedback Mechanism for Online Learning.
Lin, J., Lai, Y., Szu, Y.-C., et al. (2014) · Cited by 7
Vu, L. (2017) · Advances in higher education and professional development book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-1851-8.ch009 · Cited by 4
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Arkün Kocadere, 2018, 21, 12
- Caponetto, 2014, Gamification and education: A literature review, 50
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Krath, J., Schürmann, L., & von Korflesch, H. F. O. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.106963 · Cited by 1,324
Gamification in Science Education. A Systematic Review of the Literature
Kalogiannakis, M., Papadakis, S., & Zourmpakis, A.-I. (2021) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci11010022 · Cited by 890
“Nonetheless, gamification is often characterized by fostering enthusiasm, a sense of enjoyment, fun, and general positive feelings towards learning, values that are directly associated with intrinsic motivation [59,82,114].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialDo AI chatbots improve students learning outcomes? Evidence from a meta‐analysis
Wu, R., & Yu, Z. (2024) · British Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.1111/bjet.13334 · Cited by 576
Gamification applications in E-learning: a literature review
Saleem, A. N., Noori, N. M., & Ozdamli, F. (2022) · Technology, Knowledge and Learning · doi:10.1007/s10758-020-09487-x · Cited by 478
Virtual reality and gamification in education: a systematic review
Λαμπρόπουλος, Γ., & Kinshuk, K. (2024) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/s11423-024-10351-3 · Cited by 569
Metadata
- Authors
- Bai, S., Hew, K. F., & Huang, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Corresponding author
- Hew, Khe Foon
- Venue
- Educational Research Review
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-06
- Volume
- 30
- Pages
- 100322
- ISSN
- 1747-938X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3010425548
- Cited by
- 994
- References
- 190
- Citations by year
- 2026: 270 · 2025: 203 · 2024: 181 · 2023: 160 · 2022: 94 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 20
- FWCI
- 14.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Educational Research Review (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R25GM129219)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Educational Games and Gamification
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Digital Games and Media
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Science Applications › Online Learning and Analytics
- Keywords
- gamification, learning outcomes, academic performance, student engagement, joyful learning, performance feedback, recognition, goal setting, student anxiety, jealousy, educational technology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
