Parental socioeconomic status, adolescents' screen time and sports participation through externalizing and internalizing characteristics
Open accessAbstract
The socioeconomic status of parents is reportedly closely related to the digital screen usage and physical inactivity levels of children and adolescents. Internalizing and externalizing behavior characteristics may be linked to these associations and explain them. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of parents' socioeconomic status (SES) on youths' total screen time along with physical inactivity through internalizing and externalizing behavior characteristics. Thus, we examined associations between parents' socioeconomic status (using scores based on several indicators) and adolescents' total digital screen exposure and physical inactivity level, together with the potentially predicting role of the adolescents' internalizing and externalizing behavior. For this, we assessed the internalizing and externalizing problem characteristics, total screen time exposure, physical inactivity level and parental socioeconomic status of a large cohort sample of Finnish adolescents (the Northern Birth Cohort, 1986 comprised 2899 males and 3059 females). The present study includes data collected in two phases, in 1985-1986 and 2000-2001. Path modeling suggests that a low SES of parents was directly associated with adolescents' physical inactivity level, while externalizing characteristics were a significant and additional contributing factor in adolescents' level of screen exposure in both genders. Gender moderated the relationship between adolescents' internalizing and externalizing characteristics and physical inactivity levels. The results also suggest that parents' socioeconomic status constitutes a risk factor in relation to media screen exposure only in female adolescents. Implications of the findings are discussed.
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Parents with lower SES may have more limited resources to provide support and attention to their children's screen time, potentially increasing vulnerability to negative effects.
“For example, parents with lower SES may have more limited resources to provide support and attention to their children's screen time [28], potentially increasing vulnerability to negative effects.”
From Long-Term Consequences of Time Spent on Social Media in Adolescence on Mental Health in Young Adulthood: A Cohort Study From Sweden. (2026) · cites this paper as [28]
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Zetterqvist, M., Raninen, J., Gripe, I., Ramstedt, M., & Brunborg, G. S. (2026) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2026.04.019 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Männikkö, N., Ruotsalainen, H., Miettunen, J., Marttila-Tornio, K., & Kääriäinen, M.
- Affiliations
- Oulu University of Applied Sciences (FI)
- Oulu University Hospital (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Männikkö, Niko
- Venue
- Heliyon
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-02
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e03415
- ISSN
- 2405-8440 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7029175
- OpenAlex
- W3005926112
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 6
- FWCI
- 4.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Heliyon (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Juho Vainion Säätiö
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- parental socioeconomic status, adolescent screen time, physical inactivity, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, digital media exposure, gender differences, child and adolescent health
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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