Longitudinal measures of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in serum of Gullah African Americans in South Carolina: 2003–2013
Open accessAbstract
Background Charleston Harbor has elevated concentrations of PFAS in dolphins, but local human exposure data are limited.Objectives We sought to describe PFAS serum concentrations' temporal trends among Gullah African American residents of coastal South Carolina.Methods Longitudinal measures of PFAS in blood serum from a Gullah clinical sample, without lupus, were examined using spaghetti plots and visit-to-visit change scores (e.g., differences in concentrations between visits) among the 68 participants with repeated measures available. We also modeled population-level trends among the 71 participants with any data using proportionate percentile models, accounting for clustering through robust standard errors. In a post-hoc analysis we examined heterogeneity of temporal trends by age through mixed-effects models for the log-transformed PFAS compounds.Results Population concentrations of PFOS dropped approximately 9 (95% CI: 8, 10) percent each year over 2003-2013. This was concordant with individual PFOS trajectories (median PFOS change score -21.7 ng/g wet weight, interquartile range of PFOS change scores: -32.8, -14.9) and reports for other populations over this time period. Several other compounds including PFOA, PFHxS, and PFuNDA also showed a population-level decrease. However, examination of individual trajectories suggested substantial heterogeneity. Post-hoc analyses indicated that PFAS trajectories were heterogeneous by age.Conclusions Many PFAS compounds are decreasing in a sample of Gullah African Americans from coastal South Carolina. There may be age differences in the elimination kinetics of PFASs. The possible role of age as a modifier of PFAS serum trends merits further research.
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The declines in serum PFNA, PFDA and PFUnA in Gullah African Americans are most likely a local phenomenon rather than consistent with NHANES trends among non-hispanic blacks.
“Based on the increasing temporal trends of PFNA presented by Kato et al. [103] for non-hispanic blacks, we suggest the former explanation is most likely, that this is indeed a local phenomenon.”
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“The epidemiology and toxicology of these chemicals is still emerging, but PFAS exposures may have several health implications (Lau, 2012; Post et al., 2012; Steenland et al., 2010).”
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“Further investigations have documented elevated concentrations of PFASs in the dolphin food web (Houde et al., 2006) and this current study focuses on exposures of the Gullah African Americans in the Charleston region.”
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Higher blood concentrations of synthetic musks in women above fifty years than in younger women
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Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
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Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food
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“Although the data could not be extracted for independent analysis, a significant age-adjusted decline of serum PFOS (11% per year, 2003–2013) was also reported for Gullah African Americans in coastal South Carolina after the phase-out [87].”
Fate and transport of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the vadose zone
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“Uptake and elimination of PFAS varies depending on age, race, menstrual status, childbirth, and breast-feeding (Gribble et al. 2015; Wong et al. 2014; Zhang et al. 2013).”
Time trends of perfluorinated alkyl acids in serum from Danish pregnant women 2008–2013
Bjerregaard‐Olesen, C., Bach, C. C., Long, M., Ghisari, M., Bossi, R., Bech, B. H., Nohr, E. A., Henriksen, T. B., Olsen, J., & Bonefeld‐Jørgensen, E. C. (2016) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2016.02.010 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
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Temporal trends of PFSAs, PFCAs and selected precursors in Australian serum from 2002 to 2013
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“Although the data could not be extracted for independent analysis, a significant age-adjusted decline of serum PFOS (11% per year, 2003–2013) was also reported for Gullah African Americans in coastal South Carolina after the phase-out [87].”
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“Similar results are seen in other studies including populations from the U.S. and Denmark (Bjerregaard-Olesen et al., 2016; CDC, 2015; Gribble et al., 2015).”
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Self-citationMaternal serum concentrations of perfluoroalkyl acids in five international birth cohorts
Bjerregaard‐Olesen, C., Bossi, R., Liew, Z., Long, M., Bech, B. H., Olsen, J., Henriksen, T. B., Berg, V., Nøst, T. H., Zhang, J. J., et al. (2016) · International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.12.005 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
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“Focusing on PFOS, another study of Gullah African Americans from coastal South Carolina showed that PFOS dropped approximately nine percent each year between 2003 and 2013 (Gribble et al., 2015) which is consistent with our observations in residents of Anniston, Alabama.”
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Self-citationPoly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Marine Mammals
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“While temporal trends from 2003−2013 showed decreases in several PFAAs, substantial heterogeneity exists among individuals and age groups (Kamen et al. 2012, Gribble et al. 2015).”
BackgroundSelf-citationOnline Serum PFOA Calculator for Adults
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“For example, there is some evidence of small effects of age and sex on PFOA retention (Brede et al. 2010; Zhang et al. 2013; Gribble et al. 2015), potentially affecting individual-specific values for the half-life and steady-state ratio.”
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Environmental contaminants in Arctic human populations: Trends over 30 years
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“However, PFOS has continued to cause adverse health effects due to its bioaccumulation [5,6].”
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Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Human Serum Samples of Selected Populations from Ghana
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Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Drinking Water
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- Authors
- Gribble, M. O., Bartell, S. M., Kannan, K., Wu, Q., Fair, P. A., & Kamen, D. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- New York State Department of Health (US)
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US)
- Medical University of South Carolina (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gribble, Matthew O.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Environmental Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-11
- Volume
- 143
- Issue
- Pt B
- Pages
- 82-88
- ISSN
- 0013-9351 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4583839
- OpenAlex
- W2094312014
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 3.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Environmental Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- NOAA Institutional Repository (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (R21 ES017934 (DLK), P60 AR062755 (DLK), UL1 RR029882)
- “Environmental Genomics” T32 training grant from the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (T32ES013678-07)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Keywords
- perfluorinated compounds, temporal trends, Charleston Harbor, PFOS, perfluorooctanoic acid, PFHxS, perfluoroundecanoic acid, human exposure, South Carolina coast
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aging, Black or African American, Child, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Pollutants, Female, Fluorocarbons, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, South Carolina, Models, Statistical, Alkanesulfonic Acids, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Young Adult
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