Effect of high-protein or normal-protein diet on weight loss, body composition, hormone, and metabolic profile in southern Brazilian women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized study
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of a high protein (HP) and a normal protein (NP) diet on patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and body mass index-matched controls in a sample of southern Brazilian women. This 8-week randomized trial was carried out at a university gynecological endocrinology clinic and included 18 patients with PCOS and 22 controls. Changes in weight, body composition, hormone, and metabolic profile were analyzed in women randomized to receive HP (30% protein, 40% carbohydrate, and 30% lipid) or NP (15% protein, 55% carbohydrate, and 30% lipid). The energy content was estimated for each participant at 20-25 kcal/kg current weight/day. Physical activity, blood pressure, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index, and fasting and 2-h glucose and insulin remained stable during the intervention in PCOS and controls, even in the presence of weight loss. There were no changes in lipid profile in either group. In contrast, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, percent of body fat, and sum of trunk skinfolds decreased significantly after both diets in both groups. Total testosterone also decreased in PCOS and controls regardless of diet. In conclusion, calorie reduction, rather than protein content, seemed to affect body composition and hormonal profile in this short-term study. These findings emphasize the role of non-pharmacological interventions to reduce weight and ameliorate the anthropometric and clinical phenotype in PCOS.
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Most studies found no significant effect of dietary composition on cardiometabolic risk factors.
“While most studies found no significant effect of dietary composition on cardiometabolic risk factors [89,91,92]”
From Moving beyond Weight: A Narrative Review of the Dietary and Lifestyle Management for Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (2023) · cites this paper as [91]
One study included individuals across BMI ranges for whom they modified estimated energy needs, yet most participants had a BMI greater than or equal to 25 kg/m2.
“One study included individuals across BMI ranges for whom they modified the estimated energy needs, yet most of the study participants had a BMI greater than or equal to 25 kg/m2 [91].”
From Moving beyond Weight: A Narrative Review of the Dietary and Lifestyle Management for Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (2023) · cites this paper as [91]
Three studies were short in duration.
“were short in duration [88,91,92]”
From Moving beyond Weight: A Narrative Review of the Dietary and Lifestyle Management for Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (2023) · cites this paper as [91]
Lack of participant diversity in studies limits generalizability.
“the lack of participant diversity [89,91] limits the generalizability”
From Moving beyond Weight: A Narrative Review of the Dietary and Lifestyle Management for Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (2023) · cites this paper as [91]
All studies had relatively small sample sizes.
“All studies had relatively small sample sizes [88,89,91,92]”
From Moving beyond Weight: A Narrative Review of the Dietary and Lifestyle Management for Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (2023) · cites this paper as [91]
Two studies were designed as randomized controlled studies but comprised two intervention groups and were used as comparative studies.
“Two were designed as randomized controlled studies (RCTs) but comprised two intervention groups, respectively, and were used as comparative studies [38,39].”
From Weight management interventions in women with and without PCOS: a systematic review (2017) · cites this paper as [39]
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- Authors
- Toscani, M. K., Mario, F. M., Radavelli-Bagatini, S., Wiltgen, D., Cristina Matos, M., & Spritzer, P. M.
- Affiliations
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (BR)
- ORCID
- Wiltgen, Denusa
- Venue
- Gynecological Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2011-05-31
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 925-930
- ISSN
- 0951-3590 (ISSN-L)
- 1473-0766
- OpenAlex
- W2149161257
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 6 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Gynecological Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, high-protein diet, protein intake, weight loss, body composition, body mass index, testosterone, insulin resistance, HOMA index, lipid profile, non-pharmacological treatment, women
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Body Composition, Brazil, Cholesterol, Dietary Proteins, Female, Hormones, Humans, Luteinizing Hormone, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Prospective Studies, Triglycerides, Weight Loss, Single-Blind Method, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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