Group Therapy for Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
Objective To determine the efficacy of group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who were in pharmacological treatment but still had persistent symptoms. Method We conducted a multicenter, randomized, rater-blinded, controlled trial between April 2012 and May 2014 in a cohort of 119 adolescents (15-21 years of age). Participants were randomly assigned to 12 manualized group CBT sessions (n = 45) or a waiting list control group (n = 44). Primary outcomes were assessed by a blinded evaluator (ADHD Rating Scale [ADHD-RS], Clinical Global Impression Scale for Severity [CGI-S], Global Assessment of Functioning [GAF]) before and after treatment, as well as by self-report and parent informant ratings. Results Of the initial 119 participants enrolled, 89 completed treatment. A mixed-effects model analysis revealed that participants who were assigned to the group CBT sessions experienced significantly reduced ADHD symptoms compared to the control group (ADHD-RS Adolescent: -7.46, 95% CI = -9.56 to -5.36, p < .001, d = 7.5; ADHD-RS Parents: -9.11, 95% CI = -11.48 to -6.75, p < .001, d = 8.38; CGI-S Self-Report: -0.68, 95% CI = -0.98 to -0.39, p < .001, d = 3.75; CGI-S Clinician: -0.79, 95% CI = -0.95 to -0.62, p < .001; d = 7.71). Functional impairment decreased significantly in the CBT group according to parents (Weiss Functional Impairment Scale -4.02, 95% CI = -7.76 to -0.29, p < .05, d = 2.29) and according to the blinded evaluator (GAF: -7.58, 95% CI = -9.1 to -6.05, p < .001, d = 7.51). Conclusion Group CBT associated with pharmacological treatment is an efficacious intervention for reducing ADHD symptoms and functional impairment in adolescents. Clinical trial registration information-CBT Group for Adolescents With ADHD: a Randomized Controlled Trial; http://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT02172183.
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In five of the six trials with a non-active control condition (waiting-list control group), participants in the intervention group showed stronger post-treatment improvements in ADHD symptoms compared with participants in the control group.
“In five of the six trials with a non-active control condition (waiting-list control group), participants in the intervention group showed stronger post-treatment improvements in ADHD-symptoms compared with participants in the control group [62,63,64,65,73,74].”
From Treatment of Adolescents with Concurrent Substance Use Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as [74]
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- Authors
- Vidal, R., Castells, J., Richarte, V., Palomar, G., García, M., Nicolau, R., Lazaro, L., Casas, M., & Ramos-Quiroga, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (ES)
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-04
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 275-282
- ISSN
- 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2072724634
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 5.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2017-11-01)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, adolescents, group cognitive behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapy, functional disability, treatment efficacy, ADHD Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impression Scale, Global Assessment of Functioning, waiting list control group, comorbid depression and anxiety, comorbid substance use disorders
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Female, Humans, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychotherapy, Group, Severity of Illness Index, Spain, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Single-Blind Method, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Self Report
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