The DOI matches its Crossref record; 93 of the 93 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 8 of the 81 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Does teacher burnout affect students? A systematic review of its association with academic achievement and student-reported outcomes
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Claims the paper makes
8 of 81 cited sources checked · 4 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Such examination is critical as there is rising evidence that challenges the assumption that some constructs, such as teacher self-efficacy, are antecedents (e.g., Holzberger et al., 2014;Praetorius et al., 2017).”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Critical Considerations and Recommendations
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Holzberger et al., 2014 source
- Supportedcites Praetorius et al., 2017 source
The Classical Cross-Lagged Panel Approach section reports no significant longitudinal effects of teacher self-efficacy on student-reported teaching quality, challenging the assumption that self-efficacy precedes improvements in teaching quality. The Random Intercepts Cross-Lagged Panel Approach likewise found no significant effects in that direction after accounting for trait-like stability; these findings are specific to the relationships and time intervals studied. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Of four latent profiles, a profile of high burnout and stress and low on coping was associated with worse mathematics achievement than a profile of second lowest on burnout, stress and high on coping (d = 1.03, p < .05).”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Herman et al. (2018) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results identify four profiles, including a high-stress, high-burnout, low-coping class and a high-stress, low-burnout, high-coping class. Student Outcomes reports lower math achievement in the former class (M = 93.14 versus 98.00; p < .05). The cited paper’s passages do not report the sentence’s effect size of d = 1.03. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“teacher's personality shows only small associations with teacher burnout (Kim, Jörg, & Klassen, 2019).”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Implications for Practice
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Kim, Jörg, & Klassen, 2019 source
The Results (Burnout) report correlations between teacher personality traits and burnout ranging from r = .04 to .21, consistent with small associations. The paper cautions that none were statistically significant and that the analysis included few effect sizes. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“RE was associated with lower performance (β = -.34,p < .01;Model R 2 = .60)[effect sizes reversed]”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Wong et al. (2017) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results (page unavailable) report that teachers’ personal accomplishment was positively associated with students’ IEP outcomes, supporting the claim’s direction when reduced efficacy means lower personal accomplishment. The reported regression result is b = .06, p = .005; the cited β = −.34 and model R² = .60 are not supported by the passages from our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A systematic literature search returned 14 studies including 5,311 teachers and 50,616 of their students.”
- Also stated in: § Teacher and Student Samples · plain
“In the present studies, a total of 5,311 teachers were recruited.They were on average 45.07 years old (range 37.78 -48.59 years), 73.67% female (range 22.00 -96.2%), and had 15.37 years of teaching experience (range 10.38 -22.00 years).A total of 50,616 students were recruited.They were on average 11.14 years old (range 5.90 -18.30years) and 44.00% female (range 16.50 -57.90%).”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The search strategy and inclusion criteria identified all relevant studies on the topic.
- Also stated in: § Teacher and Student Samples · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The findings provided some evidence that teacher burnout is associated with worse academic achievement and lower quality student motivation, but little evidence that it is associated with student wellbeing.”
- Also stated in: § Key Findings · hedged
“In addition, we found some evidence that teacher burnout will affect students beyond their achievement and possibly interfere with student motivationwith small-to-medium associations found with lower quality motivation.”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of teacher burnout and student outcomes are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
- Also stated in: § Key Findings · hedged
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The findings provided some evidence that teacher burnout is associated with worse academic achievement and lower quality student motivation, but little evidence that it is associated with student wellbeing.”
- Also stated in: § Student Outcomes · plain
“The findings show that teacher burnout was associated with worse achievement more often than not (in four of the seven studies), this included associations with lower reading ability, lower mathematics test scores, and less growth in literacy skills over time, this was especially the case for the exhaustion dimension.”
- Also stated in: § Key Findings · hedged
“Perhaps one of the most important findings is that there was some evidence that teacher burnout is associated with worse student academic achievement.”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of teacher burnout and student outcomes are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
- Also stated in: § Student Outcomes · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The findings provided some evidence that teacher burnout is associated with worse academic achievement and lower quality student motivation, but little evidence that it is associated with student wellbeing.”
- Also stated in: § Key Findings · hedged
“The findings of the present review were less clear with respect to whether teacher burnout is associated with student wellbeing.”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of teacher burnout and student outcomes are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
- Also stated in: § Key Findings · hedged
In the paper
“but another showed that it was not associated with levels of basic psychological need satisfaction (Klusmann et al., 2008).”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Motivation.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Klusmann et al., 2008 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of teacher burnout and student outcomes are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Teachers' student-related burnout was not associated with students' levels of depression, while exhaustion at baseline was associated with lower depression measured at follow-up.”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Motivation.
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of teacher burnout and student outcomes are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 26
- Probably not a substantial claim. 37
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Eight studies examined outcomes that are relevant to student performance.Of these studies, seven examined academic achievement (Arens & Morin, 2016;Coman, 2013;Herman et al., 2018;Hoglund et al., 2015;Klusmann et al., 2008;Klusmann et al., 2016;Reyes et al., 2012).”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Student Outcomes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Arens & Morin, 2016 source
- Not matchedcites Coman, 2013
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Supportedcites Herman et al., 2018 source
Herman et al. is cited as one of the studies examining academic achievement, not as the source of the review's count of studies. The Procedures section says it assessed students' reading and math achievement, and the Student Outcomes section reports achievement results. (LLM, conf=0.93)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of teacher burnout and student outcomes are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Lastly, two studies adopted experimental designs.The first randomly assigned teachers (and their classrooms) to a professional development program (”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Study Designs
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Herman et al., 2018 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Procedures section says 51 teachers were randomly assigned to the Incredible Years professional-development intervention, and the Participants section identifies a larger randomized classroom-management trial. But this paper analyzed teacher stress and coping profiles using intervention, control, and follow-up teachers; it did not itself test the intervention experimentally. The source also cannot establish the design of the other study mentioned in the claim. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Not matchedcites Sprick, Garrison, & Howard, 1998
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Herman et al., 2020 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of teacher burnout and student outcomes are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Inter-rater reliability was calculated using Cohen's Kappa (McHugh, 2012).Kappa was .94indicating excellent inter-rater reliability.”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Data Extraction
What the sources say
- Supportedcites McHugh, 2012 source
In “Measurement of interrater reliability” (page not specified in the supplied passages), McHugh identifies Cohen’s kappa as a measure for two raters. The interpretation table classifies values above .90 as “almost perfect,” supporting the citing paper’s description of .94 as excellent. The .94 value is the citing study’s own result, not a result attributed to McHugh. (LLM, conf=0.91)
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The remaining study examined goal attainment (Wong et al., 2017).It showed that reduced efficacy was associated with lower goal attainment, with the overall model explaining a substantial proportion of variance (see Table 1).”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Student Outcomes
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Wong et al., 2017 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results (Correlations among Variables; Effects of Burnout and Stress on Student Engagement and IEP Outcomes, page unavailable) link greater teacher personal accomplishment with better student IEP goal outcomes, supporting the reduced-efficacy association. Our copy does not report the proportion of variance explained by that overall model. The 23% figure in Method (Data Collection and Analysis, page unavailable) concerns the COMPASS intervention, not this association. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of teacher burnout and student outcomes are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
- Partly supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A systematic literature search returned 14 studies including 5,311 teachers and 50,616 of their students.”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The search strategy and inclusion criteria identified all relevant studies on the topic.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Four of the studies adopted longitudinal designs (Braun et al., 2020;Coman, 2013;Hoglund et al., 2015;Shen et al. 2015).”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Study Designs
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of teacher burnout and student outcomes are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studies were excluded if they did not measure teacher burnout (n = 27), did not measure a student outcome (n = 16), and included insufficient information (n = 6).”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Inclusion Criteria
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 27Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Rests on an assumption: The search strategy and inclusion criteria identified all relevant studies on the topic.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Four studies examined outcomes that are relevant to student wellbeing.”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Motivation.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of teacher burnout and student outcomes are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The findings show that teacher burnout was associated with worse achievement more often than not (in four of the seven studies), this included associations with lower reading ability, lower mathematics test scores, and less growth in literacy skills over time, this was especially the case for the exhaustion dimension.”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Student Outcomes
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of teacher burnout and student outcomes are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A total of 50,616 students were recruited.They were on average 11.14 years old (range 5.90 -18.30years) and 44.00% female (range 16.50 -57.90%).”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Teacher and Student Samples
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of teacher burnout and student outcomes are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Out of the 14 studies included in the present review, eight studies recruited teachers (and their students) from primary school settings.The remaining six studies recruited teachers (and their students) from secondary school settings.”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Teacher and Student Samples
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of teacher burnout and student outcomes are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, the search returned 2,190 studies.”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Method Literature Search
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The search strategy and inclusion criteria identified all relevant studies on the topic.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the 14 studies included in the present review, 13 studies adopted Maslach's conceptualization of burnout.”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Measures of Burnout
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of teacher burnout and student outcomes are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These criteria resulted in the final inclusion of 14 studies.”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Inclusion Criteria
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The search strategy and inclusion criteria identified all relevant studies on the topic.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After removing duplicates and screening abstracts for relevance, 63 articles remained.”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Method Literature Search
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The search strategy and inclusion criteria identified all relevant studies on the topic.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Four studies used a total score (across all three dimensions).Three studies used all three dimensions.One study used the exhaustion and cynicism dimensions.Four studies used the exhaustion dimension only and one study used the cynicism dimension only.”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Measures of Burnout
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of teacher burnout and student outcomes are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Five studies examined outcomes that are relevant to student motivation.”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Motivation.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of teacher burnout and student outcomes are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“This consisted of seven studies utilizing the original Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach et al., 1986) and six studies utilizing the MBI-Educator Survey (Maslach, Jackson, & Leiter, 1996).”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Measures of Burnout
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Maslach et al., 1986
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Maslach, Jackson, & Leiter, 1996
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of teacher burnout and student outcomes are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“By contrast, one study (Mifont et al., 2008) adopted Kristensen et al.'s (2005) conceptualization of burnout and utilized the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, and used the student-related burnout dimension only.”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Measures of Burnout
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Mifont et al., 2008
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Kristensen et al.'s (2005) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedSingle caseTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of teacher burnout and student outcomes are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, two studies recruited students with Autism Spectrum Conditions (see Table 1).”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Teacher and Student Samples
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of teacher burnout and student outcomes are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In all instances, effects were small-to-medium sized and explained a moderate amount of variance (see again Table 1).”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Motivation.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of teacher burnout and student outcomes are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the present studies, a total of 5,311 teachers were recruited.They were on average 45.07 years old (range 37.78 -48.59 years), 73.67% female (range 22.00 -96.2%), and had 15.37 years of teaching experience (range 10.38 -22.00 years).”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Teacher and Student Samples
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of teacher burnout and student outcomes are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, as these studies will contain both teacher and student data, the nested structure of data (e.g., students nested in classrooms, time points nested in individuals) should be taken into account, which nine out of 14 studies did in the present review.”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Critical Considerations and Recommendations
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of teacher burnout and student outcomes are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Five studies examined outcomes relevant to student social perceptions.”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Social.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of teacher burnout and student outcomes are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, one finding that the present review attests to is the differential predictive ability of burnout dimensions.For example, cynicism showed relationships with lower autonomous motivation and exhaustion did not, and also showed larger associations in some instances.”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Critical Considerations and Recommendations
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of teacher burnout and student outcomes are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For example, there was little evidence to suggest an association between teacher burnout and students' depressive symptoms, emotional distress, or attempted suicide.”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Key Findings
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of teacher burnout and student outcomes are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
In the paper
“The other study showed that teachers' student-related burnout was not associated with attempted suicide in the preceding 12 months or displayed risk behaviors (e.g., alcohol, violence, sexual health; Denny et al., 2011).”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Motivation.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Denny et al., 2011 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of teacher burnout and student outcomes are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“In the studies reviewed here, there was some evidence that not only were students astute at recognizing burnout symptoms and affective experiences in their teachers (Evers, Tomic, and Brouwers, 2004), but that teacher burnout was associated with physiological markers of stress in the students they teach (i.e., cortisol; Oberle et al., 2016).”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Key Findings
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The included studies' measures of teacher burnout and student outcomes are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
In the paper
“More specifically, when teachers struggle with their wellbeing, including when they experience burnout symptoms, they are more likely to have adversarial relations with their students, become annoyed when students do not follow instruction, and to have negative views of their students (Grayson & Alvarez, 2009).”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Teacher Burnout and Students
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Grayson & Alvarez, 2009
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“This is via a contagion effect, whereby burnout passes from teachers to their students (Bakker & Schaufeli, 2000).”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Teacher Burnout and Students
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bakker & Schaufeli, 2000 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In fact, teaching is considered one of the most stressful professions (Kyriacou, 2001).”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Teacher Burnout
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Kyriacou, 2001 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Burnout can manifest in many occupations but is particularly prevalent among teachers (Iancu, Rusu, Măroiu, Păcurar, & Maricuțoiu, 2018).”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Teacher Burnout
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Iancu, Rusu, Măroiu, Păcurar, & Maricuțoiu, 2018 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Burnout is associated with numerous negative experiences and outcomes for teachers.This includes changes in mood and wellbeing as illustrated by increased irritability and symptoms of mental ill-health (Capone, Joshanloo, & Park, 2019;Hakanen, Bakker, & Schaufeli, 2006).Burnout also affects how likely a teacher is to stay in their job (Billingsley & Bettini, 2019).This is because it can result in”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Teacher Burnout
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Brouwers & Tomic, 2000 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Maslach and Leiter (1999) proposed that teacher burnout, and especially emotional exhaustion and cynicism, will lead to less involvement and effort in lesson planning and less favorable social behavior towards students.”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Teacher Burnout and Students
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Maslach and Leiter (1999) source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“First, an extensive computerized literature search was conducted using the following common databases in psychology and education: PsycINFO, PsychARTICLES, MEDLINE, Education Abstracts, Educational Administration Abstracts, and ProQuest Dissertations (see also Mérida-López & Extremera, 2017).”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Method Literature Search
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Mérida-López & Extremera, 2017 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The search strategy and inclusion criteria identified all relevant studies on the topic.
In the paper
“For example, there is evidence that teacher burnout has no effect on academic achievement (Reyes et al., 2012)”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Teacher Burnout and Students
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Reyes et al., 2012 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The few disagreements were resolved via a consensus among authors with reference to the original material.”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Data Extraction
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The following search terms were used:”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Method Literature Search
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The search strategy and inclusion criteria identified all relevant studies on the topic.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studies were included in the systematic review if they: (a) measured teacher burnout (b) measured academic achievement or a student-reported outcome; (c) were published in English; (d) were a published journal article, thesis/dissertation, or conference presentation; and (e) included a sample that was unique (e.g., not included in more than one study).”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Inclusion Criteria
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The search strategy and inclusion criteria identified all relevant studies on the topic.
In the paper
“and evidence that it inhibits achievement (Klusmann et al., 2016).”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Teacher Burnout and Students
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Klusmann et al., 2016 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both authors extracted all data.”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Data Extraction
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The search was conducted in June 2020.”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Method Literature Search
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The search strategy and inclusion criteria identified all relevant studies on the topic.
In the paper
“This is because theoretical models, such as that provided by Schleicher (2018), do not specify the nature of the direction other than it is reciprocal.”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Critical Considerations and Recommendations
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Schleicher (2018) source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Like research in other domains and other reviews on teacher burnout, emotional exhaustion was the focus of many studies in this review (e.g., Mérida-López & Extremera, 2017).This is reasonable given that emotional exhaustion shows the strongest relationships with various outcomes of the three dimensions.”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Critical Considerations and Recommendations
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Mérida-López & Extremera, 2017 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the findings suggest that teacher burnout has the potential to inhibit students' achievement and motivation.”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Conclusion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For example, a study using longitudinal data from teacher burnout and teacher self-efficacy found that teacher burnout predicted self-efficacy but not the other way around (Kim & Burić, in press).”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Critical Considerations and Recommendations
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kim & Burić, in press
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“EE showed a nonsignificant negative association with achievement (r = -.07,p > .05)and basic need satisfaction (r = -.10,p > .05).”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Klusmann et al. (2008) source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Total burnout showed no association with nor its growth in, respectively, positive outlook (β = -.07,b = -0.02,p > .05),emotional distress (b = .09;b = 0.02, p > .05),nor prosocial behavior (b = -.03;b = 0.00, p > .05).”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Braun et al. (2020) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the numerous effects that teacher burnout has on teachers themselves (e.g., Billingsley & Bettini, 2019).”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Implications for Practice
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Billingsley & Bettini, 2019 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“offering more autonomy support (e.g., acknowledging teacher perspectives), social support, and positive feedback can help buffer burnout (Awa, Plaumann, & Walter, 2010).”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Implications for Practice
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Awa, Plaumann, & Walter, 2010 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“For students instructed by teachers with high (vs low) levels of burnout, aggregated externalizing behaviors was associated with greater increase in engagement (ES = .01)and literacy skills (ES = .03).”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hoglund et al. (2015) source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“we suggest primary prevention as a more effective and cheaper strategy than secondary interventions (e.g., WHO, 2018).”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Implications for Practice
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites WHO, 2018
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“preventing and reducing teacher burnout is likely to be relevant to providing students with quality educational instruction and support.”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Conclusion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“C showed no associations with grades (γ = -1.06,p > .05)or engagement (γ = 0.08, p > .05).”
§ A Systematic Review of its Association with Academic Achievement and Student-Reported Outcomes > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Reyes et al. (2012) source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The included studies' measures of teacher burnout and student outcomes are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
“In the 14 studies included in the present review, 13 studies adopted Maslach's conceptualization of burnout.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The search strategy and inclusion criteria identified all relevant studies on the topic.
“First, an extensive computerized literature search was conducted using the following common databases in psychology and education: PsycINFO, PsychARTICLES, MEDLINE, Education Abstracts, Educational Administration Abstracts, and ProQuest Dissertations (see also Mérida-López & Extremera, 2017).”
The paper relies on this without support.
The systematic review is the first to examine the association between teacher burnout and academic achievement and student-reported outcomes.
“We have provided the first systematic review of research examining the association teacher burnout has with academic achievement and student-reported outcomes.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Reported maximum teacher age excludes an included study
MinorThe stated teacher mean-age range ends at 48.59 years, whereas Evers et al. report a mean of 49.07 years.
“They were on average 45.07 years old (range 37.78 -48.59 years)”
“Evers et al. (2004) 41 (Mage = 49.07 years [SD = 6.21], 22.0% female, Mexp = 22.00 years [SD = 7.80])”
Reported teacher female-percentage range is too narrow
MinorThe stated maximum is 96.2%, but the Coman study reports 98.6% female teachers.
“73.67% female (range 22.00 -96.2%)”
“6.22], 98.6% female)”
Reported minimum teacher age exceeds an included study's mean
MinorThe stated teacher mean-age range begins at 37.78 years, but Hoglund et al. report a mean of 37.38 years.
“They were on average 45.07 years old (range 37.78 -48.59 years)”
“Hoglund et al. (2015) 65 (Mage = 37.38 years [SD = 11.17],96.9% female, Mexp = 11.78 years [SD = 9.53])”
Reported minimum student age excludes preschool students
MinorThe student mean-age range starts at 5.90 years, but Coman reports a mean of 47.6 months, approximately 3.97 years.
“They were on average 11.14 years old (range 5.90 -18.30years)”
“198 (Mage = 47.6 months”
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(2013) · Cited by 1
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Maslach, 1986, Vol. 21, 3463
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Kim, L. E., Oxley, L., & Asbury, K. (2021) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjep.12450 · Cited by 357
Self-citationOn the outcomes of teacher wellbeing: a systematic review of research
Dreer, B. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1205179 · Cited by 328
Teacher burnout and physical health: A systematic review
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Self-citationThe Relationship Between Teacher Job Stress and Burnout: A Moderated Mediation Model
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K−12 teachers' stress and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review
Westphal, A., Kalinowski, E., Hoferichter, C. J., & Vock, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.920326 · Cited by 162
“The lack of longitudinal studies is consistent with the review on teacher burnout by Madigan and Kim (2021), who found that only four out of 14 studies—conducted prior to the COVID19 pandemic—applied a longitudinal study design.”
Result
Metadata
- Authors
- Madigan, D. J., & Kim, L. E.
- Affiliations
- York St John University (GB)
- University of York (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Madigan, Daniel J.
- Venue
- International Journal of Educational Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021
- Volume
- 105
- Pages
- 101714
- ISSN
- 0883-0355 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3106528397
- Cited by
- 481
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 105 · 2025: 108 · 2024: 96 · 2023: 84 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 27
- FWCI
- 6.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- orcid.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Educational Research (publishedVersion)
- Research at York St John (York St John University) (acceptedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Social Sciences › Education › Teacher Professional Development and Motivation
- Keywords
- teacher burnout, academic performance, student motivation, student well-being, teacher well-being, student outcomes
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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