The TSC-mTOR Signaling Pathway Regulates the Innate Inflammatory Response
Open accessAbstract
The innate inflammatory immune response must be tightly controlled to avoid damage to the host. Here, we showed that the tuberous sclerosis complex-mammalian target of rapamycin (TSC-mTOR) pathway regulated inflammatory responses after bacterial stimulation in monocytes, macrophages, and primary dendritic cells. Inhibition of mTOR by rapamycin promoted production of proinflammatory cytokines via the transcription factor NF-kappaB but blocked the release of interleukin-10 via the transcription factor STAT3. Conversely, deletion of TSC2, the key negative regulator of mTOR, diminished NF-kappaB but enhanced STAT3 activity and reversed this proinflammatory cytokine shift. Rapamycin-hyperactivated monocytes displayed a strong T helper 1 (Th1) cell- and Th17 cell-polarizing potency. Inhibition of mTOR in vivo regulated the inflammatory response and protected genetically susceptible mice against lethal Listeria monocytogenes infection. These data identify the TSC2-mTOR pathway as a key regulator of innate immune homeostasis with broad clinical implications for infectious and autoimmune diseases, vaccination, cancer, and transplantation.
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Rapamycin enhances expression of IL-6.
“However, rapamycin has also been observed to enhance expression of IL-6176-178 which is associated with poor COVID-19 outcomes, and patients with type 2 diabetes and COVID-19 had significantly increased mortality rates when receiving insulin treatment during the course of their hospitilization179.”
From SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and the aging immune system (2021) · cites this paper as [178]
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- Authors
- Weichhart, T., Costantino, G., Poglitsch, M., Rosner, M., Zeyda, M., Stuhlmeier, K. M., Kolbe, T., Stulnig, T. M., Hörl, W. H., Hengstschläger, M., Müller, M., & Säemann, M. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Vienna (AT)
- Medical University of Vienna (AT)
- Corresponding author
- Säemann, Marcus D.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-10
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 565-577
- ISSN
- 1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2020920210
- Cited by
- 801
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 58 · 2015: 56 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 54 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 16.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 1786 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › NF-κB Signaling Pathways
- Keywords
- tuberous sclerosis complex, mTOR, TSC2, innate immunity, inflammation, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, NF-κB, STAT3, IL-10, inflammatory cytokines, Th1 polarization, Th17 polarization, Listeria monocytogenes infection, bacterial infection, immune homeostasis
- MeSH terms
- Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Female, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Inflammation, Lipopolysaccharides, Listeriosis, Listeria monocytogenes, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Monocytes, Protein Kinases, Tuberous Sclerosis, Signal Transduction, Cytokines, NF-kappa B, Mice, Knockout, Th1 Cells, Sirolimus, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, STAT3 Transcription Factor, Mice, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
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