Cited by 490Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsImmune Response and InflammationInflammasome and immune disorders

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Pattern recognition receptors and central nervous system repair

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Kigerl, Kristina A., de Rivero Vaccari, Juan Pablo, Dietrich, W. Dalton, Popovich, Phillip G., Keane, Robert W.·2014·Experimental Neurology

DOI 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.01.001PMC PMC4974939

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Abstract

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are part of the innate immune response and were originally discovered for their role in recognizing pathogens by ligating specific pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) expressed by microbes. Now the role of PRRs in sterile inflammation is also appreciated, responding to endogenous stimuli referred to as "damage associated molecular patterns" (DAMPs) instead of PAMPs. The main families of PRRs include Toll-like receptors (TLRs), Nod-like receptors (NLRs), RIG-like receptors (RLRs), AIM2-like receptors (ALRs), and C-type lectin receptors. Broad expression of these PRRs in the CNS and the release of DAMPs in and around sites of injury suggest an important role for these receptor families in mediating post-injury inflammation. Considerable data now show that PRRs are among the first responders to CNS injury and activation of these receptors on microglia, neurons, and astrocytes triggers an innate immune response in the brain and spinal cord. Here we discuss how the various PRR families are activated and can influence injury and repair processes following CNS injury.

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Authors: Kigerl, K. A., de Rivero Vaccari, J. P., Dietrich, W. D., Popovich, P. G., & Keane, R. W.
Affiliations: The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (US)
University of Miami (US)
Corresponding author: Popovich, Phillip G.
Keane, Robert W.
ORCID: Kigerl, Kristina A.
Dietrich, W. Dalton
Popovich, Phillip G.
Keane, Robert W.
Venue: Experimental Neurology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-08
Volume: 258
Pages: 5-16
ISSN: 0014-4886 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.01.001
PMC: PMC4974939
OpenAlex: W2031080649
Cited by: 490
References: 143
Citations by year: 2026: 26 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 6
FWCI: 2.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Experimental Neurology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-043246, R01NS042133, NS059836, R01NS059836, R01NS043246)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
Keywords: pattern recognition receptors, central nervous system injury, neuroinflammation, damage-associated molecular patterns, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, Toll-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors, AIM2-like receptors, C-type lectin receptors, microglia, astrocytes, neurons, CNS repair, innate immunity
MeSH terms: Animals, Cell Survival, Central Nervous System Diseases, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Signal Transduction, Receptors, Pattern Recognition, Toll-Like Receptors

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