Metabolic and Endocrine Effects of a Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Rich Diet in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Abstract
Effects of a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich diet were investigated in 17 polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. After a 3-month habitual diet period, dietary fats were partly replaced with PUFAs for another 3 months. The PUFA-rich diet increased plasma linoleic acid from 28.36 +/- 1.00% to 33.76 +/- 1.08% (P < 0.002) and alpha-linolenic acid from 0.52 +/- 0.03% to 1.06 +/- 0.10% (P < 0.0001). Fasting glucose increased from 76 +/- 3 to 95 +/- 3 mg/dl (4.2 +/- 0.2 to 5.30.2 mmol/liter; P < 0.0001), and the area under the curve for glucose during oral glucose tolerance test increased from 421 +/- 34 to 503 +/- 31 mg/dl (23.4 +/- 1.9 to 27.9 +/- 1.7 mmol/liter; P < 0.001). Plasma insulin did not change either at fasting or during oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting plasma free fatty acids decreased from 0.596 +/- 0.048 to 0.445 +/- 0.058 mg/dl (P = 0.037), and ketone bodies decreased from 9.14 +/- 1.57 to 3.63 +/- 0.62 mg/dl (895 +/- 154 to 356 +/- 61 micromol/liter; P < 0.003). Plasma 15-deoxyprostaglandin J(2) tended to decrease (from 239 +/- 65 to 171 +/- 60 ng/ml; P = 0.053). Plasma testosterone, free testosterone, SHBG, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, LH, FSH, and urinary estrogen conjugates did not change. Urinary pregnanediol 3-glucuronide increased from 18.6 +/- 2.2 to 31.0 +/- 5.7 micro g/mg creatinine (P = 0.038). In conclusion, increased dietary PUFA intake can exert significant metabolic and endocrine effects in women with PCOS.
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Adding walnuts to diets to raise linoleic and α-linolenic acid levels caused an unexpected rise in fasting and post-oral glucose tolerance test blood glucose levels, with no change in reproductive hormones or insulin.
“When walnuts were added to diets to raise linoleic and a-linolenic acid levels, there was an unexpected rise in blood glucose levels during fasting and following an oral glucose tolerance test. The levels of reproductive hormones and insulin were unchanged.”
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- Authors
- Kasim-Karakas, S. E., Almario, R. U., Gregory, L., Wong, R., Todd, H., & Lasley, B. L.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Health (H.T., B.L.L.), Davis, California 95616
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2004-02-01
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 615-620
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2074407067
- Cited by
- 99
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 5.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, polyunsaturated fatty acids, fat replacement, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, insulin resistance, glucose tolerance, free fatty acids, ketone bodies, androgen metabolism, endocrine effects, metabolic effects
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anthropometry, Blood Glucose, Diet, Dietary Fats, Endocrine Glands, Fatty Acids, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated, Female, Gonadotropins, Homeostasis, Humans, Lipids, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Prostaglandin D2
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