Effects of high-protein diets on the cardiometabolic factors and reproductive hormones of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
The optimal dietary regimen for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has not been identified. High-protein diets (HPDs) are effective for weight control in individuals with metabolic abnormalities, but no systematic meta-analyses have yet summarised the effects of HPDs on PCOS. Seven electronic databases were searched from inception to 30 April 2023, and studies comparing the effects of HPDs and other diets on the anthropometrics, metabolic factors, and hormonal profiles for PCOS were identified. Data were pooled using random-effects models and expressed as weighted mean differences and 95% confidence intervals. The risk of bias was assessed by Cochrane Collaboration tool. Eight trials involving 300 women with PCOS were included. Compared with isocaloric balanced diets (BDs), HPDs significantly reduced fasting insulin (−2.69 μIU/mL, 95% CI [−3.81, −1.57], P < 0.0001, I2 = 46%) and homoeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR−0.41, 95% CI [−0.80, −0.02], P = 0.04, I2 = 94%) in women with PCOS. However, HPDs and BDs had comparable effects on weight loss, abdominal adiposity, lipid profiles, and reproductive hormones (all P ≥ 0.05). HPDs may benefit women with PCOS in terms of improving insulin resistance, supporting for their use as one of the dietary management options for PCOS, however further RCTs in larger and broader settings are required to confirm these observations and investigate the mechanism behind it.
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High-protein and low-carbohydrate diets improve satiety, preserve muscle mass, and reduce insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism.
“High-protein and low-carbohydrate diets improve satiety, preserve muscle mass, and reduce insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism [15, 16].”
From Nutritional and herbal interventions for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a comprehensive review of dietary approaches, macronutrient impact, and herbal medicine in management (2025) · cites this paper as [15]
The Discussion says high-protein diets can preserve lean mass and increase satiety, and reports improved insulin-resistance measures in women with PCOS. But the Results (Reproductive hormones; page unavailable) found no significant overall reduction in total testosterone or free androgen index versus isocaloric balanced diets. The claim’s assertion that these diets reduce hyperandrogenism is therefore not supported. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredStudies have proven that a protein-rich diet can, to some extent, be beneficial for PCOS management.
“Studies have proven that a protein-rich diet can, to some extent, be beneficial for PCOS management [114, 115].”
From Nutritional and herbal interventions for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a comprehensive review of dietary approaches, macronutrient impact, and herbal medicine in management (2025) · cites this paper as [114]
The Discussion reports that high-protein diets reduced fasting insulin and insulin resistance more than balanced diets in women with PCOS, supporting a limited management benefit. But the paper calls for further research and notes that the diets had similar effects on weight, lipids, and sex hormones; its findings do not warrant the claim that benefit has been ‘proven.’ (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Wang, F., Dou, P., Wei, W., & Liu, P. J.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CN)
- Peking University First Hospital (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Peng Ju
- Venue
- Nutrition & Diabetes
- Published
- 2024-02-29
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 6-6
- ISSN
- 2044-4052 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10904368
- OpenAlex
- W4392298271
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 2
- FWCI
- 1.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nutrition and Diabetes (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, high-protein diet, insulin resistance, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, reproductive hormones, weight loss, abdominal fat, lipid profile, dietary management, women
- MeSH terms
- Diet, High-Protein, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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