Anxiety disorders and obsessive compulsive disorder 9 months after perinatal loss
Open accessAbstract
Objective Perinatal loss (stillbirth after 20 weeks of gestational age or infant death in the first month) impacts one to two infants per hundred live births in the United States and can be a devastating experience for parents. We assessed prevalence of anxiety disorders and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) among bereaved and live-birth mothers.Methods We collaborated with the Michigan Department of Community Health to survey Michigan mothers with perinatal death or live birth. We measured symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, panic disorder and OCD using validated written self-report screens and collected data on maternal demographics, psychiatric history, social support and intimate partner violence.Results A total 609/1400 mothers (44%) participated, returning surveys 9 months postdelivery. Two hundred thirty-two mothers had live birth, and 377 had perinatal loss. In unadjusted analyses, bereaved mothers had higher odds of all four disorders. In logistic regression adjusted for covariates, bereaved mothers still had higher odds of moderate-severe generalized anxiety disorder [odds ratio (OR): 2.39, confidence interval (CI): 1.10-5.18, P = .028] and social phobia (OR: 2.32, CI: 1.52-3.54, P < .0005) but not panic disorder or OCD.Conclusion Bereaved mothers struggle with clinically significant anxiety disorders in the first year after perinatal loss; improved identification and treatment are essential to improve mental health for this vulnerable population.
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Only one study has investigated specific forms of anxiety after perinatal loss and found that bereaved women had more than twice the odds for generalized anxiety disorder and social phobia compared to controls.
“To our knowledge, only one study [53] has investigated specific forms of anxiety after perinatal loss and found that bereaved women had more than twice the odds for generalized anxiety disorder and social phobia compared to controls.”
From Depression, anxiety, PTSD, and OCD after stillbirth: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [53]
The identified study found that stillbirth may also be associated with OCD, but it did not meet the review's inclusion criteria because different types of perinatal loss were combined.
“The study found that SB may also be associated with OCD, but the study did not meet our inclusion criteria, as different types of perinatal loss were combined.”
From Depression, anxiety, PTSD, and OCD after stillbirth: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [53]
Only one study on OCD following stillbirth was identified in the present review.
“Fourth, although a comprehensive search strategy was employed, only one study on OCD following SB was identified [53].”
From Depression, anxiety, PTSD, and OCD after stillbirth: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [53]
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- Authors
- Gold, K. J., Boggs, M. E., Muzik, M., & Sen, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gold, Katherine J.
- Venue
- General Hospital Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-11
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 650-654
- ISSN
- 0163-8343 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4721586
- OpenAlex
- W2015166008
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 4.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- General Hospital Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH-85882-04, K23MH085882)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Keywords
- perinatal loss, stillbirth, infant death, maternal mental health, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, bereavement, postpartum period
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Bereavement, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Mothers, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Phobic Disorders, Pregnancy, Case-Control Studies, Panic Disorder, Young Adult, Perinatal Death
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