Innate immunity and adipose tissue biology
Abstract
The understanding of the role of adipose tissue has changed from a lipid storage organ to an endocrine and immunologically active organ. Here, we summarize the evidence for an important role of adipose tissue in innate immunity. The review focuses on the expression and function of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in adipocytes and on the role of adipose tissue macrophages. The dual activation of TLR4 in adipocytes by lipopolysaccharide and fatty acids represents a molecular gate that connects innate immunity with metabolism. Dichotomic molecules derived from ancient precursor molecules control metabolism and immune function. Visceral adipose tissue is infiltrated by macrophages in obesity, and there is local crosstalk between these two types of cells, leading to an inflammatory transformation of adipose tissue.
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Gut-derived endotoxin can trigger fat inflammation, which is considered to be the main driver of systemic inflammation in metabolic syndrome by releasing adipokines.
“Gut‐derived endotoxin can trigger fat inflammation, which is considered to be the main driver of systemic inflammation in metabolic syndrome by releasing adipokines (Schaffler & Scholmerich, 2010).”
From <i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> alleviates <scp>high‐fat‐diet</scp> ‐related metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease by modulating gut microbiota and bile acids (2023) · cites this paper as Schaffler & Scholmerich, 2010
Lipopolysaccharide can act on Toll-like receptor 4 in adipocytes to stimulate production of proinflammatory adipokines and reinforce systemic inflammation.
“Lipopolysaccharide can also act on Toll-like receptor 4 in adipocytes to stimulate the production of proinflammatory adipokines and to further reinforce the systemic inflammation.”
From <i>Akkermansia Muciniphila</i> Protects Against Atherosclerosis by Preventing Metabolic Endotoxemia-Induced Inflammation in <i>Apoe</i> <sup>−/−</sup> Mice (2016) · cites this paper as [45]
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- Authors
- Schäffler, A., & Schölmerich, J.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital Regensburg (DE)
- Venue
- Trends in Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-06
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 228-235
- ISSN
- 1471-4906 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2086125606
- Cited by
- 283
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 2.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Regensburg Publication Server (University of Regensburg) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- innate immunity, adipose tissue, Toll-like receptors, TLR4, adipocytes, adipose tissue macrophages, visceral adipose tissue, obesity, lipopolysaccharide, fatty acids, adipose tissue inflammation
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Animals, Cell Communication, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Macrophages, Signal Transduction, Toll-Like Receptors
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