Effects of protein versus simple sugar intake on weight loss in polycystic ovary syndrome (according to the National Institutes of Health criteria)
Open accessAbstract
Objective To compare the effects of protein vs. simple sugars on weight loss, body composition, and metabolic and endocrine parameters in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Design A 2-month, free-living, randomized, single-blinded study.Setting University PCOS clinic.Patient(s) Thirty-three patients with PCOS.Intervention(s) To achieve a final energy reduction of 450 kcal/day, first the daily energy intake was reduced by 700 kcal; then a 240-kcal supplement containing either whey protein or simple sugars was added.Main outcome measure(s) Changes in weight, fat mass, fasting glucose and insulin, plasma lipoproteins, and sex steroids.Result(s) Twenty-four subjects (13 in the simple sugars group and 11 in the protein group) completed the study. The protein group lost more weight (-3.3 +/- 0.8 kg vs. -1.1 +/- 0.6 kg) and more fat mass (-3.1 +/- 0.9 kg vs. -0.5 +/- 0.6 kg) and had larger decreases in serum cholesterol (-33.0 +/- 8.4 mg/dL vs. -2.3 +/- 6.8 mg/dL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-4.5 +/- 1.3 mg/dL vs. -0.4 +/- 1.3 mg/dL), and apoprotein B (-20 +/- 5 mg/dL vs. 3 +/- 5 mg/dL).Conclusion(s) In patients with PCOS, a hypocaloric diet supplemented with protein reduced body weight, fat mass, serum cholesterol, and apoprotein B more than the diet supplemented with simple sugars.
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Three studies lacked a control group.
“three lacked a control group [88,89,92]”
From Moving beyond Weight: A Narrative Review of the Dietary and Lifestyle Management for Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (2023) · cites this paper as [88]
The Results (page not provided) state that 33 participants were randomized to a protein group or a simple-sugars group. The Study Design describes a comparison between those two diets, so this study had a comparison group, although it did not include an untreated group. The cited paper also cannot establish whether the other two studies lacked control groups. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOne study found that a hypocaloric diet with a powdered protein supplement decreased body weight, fat mass, and total cholesterol concentrations compared to a hypocaloric diet with a simple sugar supplement.
“one study found a hypocaloric diet with a powdered protein supplement to decrease body weight, fat mass, and total cholesterol concentrations compared to a hypocaloric diet with a simple sugar supplement [88]”
From Moving beyond Weight: A Narrative Review of the Dietary and Lifestyle Management for Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (2023) · cites this paper as [88]
Three studies were short in duration.
“were short in duration [88,91,92]”
From Moving beyond Weight: A Narrative Review of the Dietary and Lifestyle Management for Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (2023) · cites this paper as [88]
All studies had relatively small sample sizes.
“All studies had relatively small sample sizes [88,89,91,92]”
From Moving beyond Weight: A Narrative Review of the Dietary and Lifestyle Management for Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (2023) · cites this paper as [88]
A decrease in HDL-cholesterol concentrations was reported in one intervention.
“a decrease in lean body mass [89] and HDL-cholesterol concentrations [88] was reported in two of the interventions”
From Moving beyond Weight: A Narrative Review of the Dietary and Lifestyle Management for Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (2023) · cites this paper as [88]
There was no difference between the diet-delivery methods for most anthropometric, QoL, and emotional wellbeing outcomes.
“There was no difference between the diet-delivery methods for most anthropometric, QoL, and emotional wellbeing outcomes.”
From Assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome: Summary of an evidence-based guideline (2011) · cites this paper as [179]
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- Authors
- Kasim-Karakas, S. E., Almario, R. U., & Cunningham, W.
- Affiliations
- VA Northern California Health Care System (US)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- California State University, Sacramento (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kasim-Karakas, Sidika E.
- Venue
- Fertility and Sterility
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-07
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 262-270
- ISSN
- 0015-0282 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2040203239
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 5.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Fertility and Sterility (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- California Dairy Research Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, weight loss, whey protein, monosaccharides, hypocaloric diet, fat mass, serum cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, insulin, fasting blood glucose, sex steroids, body composition
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Body Composition, Energy Intake, Calorimetry, Diet, Reducing, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Proteins, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, National Institutes of Health (U.S.), Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, United States, Weight Loss, Body Mass Index, Single-Blind Method, Dietary Sucrose, Leptin, Young Adult
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