The inflammasome: an integrated view
Abstract
Summary: An inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that serves as a platform for caspase‐1 activation and caspase‐1‐dependent proteolytic maturation and secretion of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β). Though a number of inflammasomes have been described, the NLRP3 inflammasome is the most extensively studied but also the most elusive. It is unique in that it responds to numerous physically and chemically diverse stimuli. The potent proinflammatory and pyrogenic activities of IL‐1β necessitate that inflammasome activity is tightly controlled. To this end, a priming step is first required to induce the expression of both NLRP3 and proIL‐1β. This event renders the cell competent for NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL‐1β secretion, and it is highly regulated by negative feedback loops. Despite the wide array of NLRP3 activators, the actual triggering of NLRP3 is controlled by integration a comparatively small number of signals that are common to nearly all activators. Minimally, these include potassium efflux, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and, for certain activators, lysosomal destabilization. Further investigation of how these and potentially other as yet uncharacterized signals are integrated by the NLRP3 inflammasome and the relevance of these biochemical events in vivo should provide new insight into the mechanisms of host defense and autoinflammatory conditions.
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The NLRP3 inflammasome is an IL-1β family cytokine-activating protein complex consisting of NLRP3, apoptotic speck-like protein, and inactive pro-caspase-1, and involved in regulation of innate immunity and inflammatory response.
“The NLRP3 inflammasome is an IL‐1β family cytokine‐activating protein complex consisting of the pattern recognition receptor NLRP3, adaptor protein apoptotic speck‐like protein, and inactive pro‐caspase‐1, and involved in the regulation of innate immunity and inflammatory response.30”
From Trimethylamine‐N‐Oxide Induces Vascular Inflammation by Activating the NLRP3 Inflammasome Through the SIRT3‐SOD2‐mtROS Signaling Pathway (2017) · cites this paper as [30]
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- Authors
- Gross, O., Thomas, C. J., Guarda, G., & Tschopp, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Lausanne (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Guarda, Greta
- Venue
- Immunological Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-08-26
- Volume
- 243
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 136-151
- ISSN
- 0105-2896 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-065X
- OpenAlex
- W1605844554
- Cited by
- 778
- References
- 155
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 70 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 63 · 2016: 65 · 2015: 74 · 2014: 57 · 2013: 77 · 2012: 47
- FWCI
- 5.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Immunological Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- mediaTUM – the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich) (submittedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Louis-Jeantet Foundation
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways
- Keywords
- inflammasome, NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1 activation, interleukin-1β secretion, inflammasome priming, negative feedback regulation, potassium efflux, reactive oxygen species, lysosomal destabilization, signal integration, autoinflammatory disease, host defense
- MeSH terms
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein, Animals, Carrier Proteins, Humans, Immunity, Signal Transduction, Inflammation Mediators, Receptor Cross-Talk, Feedback, Physiological, Interleukin-1beta, Inflammasomes
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