Enhanced accumulation of starch and total carbohydrates in alginate-immobilized Chlorella spp. induced by Azospirillum brasilense: II. Heterotrophic conditions
Abstract
The effect of the bacterium Azospirillum brasilense jointly immobilized with Chlorella vulgaris or C. sorokiniana in alginate beads on total carbohydrates and starch was studied under dark and heterotrophic conditions for 144 h in synthetic growth medium supplemented with either d-glucose or Na-acetate as carbon sources. In all treatments, enhanced total carbohydrates and starch content per culture and per cell was obtained after 24h; only jointly immobilized C. vulgaris growing on d-glucose significantly increased total carbohydrates and starch content after 96 h. Enhanced accumulation of carbohydrate and starch under jointly immobilized conditions was variable with time of sampling and substrate used. Similar results occurred when the microalgae was immobilized alone. In both microalgae growing on either carbon sources, the bacterium promoted accumulation of carbohydrates and starch; when the microalgae were immobilized alone, they used the carbon sources for cell multiplication. In jointly immobilized conditions with Chlorella spp., affinity to carbon source and volumetric productivity and yield were higher than when Chlorella spp. were immobilized alone; however, the growth rate was higher in microalgae immobilized alone. This study demonstrates that under heterotrophic conditions, A. brasilense promotes the accumulation of carbohydrates in two strains Chlorella spp. under certain time-substrate combinations, producing mainly starch. As such, this bacterium is a biological factor that can change the composition of compounds in microalgae in dark, heterotrophic conditions.
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C. sorokiniana had an increase in carbohydrate production of around 55% under autotrophic conditions and 21% under heterotrophic conditions.
“while C. sorokiniana had an increase in carbohydrate production of around 55% under autotrophic conditions and 21% under heterotrophic conditions.”
From Toward the Enhancement of Microalgal Metabolite Production through Microalgae–Bacteria Consortia (2021) · cites this paper as [79]
In these studies, the authors reported up to 72% and 90% increments, respectively, in total carbohydrates of C. vulgaris under autotrophic and heterotrophic conditions.
“In these studies, the authors reported up to 72% and 90% increments, respectively, in total carbohydrates of C. vulgaris under autotrophic and heterotrophic conditions”
From Toward the Enhancement of Microalgal Metabolite Production through Microalgae–Bacteria Consortia (2021) · cites this paper as [79]
Co-cultivation of two Chlorella strains (C. vulgaris and C. sorokiniana) with A. brasilense supports the positive effect of the bacteria on carbohydrate production of this microalgae genus.
“The co-cultivation of two Chlorella strains (C. vulgaris and C. sorokiniana) with A. brasilense supports the positive effect of the bacteria on carbohydrate production of this microalgae genus [70,79].”
From Toward the Enhancement of Microalgal Metabolite Production through Microalgae–Bacteria Consortia (2021) · cites this paper as [79]
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- Authors
- Choix, F. J., de-Bashan, L. E., & Bashan, Y.
- Affiliations
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste S.C. (MX)
- ORCID
- Choix, Francisco J.
- Venue
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-10
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 300-309
- ISSN
- 0141-0229 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2107041893
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Università degli Studi di Firenze
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Keywords
- Azospirillum brasilense, Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella sorokiniana, alginate immobilization, starch accumulation, carbohydrate accumulation, microalgae-bacteria co-culture, glucose, sodium acetate, dark cultivation, volumetric productivity, microalgae growth rate
- MeSH terms
- Alginates, Biotechnology, Chlorella, Culture Media, Hexuronic Acids, Starch, Azospirillum brasilense, Cells, Immobilized, Coculture Techniques, Glucuronic Acid, Chlorella vulgaris, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Heterotrophic Processes
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